Filter
206
Featured
Free Access
147
Key Guidance
2
Quick Overview
3
Top Insights
12
Topics
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
36
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
27
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
19
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
19
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
12
Facebook
11
Freedom of Expression
10
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
10
Propaganda
9
Antisemitism
8
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
7
Twitter & Microblogs
7
Media Law & Regulation
7
Radio-Télévision Libre des Milles Collines (RTLM)
7
Genocides
6
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
6
Social Media in Political Communication
6
Defamation Law & Regulation
6
Election Reporting
6
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
6
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
5
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
5
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
5
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
5
TikTok
5
Racism in Communication & Media
5
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
5
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
4
Conflicts and Media
4
Social Media
4
Discrimination in Language & Media
4
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
4
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Polarization, Political Polarization
4
Right-Wing Extremism
4
Election Campaigns: Social Media
4
Censorship
3
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
3
Perpetrators
3
Dealing With the Past
3
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
3
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
3
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
3
War Reporting
3
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
3
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
3
Romani People
3
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
3
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
3
Self-Regulation of Media
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
Feminism & Communication
3
Nazism
3
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
3
United Nations (UN)
3
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
3
Human Rights
3
Populism
3
Press
3
Radio
3
Discrimination
3
Dalits
3
Catholic Communicators & Journalists
2
Catholic Radio Programmes
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
2
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
2
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Extremist Recruitment through Media
2
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
2
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
2
Search Engines
2
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
2
YouTube
2
Artificial Intelligence
2
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
2
Sports Reporting
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Satellite Television
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Judaism: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Language
2
Civil Rights
2
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
2
People with Disabilities: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Coughlin, Charles (1891-1979)
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Media Effects
2
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
2
Hinduism and Communication
2
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
2
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
2
Ethnocentrism
2
Rohingya
2
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
2
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Gaming: Uses & Effects
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Campaigning: Planning & Implementation
1
Election Campaigns
1
Protestantism (Mainline)
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Street Papers
1
Participatory Communication
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Violence in the Media: Video Games
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Memes
1
Good Governance
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Cybercrimes
1
Darknet
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Google
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Online Dating
1
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
1
Telegram
1
WhatsApp
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
AI & Democracy / Democratization
1
AI & Social Justice
1
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minority Rights
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Minorities
1
Xenophobia
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Early Warning: Disasters
1
QAnon (Conspiracy Narrative)
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Mobile Money Cash Transfer Programmes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Educational Policies
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Sexuality
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
European Union (EU)
1
UNESCO
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Television News
1
Radio Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Political Reporting
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Metaphors
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Ushahidi (Crowdsourcing Mapping Software)
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Radio Policies
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Transitional Justice
1
Selfies, Self-Portrait Photographs
1
Social Photography
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Fascism
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Manipulation
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Religion and Politics
1
Research Methods
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Assassination
1
Human Security
1
Countering Discrimination & Racism
1
Violence
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
State Violence
1
Civil Society
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Television
1
Visual Communication
1
Youth & Digital Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
A matter of perception? Investigating subjective and objective exposure to hate speech with a survey and mobile longitudinal linkage study
Information, Communication & Society (2025), 21 pp.
"An increasing number of media users report frequent encounters with hate speech on the internet. Content moderation is only effective when the applied criteria align with users’ perceptions of hate speech. To explore what media users perceive as hate speech and which factors influence this percep
...
Von Hashtags und Geschichte: Vergangenheitsbezogene Hate Speech und ihre Multimodalität auf TikTok
Publizistik, volume 70 (2025), pp. 261-287
"Die audiovisuelle Plattform TikTok bildet mittlerweile einen relevanten Aushandlungsort für soziale Gruppen aller Art. User*innen bietet sich die Möglichkeit, eigene Räume für Vernetzung zu schaffen und Identitätsmanagement zu betreiben. Aufgrund der Plattformaffordanzen – vor allem Multimod
...
The Routledge International Handbook of Online Deviance
London; New York: Routledge (2025), xxvii, 765 pp.
"Covering a wide range of different online platforms, including social media sites and chatrooms, this volume is a comprehensive exploration of the current state of sociological and criminological scholarship focused on online deviance. Understanding deviance broadly, the handbook acknowledges both
...
Lauter Hass – leiser Rückzug: Wie Hass im Netz den demokratischen Diskurs bedroht
Berlin: Kompetenznetzwerk gegen Hass im Netz (2024), 81 pp.
Perception and consumption of hate speech in the Lebanese media
Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2024), 25 pp.
Living hated: Everyday experiences of hate speech across online and offline contexts
Communications: The European Journal of Communication Research, volume 49, issue 2 (2024), pp. 243-262
"The article builds on current research into the effects and harms of hate speech in the lives of its victims. It introduces the anthropological concept of everyday violence to focus on hate speech as an everyday experience as opposed to a sequence of separate hate speech acts. Methodologically, the
...
Hate Speech FORSA-Studie 2024: Zentrale Untersuchungsergebnisse
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2024), 24 pp.
“Drop a Bomb on Them . . . and Problem Solved!”: An Analysis of Poverty Discourse on TikTok
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 1135-1156
"This research analyzes the discursive characteristics of hate messages posted on TikTok Spain against people at risk of social exclusion. Using critical discourse analysis, we analyzed 679 hateful messages generated by 100 videos found about poverty. This method considered the social groups mention
...
Exposure to Online Hateful Content and Users’ Engagement: A Silencing Effect
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 5629-5651
"Although there has been recent interest in the effects of exposure to online hate speech targeting ethnic minority groups, there are some underexplored areas. In a context dominated by debates over free and hateful speech across social media platforms, it has never been more pertinent to investigat
...
Ain't no Game: Antisemitism in Gaming and on Social Media
ELNET Deutschland;Combat Antisemitism Movement (2024), 5 pp.
"Antisemitism Surges Online: Antisemitic content on platforms like X spiked by 919 percent following the October 7 Hamas attacks, spreading hate that deeply affects Jewish users, especially the young. Enhanced moderation systems combining AI and human oversight, along with stricter regulations, are
...
Unpacking Affective Polarization in Afghanistan: Ethnic Politics, Elite Competition, and Online Divisive Content
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2024), 25 pp.
"Affective polarization has been a persistent feature of Afghanistan’s society and politics in the past decades. However, with the instantaneous collapse of the republic’s government and the return of the Taliban, the country has witnessed heightened affective polarization along ethnic and ideol
...
Legal Challenges and Political Strategies in the Post-Truth Era: Online Hate Speech Trilogy - vol II
Covilhã; Cali: LABCOM;Editorial Universidad Icesi (2024), 186 pp.
Populism Fuels Hate Speech and Disinformation: Evidence From Political Discourse on X (Formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan
International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 5694-5713
"This study discusses the relationship among the various dimensions of populism, hate speech, and disinformation within the political discourse on X (formerly Twitter) in India and Pakistan. Employing manual content analysis, we examined 7,141 posts from both populist and non-populist political lead
...
Hassrede im Netz: Von den Grenzen der Meinungsfreiheit. Informationen für pädagogische Fachkräfte
Düsseldorf: klicksafe;Landesanstalt für Medien NRW;Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kinder und Jugendschutz (2024), 39 pp.
Code & Vorurteil: Über Künstliche Intelligenz, Rassismus und Antisemitismus
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2024), 231 pp.
"Was bedeutet die zunehmende Nutzung Künstlicher Intelligenz für die Demokratie, für Offenheit und Vielfalt in der Gesellschaft? Wie gerecht entscheiden Algorithmen? Vielfach zeigt sich, dass KI-Anwendungen strukturelle Ungleichheit und bestehende Diskriminierungsmuster reproduzieren können. Den
...
Antisemitismus in den Sozialen Medien
Top Insights
Opladen et al.: Verlag Barbara Budrich (2024), 329 pp.
"Soziale Medien haben die Verbreitung von Antisemitismus revolutioniert. Algorithmisch verstärkt verbreitet sich Antisemitismus auf den Plattformen in Sekundenschnelle, kostenlos und global. Die daraus resultierende Gefahr für Jüdinnen*Juden ist eine große gesellschaftliche Herausforderung. Das
...
Social Media Platforms and Challenges for Democracy, Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights
Brussels: European Parliament, Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs (2023), 151 pp.
"This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines risks that contemporary social media - focusing in particular on the most widely-used platforms - present for democracy, the rul
...
Challenges and Perspectives of Hate Speech Research
Top Insights
Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Media and Communication Studies (2023), 482 pp.
"This book is the result of a conference that could not take place. It is a collection of 26 texts that address and discuss the latest developments in international hate speech research from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. This includes case studies from Brazil, Lebanon, Poland, Nigeria,
...
Social Media 4 Peace: Local Lessons for Global Practices
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 69 pp.
"The three countries [Bosnia and Herzegovina, Indonesia, and Kenya] provide evidence of online hate speech and disinformation affecting human rights offline. The evidence is not comprehensive yet clear enough to raise serious concerns. Online gender-based violence is also reported as critical in the
...
Platform Problems and Regulatory Solutions: Findings from a Comprehensive Review of Existing Studies and Investigations
Quick Overview
Paris: UNESCO;Research ICT Africa (2023), 17 pp.
"The proliferation of hate speech and disinformation on online platforms has serious implications for human rights, trust and safety as per international human rights law and standards. The mutually-reinforcing determinants of the problems are: ‘attention economics’; automated advertising system
...
