Filter
206
Featured
Free Access
147
Key Guidance
2
Quick Overview
3
Top Insights
12
Topics
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
36
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
27
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
19
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
19
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
12
Facebook
11
Freedom of Expression
10
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
10
Propaganda
9
Antisemitism
8
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
7
Twitter & Microblogs
7
Media Law & Regulation
7
Radio-Télévision Libre des Milles Collines (RTLM)
7
Genocides
6
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
6
Social Media in Political Communication
6
Defamation Law & Regulation
6
Election Reporting
6
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
6
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
5
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
5
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
5
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
5
TikTok
5
Racism in Communication & Media
5
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
5
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
4
Conflicts and Media
4
Social Media
4
Discrimination in Language & Media
4
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
4
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
4
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
4
Polarization, Political Polarization
4
Right-Wing Extremism
4
Election Campaigns: Social Media
4
Censorship
3
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
3
Perpetrators
3
Dealing With the Past
3
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
3
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
3
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
3
War Reporting
3
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
3
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
3
Romani People
3
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
3
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
3
Self-Regulation of Media
3
Female Journalists & Media Workers
3
Feminism & Communication
3
Nazism
3
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
3
United Nations (UN)
3
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
3
Human Rights
3
Populism
3
Press
3
Radio
3
Discrimination
3
Dalits
3
Catholic Communicators & Journalists
2
Catholic Radio Programmes
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
2
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
2
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Extremist Recruitment through Media
2
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
2
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
2
Search Engines
2
Filter Bubbles & Echo Chambers
2
YouTube
2
Artificial Intelligence
2
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
2
Sports Reporting
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Satellite Television
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Judaism: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Language
2
Civil Rights
2
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
2
People with Disabilities: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Coughlin, Charles (1891-1979)
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Political Communication
2
Media Effects
2
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
2
Hinduism and Communication
2
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
2
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
2
Ethnocentrism
2
Rohingya
2
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
2
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Gaming: Uses & Effects
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Campaigning: Planning & Implementation
1
Election Campaigns
1
Protestantism (Mainline)
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Street Papers
1
Participatory Communication
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Violence in the Media: Video Games
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Memes
1
Good Governance
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Cybercrimes
1
Darknet
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Google
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Internet Shutdowns
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Online Dating
1
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
1
Telegram
1
WhatsApp
1
Trolling (Social Media)
1
AI & Democracy / Democratization
1
AI & Social Justice
1
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minority Rights
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Minorities
1
Xenophobia
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Early Warning: Disasters
1
QAnon (Conspiracy Narrative)
1
Gendered Disinformation
1
Mobile Money Cash Transfer Programmes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Educational Policies
1
Gaming, Video Games
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Sexuality
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
European Union (EU)
1
UNESCO
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Television News
1
Radio Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Political Reporting
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Metaphors
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Ushahidi (Crowdsourcing Mapping Software)
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Radio Policies
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Transitional Justice
1
Selfies, Self-Portrait Photographs
1
Social Photography
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Fascism
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Manipulation
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Religion and Politics
1
Research Methods
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Assassination
1
Human Security
1
Countering Discrimination & Racism
1
Violence
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
State Violence
1
Civil Society
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Television
1
Visual Communication
1
Youth & Digital Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Online Hate Speech in the European Union: A Discourse-Analytic Perspective
Springer (2017), viii, 90 pp.
"The central objective of this volume has been to show that legislation against hate speech in the EU may be an effective first step towards combatting the phenomenon, but it might not be adequate on its own to contain the present situation. This is because hate speech has multiple ways of being exp
...
Verhasste Vielfalt: Eine Analyse von Hate Speech im Raum von Kirche und Diakonie mit Kommentierungen
Hannover: Studienzentrum der EKD für Genderfragen in Kirche und Theologie;creo-media (2017), 182 pp.
"Die vorliegende Studie gliedert sich in einen einführenden Teil, in dem das Phänomen Hate Speech dargestellt ist, und einen empirischen Teil, in dem Äußerungen mit thematischen Bezug zu „Gender“, „Homosexualität“ sowie „Flucht und Islam“ im kirchlichen und diakonischen Rahmen analy
...
Guía para combatir el discurso de odio
Madrid: Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG) (2017), 19 pp.
"Esta guía elaborada por la Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG) tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer orientaciones a las organizaciones que trabajan por la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación, a agentes clave y a la ciudadanía, sobre qué es el discurso de odio y cómo combatirlo más efic
...
Manifestations of Online Hate Speech: Reports on Antisemitic, Antiziganistic, Homophobic and Anti-Muslim Hate Speech
Amsterdam: International Network Against Cyber Hate (INACH) (2017), 232 pp.
"The aim of this report is to illustrate, on the basis of online hate speech examples from six countries - Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain -, patterns of cyber hate against four communities. The topics that will be subsequently analysed are: antisemitism, antiziganism, h
...
When Media is Used to Incite Violence: The United Nations, Genocide, and Atrocity Crimes
In: The Routledge Companion to Media and Humanitarian Action
Robin Andersen; Robin Purnaka L. de Silva (eds.)
London: Routledge (2017), pp. 60-67
"Adama Dieng and Simona Cruciani articulate how hate speech is defined, and draw out its possible consequences. Dieng makes the distinction between hate speech and incitement. Incitement is a very dangerous form of hate speech that can trigger violence and, in some instances, atrocity crimes and eve
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We Can! Taking Action Against Hate Speech Through Counter and Alternative Narratives
Cork: Primento Digital Publishing, revised ed. (2017), 156 pp.
"WE CAN! is the latest addition to our toolbox against hate. The most damaging examples of hate speech are often grounded in simple stories, which are repeated over and over again in different forms. The migrants “taking our jobs” narrative, for example. Or the consistent claim, made by radicals
...
"They Are Not Our Brothers": Hate Speech by Saudi Officials
Human Rights Watch (2017), 62 pp.
"The Saudi state has permitted government-appointed religious scholars and clerics and government institutions to refer to religious minorities such as Shia in derogatory terms or demonize them in official documents and religious rulings. In addition, in recent years, government-appointed clerics ha
...
Hass im Internet: Zivilitätsverluste in der digitalen Kommunikation
Communicatio Socialis, volume 50, issue 3 (2017), pp. 318-333
"Menschenfeindliche und rassistische Äußerungen (Hate Speech) gegenüber religiösen und ethnischen Gruppen im Internet haben sich weltweit massiv ausgebreitet. Das Internet ist weniger ein Ort der multikulturellen Begegnung als des aggressiven Kulturkampfes mit weitreichenden Folgen für gesellsc
...
Incitement in Media Content and Political Discourse in EU Member States
Vienna: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2016), 16 pp.
"This European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) contribution to the second Annual Colloquium on Fundamental Rights provides a snapshot of manifestations of incitement in media content and political discourse against different groups in EU member states. It outlines the European and internat
...
Hate Speech and Democratic Citizenship
Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2016), xiii, 248 pp.
"Contrary to dominant views within international law and institutions, it is never democratically legitimate to punish citizens solely for repulsive or dangerous viewpoints expressed within public discourse. With the controversial exception of the US, however, most states prohibit some forms of raci
...
Hate Spin: The Manufacture of Religious Offense and its Threat to Democracy
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (2016), xviii, 308 pp.
"Outbreaks of religious intolerance are usually assumed to be visceral and spontaneous. But in 'Hate Spin', Cherian George shows that they often involve sophisticated campaigns manufactured by political opportunists to mobilize supporters and marginalize opponents. Right-wing networks orchestrate th
...
Hate Speech: Key Concept Paper
Media, Conflict and Democratisation (MeCoDEM) (2016), 35 pp.
"Instead of seeking to provide an objective definition of hate speech, the paper’s empirical approach highlights that context matters. More specifically, analysis of the political and socio-economic context in which the speech act occurs and consideration of the nature of the speaker and audience
...
Online/social media as a pathway towards violent extremism in East Africa
Birmingham: GSDRC, University of Birmingham (2016), 15 pp.
"Key findings include: The Internet can play a role in the radicalisation process; There are few examples of individuals radicalising entirely online, but there are signs that this could increase over time; There is less evidence of the internet’s role in recruitment to terrorist networks or the u
...
Social Media and Conflict in South Sudan: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab (2016), 20 pp.
"This project aims to address a clear practical and methodological gap that exists in current efforts to tackle hate speech and its effects on communities in conflict zones—namely, how do we identify and contextualize the particular kind of language that’s likely to cause violence? Rather than a
...
Hate Speech: Hass im Netz
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2016), 27 pp.
New Social Media and Politics in Thailand: The Emergence of Fascist Vigilante Groups on Facebook
ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, volume 9, issue 2 (2016), pp. 215-233
"Since 2010, Facebook has become a battleground between competing political camps in Thailand. Facebook groups like the Social Sanction group, tellingly abbreviated as SS, and the Rubbish Collector Organization, which was founded in 2014 and has attracted more than 200,000 members, have played a cru
...
Mechachal: Online Debates and Elections in Ethiopia. From Hate Speech to Engagement in Social Media
University of Oxford, Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy (PCMLP) (2015), 103 pp.
"We analyzed more than 13,000 statements during the project. This report primarily builds on the statements that were collected between 24 February and 24 June 2015, three months before and one month after the parliamentary elections that took place in Ethiopia on 24 May 2015. FINDING 1 - Hate and d
...
Media Propaganda and Human Rights Issues: What Can be Learnt from the Former Yugoslavia’s Experience in Relation to the Current Developments in the Arab Spring Countries?
Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, volume 8, issue 1 (2015), pp. 21-36
"Recent history has proven that media propaganda can impact severely on human rights issues. This article aims at exploring what can be learnt from previous lessons in order to avoid the same mistakes happening again and/or to fight them more efficiently. It questions the experience of the former Yu
...
Propaganda and Freedom of the Media
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2015), 78 pp.
"This non-paper aims to facilitate the OSCE participating states in formulating national and international law and policy toward the current spread of propaganda intertwined with the conflict in and around Ukraine. It distinguishes two sorts of propaganda in the contemporary world. The first is call
...
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development: Special Digital Focus 2015
Top Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2015), 197 pp.
"With a focus on online hate speech, protection of journalism sources, the role of internet intermediaries in fostering freedom online, and the safety of journalists, the report highlights the importance of new actors in promoting and protecting freedom of expression online and off-line." (Back cove
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