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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
63
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
61
Female Journalists & Media Workers
51
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
50
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
38
War Reporting
30
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
30
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
27
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
25
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
24
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
23
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
23
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
18
Self-Censorship
16
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
16
Investigative Journalism
15
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
14
Journalism Education & Training
14
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
13
Foreign Correspondents
13
Censorship
10
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
10
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
9
Freedom of Expression
8
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
8
Election Reporting
8
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
8
Media Law & Regulation
8
Human Rights Protection
8
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
7
COVID-19 Communication
7
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
6
Crime & Violence Reporting
6
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
6
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
5
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
5
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
5
Emergency Medical Aid
5
United Nations (UN)
5
Journalism
5
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
5
Research in Media & Communication
5
Editorial Independence
4
Media / Communication Control
4
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
4
Community Radios
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Journalism Ethics
4
UNESCO
4
Journalism Education Curricula
4
Journalists
4
Local Journalism
4
Photojournalism
4
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
4
Advocacy
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
3
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
3
Political Cartoons & Comics
3
Freedom of Expression Principles
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
Journalistic Social Media Use
3
Minority Journalists
3
Humanitarian Law
3
Environmental Journalism
3
Countering Defamation & Harassment
3
Good Practice Examples
3
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
3
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
3
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
3
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
3
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
3
Police
3
Democracy / Democratization and Media
3
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
2
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
2
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Storytelling
2
Boko Haram
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Social Media
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Documenting Human Rights Violations
2
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
2
Foreign News, International News
2
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
2
Council of Europe
2
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
2
Journalistic Research Methods
2
Journalistic Skills
2
Exiled Journalists
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
2
Television Journalism
2
Media Assistance
2
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Political Transition and Media
2
Research Methods
2
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
2
Corruption & Combating Corruption
2
Networks & Networking
2
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
2
User-Generated Contents
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Open Data
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
1
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Election Campaigns
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Film Distribution
1
Film Editing
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
State Influence on the Media
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
1
Terrorism
1
Gaza War (2023-)
1
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital & Information Literacy
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
AI Reporting
1
Romani People
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Distribution of Media
1
Television Markets
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation, Libel, Slander
1
Defamation: Effects on Victims
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
History of Journalism
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
European Union (EU)
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalism Studies: Research Projects
1
Journalistic Genres
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
News Agencies
1
Radio Journalism
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Translations & Translating
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Media Assistance: Local Journalism & Media
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Law, Legislation, Judiciary (General)
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Caruana Galizia, Daphne (1964-2017)
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Photographers
1
Military
1
Political Extremism
1
Populism
1
Security
1
Personal Safety
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Political Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Public Spheres
1
Video Production Skills
1
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Communication & Media Research Associations & Networks
1
Assassination
1
Human Security
1
Rohingya
1
Blockchain Technologies
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"From Tehran to Tahrir Square to Gezi Park-to mention only three key sites of protest made prominent in 2013-social media has been lauded as one of the key factors enabling popular uprisings and social movements. This has provided further hype for new or digital media, which were already being toute ... more
"This article focuses on the interdependence between security and human rights. The author advocates that freedom of expression and free media – two basic human rights – play increasingly important roles in fostering a meaningful debate on security issues and that they can help us to effectively ... more
"This report provides analysis of the 593 killings of journalists as condemned by the Director-General of UNESCO between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2013 with an emphasis on cases which took place in 2012 and 2013. With 123 killings, 2012 constitutes the deadliest year for journalists since the r ... more
"Throughout 2014 the IFJ and EFJ have been working hand in hand with affiliates, the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine, the Independent Media Trade Union of Ukraine and the Russian Union of Journalists to support their members in the field, condemn the intimidation of journalists and manipula ... more
"Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of U ... more
"Journalism in Mexico has become a high-risk profession. With 137 journalists killed and 14 missing since the start of the “drug wars” there, Mexico has become the Latin American country with the most crimes against journalists (Rodríguez Olvera, 2011). Between 2000 and 2011, the National Commi ... more
"War Reporters Under Threat describes the threat of violence facing war reporters from the United States government and some of its closest allies. Chris Paterson argues that what should have been the lesson for the press following the invasion of Iraq - that they will be treated instrumentally by t ... more
"Every year, several international organizations monitoring press freedom worldwide issue reports in which they underline the occupational hazards faced by journalists while reporting. Some African countries, such as Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia or Equatorial Guinea, have been regularly pinpointed at the ... more
"Nearly 200 investigative journalists converged from all corners of the US-Mexico border at the salmon-colored Hotel Lucerna in Ciudad Juárez to discuss their targets: corrupt politicians, contaminators, criminals, rogues and wrong-doers of all stripes. The gathering came in late 1997-a high point ... more
"This document provides the United Nations Implementation Strategy 2013-2014 of the UN Plan of Action on The Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (hereafter referred to as the UN Plan). In addition to the Strategy, there is a detailed Work-Plan to put the Strategy into place." (Introducti ... more
"This guide details what journalists need to know in a new and changing world. It is aimed at local and international journalists of varied levels of experience. The guide outlines basic preparedness for new journalists taking on their first assignments around the world, offers refresher information ... more
"This national baseline survey sets out to achieve two main objectives. First, it seeks to shed more light on and generate awareness of safety and protection issues for journalists within the profession and the public. Secondly, it seeks to provide a knowledge-based platform with which to lay future ... more
"I have been asked by the Council of Europe Steering Committee on Media and Information Society (CDMSI) for a paper setting out the principles that can be drawn from the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) relating to the protection and safety of journalists and journali ... more
"Legal and political responses to the above issues will feature centrally in this paper. More specifically, the paper will consider the role of Council of Europe as a regional body in the concerted international efforts to enhance the protection of journalists and other media actors, in particular t ... more
"Any observer of the so-called Arab Spring, the massive wave of political revolt that has been sweeping the Arab region since 2011, could not help but notice the visible role that women have been playing in it. Hundreds of thousands of Arab women throughout the region, including in some of the most ... more

Safety and journalism

In: Model Curricula for Journalism Education: A Compendium of New Syllabi
Paris: UNESCO (2013), pp. 195-207
"This course aims to analyse the context in which journalists and communicators are working at local, national, regional and international level, and to help them to identify potential risks, to learn safe protocols and to know about those institutions and procedures that can help them." (Abstract)
"Stories of journalists entering conflict zones without basic equipment or first aid training are all too familiar; so too are reports of news outlets washing their hands of responsibility regarding commissioned freelancers. This needs to change, and it can, so long as enough voices in the industry ... more