Filter
260
Featured
Free Access
200
Key Guidance
11
Top Insights
18
Topics
Media Law & Regulation
54
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
47
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
22
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
18
Defamation Law & Regulation
18
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
16
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
12
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
12
Communication Rights
11
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
11
Censorship
11
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
11
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
10
Media Ownership
10
Journalism
9
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
8
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
8
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
8
Media & Communication Policies
8
Human Rights Protection
8
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
7
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
7
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
7
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
7
Freedom of Expression Principles
6
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
6
Access to Media & Information
5
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
5
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
5
Internet Shutdowns
5
Self-Regulation of Media
5
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
5
European Union (EU)
5
Human Rights
5
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
5
Politics and Media
5
Islam and Communication
5
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Media Use, Media Consumption
4
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
4
Internet
4
Social Media
4
Artificial Intelligence
4
Media Concentration
4
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
4
Media, Mass Media
4
Human Rights Violations
4
Religious Freedom
4
Media Outlets, Media Associations
4
Communication & Media Indicators
4
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
3
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
3
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
3
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
3
Media Assistance
3
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
3
Election Campaigns: Social Media
3
Political Communication
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Press
3
Newspapers
3
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Audiences & Users
2
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
2
Chilling Effects (Discouragement of Legitimate Exercise of Legal Rights)
2
Digital Rights
2
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
2
Copyright Law
2
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
2
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Cybercrimes
2
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
2
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
2
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Defamation, Libel, Slander
2
Journalism Ethics
2
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Feminism & Communication
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
History of Media & Communication
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Satellite Television
2
Journalists
2
News Agencies
2
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
2
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
2
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
2
Propaganda
2
Watchdog Role of the Media
2
Radio
2
Civil Society
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
2
Television
2
Non-Western Communication Approaches
2
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Advocacy Campaigns
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Book Trade & Distribution
1
Campaigning
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Church Marketing
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Intellectual Property
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Self-Censorship
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Communication Strategies
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Television
1
Community Television Policies & Regulation
1
Traditional Communication
1
Holocaust
1
International Conflicts
1
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
1
Civil Wars
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist Recruitment through Media
1
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
1
War Reporting
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Authors, Writers
1
Literature: Social Criticism
1
National Integration
1
Popular Cultures
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
Development and Media
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Digital Market Concentration
1
Online Dating
1
Facebook
1
Telegram
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
YouTube
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
ICT Regulation
1
Information Society
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Minorities
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
1
Minority Rights
1
Romani People
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Press Markets
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Education (General)
1
Educational Broadcasting
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Vocational Training
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Political Parody and Satire
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Responsibility
1
Gender Norms & Roles
1
Good Practice Examples
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
History (General)
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Foreign Policies
1
Council of Europe
1
OSCE
1
UNESCO
1
United Nations (UN)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Financing Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Legal Status of Journalists
1
Political Reporting
1
Risk Communication
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Linguistics & Sociolinguistics
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
International Media Support (IMS) (Media Development NGO, Denmark)
1
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Presentation of Information
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Literacy: Television
1
Media Literacy: Youth
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
National Security Legislation
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
1
Financing Not-For-Profit & Community Media
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Knowledge Sharing & Transfer
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Islamization
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Democracy
1
Democratization
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Television Production
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Public Media, State Media
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Media Reception
1
Manipulation
1
Buddhism
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Muslim Media
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Empirical Studies
1
Discrimination
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Data Protection (Computer Software)
1
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Mobile Phone Apps
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
1
Television Channels
1
Youth, Adolescents
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Die Landkarte der Zensur: Erzählungen, Reportagen und Essays für die Freiheit des Wortes aus Index on Censorship
Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag (1998), 205 pp.
"Die Freiheit des Wortes ist eines der Fundamente jeder Demokratie und ein generelles Menschenrecht. Doch nicht nur in den Diktaturen ist dieses Recht gefährdet. Auch in modernen Demokratien wird die formal garantierte Redefreiheit immer wieder auf subtile Weise unterlaufen. Zensurmaßnahmen publik
...
Free Expression Seen as Important Globally, but Not Everyone Thinks Their Country Has Press, Speech and Internet Freedoms: Made-up news and information seen as pervasive across the globe
Top Insights
Pew Research Center (2025), 71 pp.
Global Expression Report
Article 19 (2025)
"More than 5.6 billion people have experienced a decline in their freedom of expression over the last 10 years. Scores have sunk in 77 countries, and only 35 countries are now ranked as ‘Open.’ Only 4% of us – fewer than 300 million people – across just 15 countries have experienced improvem
...
Global Case Law Database
Top Insights
New York: Columbia University Global Freedom of Expression (2024)
"Columbia Global Freedom of Expression seeks to strengthen freedom of expression worldwide by advancing the understanding of international and national norms and institutions that best protect the free flow of information and expression in an interconnected global community. We do so by sharing know
...
Case law on content moderation and freedom of expression
New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression, 2nd ed. (2024), 29 pp.
"This edition of the Special Collection on the Case Law of Freedom of Expression: Case law on content moderation and freedom of expression is an update of the 2023 Special Collection on content moderation and freedom of expression. It includes cases that have been added to the database in the period
...
Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Morocco: A Field Study
Internews;Moroccan Institute for Policy Analysis (2024), 119 pp.
The Routledge companion to freedom of expression and censorship
London; New York: Routledge (2024), xvi, 420 pp.
"This volume addresses the various historical, philosophical, political and cultural parameters of censorship and freedom of expression as well as current debates involving technology, journalism and media regulation. Geographically, temporally and culturally diverse accounts of censorship and freed
...
Media and Democracy in the Middle East
London; New York: Routledge (2024), 176 pp.
"Since the outburst and spread of what was known as the ‘Arab Uprisings’ in 2010, the political and media landscapes in the Middle East region have dramatically changed. The initial hope for democratic change and governance quality improvements has faded, as several regimes in the Middle East ha
...
Navigating Freedom: Making Sense of Lebanon's Digital Discourse on Free Expression
Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2023), 13 pp.
Privacy and Freedom of Expression
New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2023), 41 pp.
Case law on content moderation and freedom of expression
New York: Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2023), 23 pp.
Humor and Free Speech: A Comparative Analysis of Global Case Law
Columbia University, Global Freedom of Expression (2023), 45 pp.
Information Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) on the Impact of Cyber Security Cybercrime Laws enacted by Southern Africa Governments on Media Freedom and Digital Rights
Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA);Internews;USAID (2023), 633 pp.
"In 2023, Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA) through its consortium partner, Internews, undertook the most comprehensive review yet of laws affecting media practice and the freedom of expression, including cyber laws, penal codes, constitutions and acts of parliament, in the sixteen Souther
...
The Dynamics of Influence on Press Freedom in Different Media Systems: A Comparative Study
Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 9 (2023), pp. 1937-1961
"his study focuses on contributing to the emerging international research agenda regarding press freedom, moving beyond the already established factors that relate to political and industrial norms as influences on press freedom. Its primary goal is to explore the dynamics of influence on press free
...
New Directions in the Ethics and Politics of Speech
New York; London: Routledge (2023), viii, 153 pp.
"This book features new perspectives on the ethics and politics of free speech. Contributors draw on insights from philosophy, psychology, political theory, journalism, literature, and history to respond to pressing problems involving free speech in liberal societies. Recent years have seen an explo
...
Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms: Safeguarding Freedom of Expression and Access to Information Through a Multi-Stakeholder Approach
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 58 pp.
"The Guidelines outline a set of duties, responsibilities and roles for States, digital platforms, intergovernmental organizations, civil society, media, academia, the technical community and other stakeholders to enable the environment where freedom of expression and information are in the core of
...
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and its Potential to Foster Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Journalists: A Guide for Journalists
Paris: UNESCO (2023), 15 pp.
"This guide aims to provide information to help improve press coverage of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) on issues relating to the right to freedom of expression, the safety of journalists and access to information with the purpose of improving their ability to inform the public, to a professio
...
Censorship from Plato to Social Media: The Complexity of Social Media's Content Regulation and Moderation Practices
Cham: Springer (2023), xiv, 189 pp.
"In many countries, censorship, blocking of internet access and internet content for political purposes are still part of everyday life. Will filtering, blocking, and hacking replace scissors and black ink? This book argues that only a broader understanding of censorship can effectively protect free
...
Findings Report: The Media Freedom Cohort. The Summit for Democracy 2023
Media Freedom Cohort;Internews;Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2023), 106 pp.
Freedom of Expression and Media Consumption Research in Armenia
Yerevan: Internews;USAID;Prisma Research and Analysis (2023), 71 pp.
