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African Media Barometer: South Africa 2021

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 54 pp.

"Since its adoption on 1 July 2020, the Protection of Personal Information Act has bolstered freedom of expression and the right to privacy. This legislation aims to protect citizens’ personal information and balance the right to privacy with other rights, such as access to information. In Februar ... more

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African Media Barometer: Mali 2021

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 55 pp.

"[...] the exercise of freedom of expression remains relatively practised and differs from one region to the next. It is easier to exercise freedom of expression in big cities than in small towns or rural areas. Since 2012, Mali has been plagued by terrorist groups’ attacks from the north. The det ... more

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African Media Barometer: Benin 2021

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 57 pp.

"Trade unionists, human rights activists, journalists, dignitaries of endogenous religions, and even ordinary citizens feel threatened when exercising their right to freedom of expression. Generally, they fear prosecution cases against them being mounted by the authorities. Business people and entre ... more

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Global Toolkit for Judicial Actors: International Legal Standards on Freedom of Expression, Access to Information and Safety of Jornalists

Paris: UNESCO (2021), 210 pp.

"This toolkit on international standards for freedom of expression builds on these efforts, aiming to give a global scope to this endeavour. By reinforcing the knowledge and capacities of the judiciary, the toolkit effectively contributes to the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety ... more

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Online Attacks Against Journalists: Know Your Rights

International News Safety Institute (INSI);Thomson Reuters Foundation;UNESCO (2021), 146 pp.

"This practical guide aims to provide journalists with concrete legal tools to deal with online harassment, be it to identify punishable offences, to seek help from appropriate organisations, to efficiently gather evidence and to take steps should they decide to file a complaint against the perpetra ... more

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Impact of Social Media Law on Media Freedom in Turkey Monitoring Report

Gürkan Özturan, Dilek Içten, Hasan Berk Akkoç

Media Research Association (MEDAR) (2021), 83 pp.

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Análisis del desarrollo mediático en Uruguay: Basado en la aplicación de los indicadores de desarrollo mediático de la UNESCO

Olivo de León, Adalberto Grullón Morillo et al.

Paris; Montevideo: UNESCO (2021), 203 pp.

"Uruguay es el primer país del Cono Sur de América Latina en realizar una evaluación integral de su paisaje mediático utilizando los Indicadores de Desarrollo Mediatico (IDMs) de la UNESCO. Y, lo que es único de este ejercicio, es que todas las facultades de comunicación del país colaboraron ... more

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Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist’s Security as a Challenge to Implementation of Constitutional Principle of Freedom of Speech in the Council of Europe’s Member States

Alicja Jaskiernia

Przeglad Prawa Konstytucyjneo, issue 6 (2021), pp. 303-316

"Free speech and freedom of the media are essential to the functioning of democratic systems. However, recent decades have brought phenomena that pose a threat to media freedom. The author analyzed threats to media freedom and journalist’s security regarding resolution 2317 (2020) of the Parliamen ... more

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The new constitution freezing the press: Freedom of expression and statutory limitations in Libya

Miral Sabry AlAshry

Cogent Arts & Humanities, volume 8, issue 1 (2021), 16 pp.

"This study examined the Libyan conflict which started in 2011 until now. In the same way, the study also focused on how Libyan journalists are fighting for media freedom, particularly in the context of the media laws in the new Constitution of 2017. Through focus group discussions were done with 40 ... more

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United by Challenge: Regional Opportunities to Drive Media Reform in Southeast Europe

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2021)

"Southeast Europe’s strong tradition of regional cooperation for media reform can be leveraged to address the renewed threats independent media face. Countries in the region have shared cultural and trade ties, common media markets, and face similar threats to a free and independent press. They al ... more

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The Untapped Potential of Regional Cooperation for Media Reform in Southern Africa

Herman Wasserman

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2021), 32 pp.

"The 1991 adoption of the Windhoek Declaration in Namibia ushered in a continent-wide commitment to supporting independent media in Africa. Despite initial progress, including the establishment of the regional Media Institute for Southern Africa (MISA), independent media in the region continues to s ... more

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Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the Years 2018-2019
Top Insights

Elda Brogi, Roberta Carlini, Iva Nenadic, Pier Luigi Parcu, Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha

European University Institute;Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) (2020), 92 pp.

"The findings show a general stagnation or deterioration of media pluralism and media freedom in the four major areas encompassed by the Media Pluralism Monitor (MPM): Basic protection, Market plurality, Political independence and Social inclusiveness. The study comprises the European Union Member S ... more

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Final Report. Jordan Media Assessment: Media Landscape Analysis

USAID;Management Systems International (MSI) (2020), 98 pp.

"The Media Landscape Analysis is Component I of the Jordan Media Assessment, a comprehensive review of the media sector in Jordan. Based on a thorough desk review of existing research on Jordan’s media scene, it focuses on the legal framework, political will and economic context that affect the wo ... more

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Reporting Facts: Free from Fear or Favour

Marius Dragomir

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 52 pp.

"In a growing number of countries around the world, the greatest menace to editorial independence and professional standards is media capture, a form of media control achieved through a series of premeditated steps taken by governments and powerful interest groups, which undermines journalism as a p ... more

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COVID-19: The Role of Judicial Operators in the Protection and Promotion of the Right to Freedom of Expression: Guidelines

Joan Barata

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 13 pp.

"Judges and courts, both at national and regional levels, will find these guidelines useful to ensure the application of international and regional human rights standards of freedom of expression and privacy when ruling on cases involving States’ responses to the COVID-19 outbreak that have an imp ... more

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Protecting Public Watchdogs Across the EU: A Proposal for an EU Anti-SLAPP Law
Key Guidance

Linda Maria Ravo, Justin Borg-Barhet, Xandra Kramer

Article 19;Civil Liberties Union for Europe;Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ);et al. (2020), 48 pp.

"Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) are a form of legal harassment. Pursued by law firms on behalf of powerful individuals and organisations who seek to avoid public scrutiny, their aim is to drain the target’s financial and psychological resources and chill critical voices t ... more

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Unshackling Expression: A Study on Online Freedom of Expression in Indonesia

Alghiffari Aqsa

Association for Progressive Communications (APC);Cyrilla (2020), 27 pp.

"The situation of freedom of expression online in Indonesia affirms that Indonesia is shifting further from human rights and democracy. This is not much different from the situation in other countries in Southeast Asia which seem to be competing to be the worst in human rights and democracy. The shr ... more

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Media Influence Matrix: Georgia

Giorgi Jangiani

Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 86 pp.

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Policy Paper on Draft Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Bill, 2020

Toby Mandel, Sana Ali

Karachi: Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF) (2020), 46 pp.

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Lése-majesté and journalism in Turkey and Europe

Aytekin Kaan Kurtul

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 65-79

"This chapter deals with lèse-majesté laws and their impact on the exercise of freedom of political expression and journalism from the perspective of international human rights law. In doing so, it addresses the chilling effects of the application of a particular crime of lèse-majesté, namely � ... more

Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the Years 2018-2019 Top Insights

Protecting Public Watchdogs Across the EU: A Proposal for an EU Anti-SLAPP Law Key Guidance

Monitoring Media Pluralism in the Digital Era: Application of the Media Pluralism Monitor in the European Union, Albania and Turkey in the Years 2018-2019
Top Insights

Protecting Public Watchdogs Across the EU: A Proposal for an EU Anti-SLAPP Law
Key Guidance