"Chinas Streben nach weltweiter medialer Dominanz und Diskursmacht ist eine konkrete Gefahr für demokratische Länder. Wenn sich Demokratien dem nicht widersetzen, werden chinesische Bürgerinnen und Bürger jegliche Hoffnung auf Pressefreiheit im eigenen Land verlieren und der Journalismus, wie wi
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r ihn kennen, wird künftig mit chinesischer Propaganda konkurrieren. Auch in Deutschland gibt es Beispiele dafür, wie China versucht, die Medienberichterstattung im eigenen Sinne zu beeinflussen, etwa durch Medienkooperationen, gemeinsame Sendungen oder China-freundliche Beilagen in Zeitungen. Auch die chinesische Botschaft in Deutschland kommentiert und kritisiert auf ihrer Webseite immer wieder deutsche Medienberichte. Im zweiten Kapitel werden vor diesen Erfahrungen verschiedene Kooperationsformen typologisiert sowie Empfehlungen an Journalistinnen, Journalisten und Medienhäuser ausgesprochen, inwieweit und unter welchen Voraussetzungen Kooperationen möglich sein könnten. Eine Gefahr - bei allen Kooperationstypen und auch allgemein in der Berichterstattung - ist die unkritische Übernahme von chinesischen Narrativen. Daher soll das dritte Kapitel für Argumente und Deutungsrahmen (sog. Frames), die für chinesische Propaganda kennzeichnend sind, sensibilisieren und alternative Darstellungen und Argumentationen anbieten. Denn ausländische Medien spielen eine wichtige Rolle dabei, Propagandainhalte zu verbreiten - eine Methode, die in Peking einen eigenen Namen hat: "ein Boot leihen, um auf den Ozean hinauszufahren". Chinas Vorhaben könnte dazu führen, dass sich teils auch subtile Narrative und ein bestimmtes, dem chinesischen Regime wohlwollendes Vokabular verbreiten und durchsetzen kann." (Seite 3-4)
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"The 1991 adoption of the Windhoek Declaration in Namibia ushered in a continent-wide commitment to supporting independent media in Africa. Despite initial progress, including the establishment of the regional Media Institute for Southern Africa (MISA), independent media in the region continues to s
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uffer. Increasing attacks on independent journalism, the co-option of media outlets by political and economic interests, and the growing problem of disinformation is compromising the viability of independent media in the region. The strong foundation of regional cooperation in Southern Africa that began at Windhoek has also suffered. However, there remains strong enthusiasm among media actors in Southern Africa to reignite a regional network to promote solidarity, address the myriad challenges independent media in the region face, and articulate an African vision and agenda for media development. A regional coalition can help set norms and standards for democratic media by tapping into the leverage points and frameworks of regional institutions and amplifying national-level priorities in regional and global debates. Countries with stronger environments for independent media can support the reform agendas of restrictive countries through knowledge sharing and joint advocacy. For a coalition to be effective, it needs clear goals and a decentralized structure that avoids imposing hierarchy or encouraging unhealthy competition over funding." (Key findings)
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"The Access to Information Program (A2I) was a five-year Central Asia regional program funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Internews under Cooperative Agreement 176-14-00005 from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2019. During the first phase of
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the project (2014-2017), Internews implemented activities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The second phase focused on activities in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan only, while Kyrgyzstan’s media sector was supported with a new standalone project. The project aimed to strengthen the long-term sustainability of targeted media outlets, facilitate regional cooperation and conduct a number of activities designed to promote the modernization of newsrooms throughout the region, improving the financial viability of media, and increasing access to information that will keep government institutions accountable to citizens. A2I activities were implemented toward the following Project Goal: Increase citizen access to civically-relevant information in order to improve governance outcomes. From October 1, 2014 until September 30, 2017, the project was based around the following four objectives: Objective One: Increased regional cooperation to improve the competitiveness of non-state media outlets through content generation and sharing; Objective Two: Increased resilience of independent media to survive the impending treaty mandated shift to digital broadcasting across Central Asia; Objective Three: Professional standards for diverse and sustainable media voices; Objective Four: Improved legislative and policy environment. In 2017, USAID awarded Internews a two-year cost extension, under which the program goal remained the same, but the objectives were slightly adjusted to reflect the changing environment and needs of the media community in Central Asia." (Executive summary)
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"Realizing the immense power of the electronic media, FES started to initiate and support the development of national broadcasting systems and regional exchange networks some 20 years ago. In cooperation with Eurovision, the mother of all television exchange systems, FES helped to establish Asiavisi
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on, Arabvision and Afrovision, thus linking the continents via a global network. In 1987, the Caribbean Broadcasting Union (CBU) also asked for assistance. As usual, the Lost Paradise between North and South America had not been high on the agenda. And there was not much hope that these tiny rocks in the Caribbean Sea, scattered over an area the size of Western Europe from the North Cape to Gibraltar, could ever be linked via regional television and included in the global exchange. Still we tried, and we succeeded. This is the story of a very special effort in development aid: "Television in Paradise". (Prologue)
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"L'Eurovision a agrandi la Communauté Européenne qui unit 21 pays européens mais également des pays nord-africains — Il est très important que l'Europe dispose de son propre satellite — L'Europe se doit d'être présente en Afrique d'ici quelques années, car les satellites américains et s
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oviétiques offriront leurs images à ce continent." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 614, topic code 49)
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"L'auteur met l'accent sur l'apport qu'aurait le jumelage de journaux comme on l'a fait pour des villes — Le partenaire occidental pourrait dispenser des conseils rédactionnels et même organiser des échanges périodiques de personnel, ce même journal permettrait une connaissance directe et app
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rofondi d'au moins une nation en pleine émancipation." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1021, topic code 163.20, 19)
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"Considérations générales — Choix du système du réseau de diffusion — Centres de production de programmes TV — Réception des programmes — Assistance technique et formation du personnel. [Document de travail, 9 nov. 1962. Contribution à: La Conférence des Nations Unies sur l'Applicati
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on de la Science et de la Technique dans l'Intérêt des Régions peu Développées, Genève, dú 4 au 20 février 1963. E/Conf. 39/L/72. Point de l'ordre du jour: 2.2.1]" (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 871, topic code 431)
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"Cooperation between journalists from East Africa and from international press associations — Financial interests — The case of Tanganyika." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 713, topic code 133)