"[...] pour lutter contre les affres du sous-développement, les autorités ont entrepris de réorganiser le secteur de la communication et décidé de la mise en œuvre d’une Politique nationale de communication pour le développement. C’est ainsi que, de 2000 à 2002, le Gouvernement, en parte
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nariat avec la FAO, le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’Enfance (UNICEF) et le Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement (PNUD), a fait établir un état des lieux de la communication au Niger. A cet effet, 10 études sectorielles et thématiques ont été effectuées. Des ateliers tenus dans chacune des huit régions du pays ont per mis de recueillir la perception par les communautés de base de la problématique de la communication pour le développement. En janvier 2002, à l’issue d’un atelier national qui a regroupé plus de 200 participants, le Niger a jeté les bases d’une véritable Politique nationale de communication pour le développement (PNCD). Cette politique nationale de communication pour le développement vise à instituer un système d’implication rationnelle et pérenne de tous les moyens de communication et de tous les acteurs au processus de développement économique et social. La PNCD prend en compte les aspirations des populations à la base, les atouts et faiblesses dans la mise en œuvre des stratégies et du plan d’action aux niveaux régional et national [...] La PNCD, qui prône une approche participative, contribuera à un plus large accès des populations au débat démocratique, au renforcement du dialogue social en vue de la réalisation des pro grammes prioritaires de développement du Niger (lutte contre la pandémie du Sida, lutte contre le paludisme et la poliomyélite, promotion de la bonne gouvernance). La PNCD accordera la plus grande priorité au développement rural en appuyant les actions visant à améliorer les secteurs sociaux (santé – éducation – alphabétisation), la préservation de l’environnement, le désenclavement des zones à fortes potentia lités, l’accès des femmes et des jeunes aux moyens de produc tion ainsi qu’à la promotion d’une communication institution nelle pour appuyer le secteur. Enfin, la PNCD se veut un document de référence unique pour les partenaires au développement du Niger (pays amis, organi sations non gouvernementales, institutions, associations et groupements des producteurs) dans le cadre de leurs interven tions dans le domaine spécifique de la communication pour le développement." (Préface, page ix-x)
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"It probably does not need saying again, but the media market in BiH is a mass. Not just because there are too many outlets fighting for an audience and seeking all too little available money, but because noone knows much with any accuracy. So claim and counter claim for audience share, coverage, ci
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rculation and advertising revenues contribute to the general prevailing atmosphere of suspicion and distrust. Undoubtedly many outlets will fail in the next few years, and it will be a challenge for all those who care about Bosnia to ensure those that do fail are not those who are making a genuine contribution to society. Ten years ago there was chaos in the media, and a great many of the outlets were pernicious; this was followed by a period of anarchy in which anyone could do what they liked – some of what blossomed then was reasonable, much was not. Now, there is some sort of stability. The electronic media is highly decentralised but print remains, in the main, centralised in the two entity capitals. There are a number of decent organisations close to sustainability. We believe support should continue to be focused on those who are, and who are also demonstrating, and continue to demonstrate, a genuine contribution to building democracy, to promoting open debate, and to helping to hold government, institutions and all centres of power, to account." (Conclusions, page 26)
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"Am Beispiel der Neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (NIKT) zeigt die Autorin, wie der damit einhergehende ökonomische, rechtliche oder soziokulturelle Wandel zu Globalisierung führen, aber nicht notwendigerweise auch zur Liberalisierung des Mediensystems. Denn die Regierung gewähr
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t nur Teilöffentlichkeiten Zugang zum Internet, allen voran den großen Firmen - das weite und "freie" Internet ist für den Großteil der Bevölkerung nicht erreichbar. Auch in Bezug auf die so genannten alternativen Medien fällt Massmanns Analyse wenig positiv aus: es gibt wenige alternative, liberale Medien unter dem Dach der katholischen Kirche, doch eine politisch anders denkende "Szene" kann sich nicht entwickeln, weil schlicht die ökonomischen Mittel fehlen. 'Das ist das Schizophrene am Handelsboykott der USA, der nun schon 40 Jahre andauert', so Massmann: 'indem diese Mittel nicht ins Land fließen, kann sich das System nicht von innen heraus verändern. Der Handelsboykott stabilisert das politische System'." (Rezension informationsdienst wissenschaft - idw-online.de, 3.11.2003)
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"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid
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e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2)
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"In these two volumes, readers will find comparative, in-depth essays on the press systems of 232 countries and/or territories. World Press Encyclopedia (WPE) is unique and valuable to users because, in addition to essays on each country’s press system, WPE also contains custommade graphs and stat
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istical tables, as well as regional maps, useful appendices, and an extensive index. This comprehensive, authoritative source of information allows for easy comparison between essays with a standard format or set of “rubrics” used whenever possible (see section titled “Essay Components”). Each essay also features basic data information—such as official country name, literacy rate, language(s), and number of daily newspapers—clearly marked with headings at the beginning of each entry. Additionally, WPE’s contributors include scholars, professionals, and educators from across the United States and around the world; each essay has a byline. Although this is the second edition, WPE has been completely reconceptualized and 100 percent revised from the first edition, which was published in 1982." (Introduction)
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"Emblematique du processus de mondialisation, le developpement des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication a bouleverse la configuration du paysage mediatique dans le monde arabe. Ce phenomene manifeste de maniere exemplaire une articulation inedite des espaces national, trans
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national et mondial dans un ensemble arabe tiraille entre multiples cadres de reference identitaire melant differentes versions du panarabisme et du panislamisme aux diverses allegeances communautaires et nationalistes. Aux politiques etablies differenciees de cloture et d'ouverture des territoires nationaux face a l'accroissement des flux informationnels repondent des pratiques sociales visant a contourner les contraintes de la censure et a construire de nouveaux modes de communication et de sociabilite qui contribuent a redefinir les echelles de la mondialite. Apres la proliferation des antennes paraboliques qui, au milieu des annees 1980, herissent les toits des habitations, c'est aujourd'hui la multiplication des cafes-internet qui constitue le principal marqueur spatial de la recomposition des horizons de reception. Des televisions satellitaires a internet, en passant par la communication publicitaire et les nouveaux modes de diffusion de l'ecrit, les etudes presentees dans cet ouvrage explorent les strategies economiques et politiques, les reglementations juridiques, les savoirs professionnels, les formes et les contenus mediatiques que suscitent ces nouveaux espaces de communication. Ce travail, fruit d'une recherche collective ayant reuni des chercheurs arabes et europeens, constitue le premier ouvrage en francais sur les evolutions recentes de la scene mediatique arabe." (Résumé)
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