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Nepal Media Landscape

Ujjwal Acharya

Maastricht (NL): European Journalism Centre (2018), 16 pp.

"Nepal’s media landscape is characterised by two important factors. First, the high number of radio stations that are spread across the country at a local level and have a greater reach to the overall population. As media researcher Badri Paudyal noted in the 2013 article Radio Broadcasting: Acces ... s and Functioning, the overall radio service in Nepal is established as a strong, popular and credible medium of information with a large following of listeners. In 2008, in an article titled Radio and the Recent Political Changes in Nepal, media commentator Pratyoush Onta cites radio’s large coverage, citizens’ access to radio, and the plurality in terms of language of broadcast as the main reasons for the popularity of radio as a mass media. Second, the mainstream newspapers that are mostly centered in the Kathmandu Valley, a combination of three administrative districts with the capital, Kathmandu, and have greater impact at the political level. The mainstream print newspapers are the agenda setters in Nepal. The overall print circulation is low because of the difficult geographical terrain, the high recurring costs for both publishers and readers, and the adult literacy rate at only around 60 percent of the population. Newspapers are mainly sold in the Kathmandu Valley and cities, thus having a greater impact on political and policy issues. The overall readership and the number of print newspapers are rising; however, these are competing for advertisements in a small, fragile economy for their revenues; many of them are also not profitable. The annual advertising market is estimated to be approximately 40m euro. There are muted accusations that media owners continue to lose money on newspapers to gain political or economic benefits in their other interests. However, the growing number of television stations and the digital news outlets are all set to change the dynamics of the media landscape in Nepal. More than a hundred televisions channels have received licenses for operation in a country of 29 million people. Although Nepal lacks reliable data on television viewership, many believe that televisions, especially the primetime news bulletins, have a large audience, yet they only receive around 20 percent of total advertising expenditures. Most of the television stations focus on news-based programming as they are relatively cheaper and easier to produce in the studio." (Overview) more

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Mapping Community Media Organisations in Cyprus: A Methodological Reflection

Chris Voniati, Vaia Doudaki, Nico Carpentier

Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 3, issue 1 (2018), pp. 17-32

"Identifying grassroots or ‘below-the-radar’ organisations, such as community media organisations, is a challenging task that is not always supported sufficiently by methodological literature. The objective of this article is to address this challenge by proposing a structured approach to mappin ... more

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African Media Barometer: Lesotho 2018

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2018), 54 pp.

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African Media Barometer: Cameroon 2018 = Barometre des médias africains: Cameroun 2018

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2018), 112 pp.

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Albanian Media Scene Versus European Standards: Report Based on Council of Europe’s Indicators for Media in a Democracy

Albanian Media Institute (ed.)

Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2018), 79 pp.

"This report, which follows the Council of Europe’s list of “Indicators for Media in a Democracy”, intends to provide an analysis of the current media situation based on the standards upheld by this list. The aim of this report is to raise awareness on the status of affairs in the media scene ... more

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Mapping the Ethiopian Media

Wazema Radio (2018), 16 pp.

"In a nutshell, the nascent print media of Ethiopia is in danger of a complete collapse. This is not the effect of the digital tsunami; it is primarily because of unprofessionalism and authoritarianism. Undoubtedly, the spread of mobile telephones and the Internet further endangers their existence. ... more

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African Media Barometer: South Africa 2018

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2018), 65 pp.

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Ethiopia in Transition: Hope Amid Challenges

Rashweat Mukundu, Finn Rasmussen

International Media Support (IMS) (2018), 22 pp.

"This report presents the findings of a media environment assessment in Ethiopia led by International Media Support (IMS) within the context of the present socio-political developments in the country [...] The specific objective of the mission was to carry out an assessment of the media landscape in ... more

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Relations Between Media and Politics in Albania

Rrapo Zguri

Tiranë: Albanian Media Institute; Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2017), 59 pp.

"During the transition years, Albania saw the establishment of a relatively complete legal framework for the protection and development of media freedom and independence. However, in many cases, the legal framework was delayed or a mechanical transplant of western legislation. Enforcement of legisla ... more

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Análisis del desarrollo mediático en República Dominicana: Basado en la aplicación de los indicadores de desarrollo mediático de la UNESCO

Olivo de León, Adalberto Grullón Morillo et al.

Paris; La Habana: UNESCO (2017), 203 pp.

"Este libro presenta y analiza el estado de los medios de comunicación y del ejercicio periodístico en la República Dominicana. Es el resultado de un proceso de investigación que abarcó dos encuestas nacionales: una en 1,200 hogares de todo el territorio nacional para medir el grado de credibil ... more

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Media Landscape: Slovakia

Andrej Školkay

European Journalism Centre (2017)

"The main source (63 percent) of information about national political issues for Slovak citizens is television broadcast. The second most relevant source of information is the Internet. As many as 23 percent of respondents considered the Internet as their primary source of information about national ... political issues in late 2015 (Eurobarometer 84, p.9). Considering newspaper-centric and television-centric media systems, Slovakia belongs to a group of countries that are below statistical range in both television and newspaper consumption (such as Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Ukraine). Traditionally, the most trusted source of information has been radio broadcast, in recent years closely followed by television broadcast. Yet, interestingly, radio broadcast was almost always a bit more trusted than television broadcast. Public radio broadcast was usually less politicised (or at least resistant to political pressures for longer, in the case of private radio, as it provided less biased news in the 1990s) and public radio broadcast had traditionally a higher quality of programmes. Curiously enough, sources on the Internet were more trusted than their ranking among primary sources of political information would suggest. Moreover, public trust in the media in Slovakia has constantly been above the EU average. There is a difference in the contribution to democracy shown by private and public media respectively, but there also is a difference in the contribution to democracy between printed media and electronic/digital media, etc. This is evident from a survey done by INEKO, a non-governmental organisation including some 80 local experts. Although this is not a representative survey, it is still a much better overview about the actual roles of different types of media than the opinion of a single expert. The printed media were seen as contributing most to democracy, followed by PSM radio, while PSM television broadcast seemed to be still contributing to democracy while being considered almost at a neutral (medium) standpoint. Similarly, private broadcasting was seen as “neutral” but with a slight tendency to damage democracy, while the contribution of social media to democracy was seen as slightly negative. There are two additional issues that can be interpreted from this survey. First, a politician, in this case the President of the state, can be seen as playing a more positive role than the media. Secondly, social media are seen as having a rather negative role in democracy. This issue will be discussed later on in detail. From the perspective of social and political impact, the Slovak public agora is influenced mainly by the major private television channel Markíza, the public television Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska - RTVS (Radio and Television Slovakia), and some of the key daily newspapers, especially Sme and Nový Čas. For example, the economic/business weekly Trend does not serve as an inter-media agenda setter. In other words, although it publishes a lot of scandals and corruption stories, these normally have no socio-political impact unless they are taken by some of the above mentioned agenda-setting media. For example, a major 2016 scandal nicknamed after its main negative hero, Bašternák, was brought to the public attention only in joint efforts by Denník N and weekly Trend. The media usually prefer the exclusivity of their news reports and only occasionally cooperate - in case of very sensitive issues - before making some scandals public." (Overview) more

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Media in Third-Wave Democracies: Southern and Central/Eastern Europe in a Comparative Perspective

Péter Bajomi-Lázár (ed.)

Paris; Budapest: L'Harmattan (2017), 238 pp.

"The media and political systems of former communist countries in Central/Eastern Europe share a number of similarities with those in Southern Europe. According to Karol Jakubowicz, these similarities also include late democratisation, a weak middle class, marked social and economic differences, a s ... more

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Media Sustainability Index 2017: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Sri Lanka

Washington, DC: IREX (2017), v, 25 pp.

"Despite political and economic progress, the media face increasing political influence and financial instability that threaten the future. This year panelists affirmed the current financial crisis that the media industry is facing. They noted its impact on media freedom and progress, as it relates ... more

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China's Media in the Emerging World Order
Deep Insights

Hugo de Burgh

Buckingham: University of Buckingham Press (2017), 259 pp.

"China is challenging the mighty behemoths, Google and Facebook, and creating alternative New Media. 750 million people are active on its Social Mediascape and there are a billion mobile phones deploying the innovative apps with which the Chinese conduct their lives. Though late starters, already fo ... more

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Médias au Sénégal: Entre mutations et contraintes

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS); Centre d'Etudes des Sciences et Techniques de l'Information (CESTI) (2017), 290 pp.

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Conceptualizing an African Media System: An Examination of Media and Politics in the Ethiopian Context

Menychle Meseret Abebe

Kristiansand (NO): NLA University College, Master Thesis (2017), x, 124 pp.

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Ethiopia Media Mapping

Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2017), 16 pp.

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Brazil: Media from the Country of the Future

Laura Robinson, Jeremy Schulz, Apryl Williams (eds.)

Bingley: Emerald Publishing (2017), xl, 393 pp.

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Médias et diversité au Proche-Orient: Etude de la couverture médiatique de la diversité dans les médias libanais, syrienes et irakiens

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation; Fondation Adyan; CFI (2017), 46 pp.

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Assessment of Media Development in Swaziland: Based on UNESCO's Media Development Indicators

Vuyisile Sikelela Hlatshwayo

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 133 pp.

"The overall conclusion is that there is an urgent need to address the specific legal framework and major technical and financial challenges identified in this study to ensure pluralism and media diversity in the Kingdom of Swaziland." (Page 10)

China's Media in the Emerging World Order Deep Insights

China's Media in the Emerging World Order
Deep Insights