"La principal información que la población migrante, refugiada y retornada manifiesta necesitar para su vida en Cali, Colombia es: 78.3% sobre necesidades primarias, como acceso a servicios de salud, techo y alimentación; 62.1% sobre medios de subsistencia, como información laboral, educación y
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participación en la vida comunitaria; 51.7% sobre información legal, como nuevas leyes migratorias, orientación para la protección de derechos humanos, orientación para registros civiles y amparo a NNA. Los migrantes también han encontrado la mayoría de las barreras en el acceso a los servicios en estas áreas. Tanto la salud como la educación son temas considerados de alta prioridad por los encuestados, especialmente en lo que respecta a los menores de edad." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 4)
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"This report presents findings from a country assessment undertaken to facilitate digital financial inclusion in Ethiopia and gives an overview of the current digital financial services landscape in the country. It also identifies some of the barriers to digital financial inclusion and suggests how
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they might be removed." (Executive summary)
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"1. Las lideresas comunitarias son el filtro informativo de servicios y ayudas que llegan a los asentamientos de Maicao [...] 2. El voz-a-voz como principal fuente de información y verificación [...] 3. El entretenimiento es el contenido de mayor consumo por encima del noticioso; este tipo de cons
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umo rápido se asocia a los índices de analfabetismo, la poca oferta informativa y las barreras estructurales [...] 4. El acceso a la información está limitado por la falta de infraestructura en los asentamientos [...] 5. A mayor edad, los canales digitales se utilizan como medio tradicional de llamadas, pero se referencia el uso de otros canales como la televisión y radio para buscar información [...] 6. Si bien los canales digitales como Whatsapp y Facebook son los predilectos, las personas confían más en la información que proviene de medios tradicionales, como la radio y la televisión [...] 7. La población proveniente de Venezuela tiene necesidades de información insatisfechas que afectan el acceso a servicios básicos y medios de subsistencia en Maicao ..." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 4 ff)
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"This report advances the Meaningful Connectivity framework as a way to support more inclusive societies and strengthen digital economies. It measures the gap in the number of people with just basic internet access and those with meaningful connectivity and examines what this digital divide means fo
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r people’s online experiences. The framework focuses on four pillars: 4G-like speeds, smartphone ownership, daily use, and unlimited access at a regular location, like home, work, or a place of study. This report looks at nine low and middle income countries (Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa), using mobile phone surveys to estimate the number of people with meaningful connectivity in each. We found that, on average, only one in ten people in these countries have meaningful connectivity. This compares with just under half who have basic internet access, by latest official figures." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"It aims at providing a holistic view of digital transformation in the agriculture sector of 47 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The region’s digital agriculture landscape is assessed through six key themes, namely: infrastructure, digital penetration, policy and regulation, business environment,
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human capital and agro-innovation. Beyond the analysis of the region against the six focal themes, the report presents both the status-quo and challenges faced by countries in their digital transformation journeys, which can assist policymakers to identify possible areas of intervention to drive the process of agricultural digitalization in the region. It highlights the need to strengthen digital infrastructure for universal connectivity, to connect the unconnected in sub-Saharan Africa and to support the integration of digital technologies to advance digital agricultural transformation." (Foreword)
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"This report provides an overview of approaches and business models that are improving the affordability of handsets for various underserved populations in LMICs. It explores some of the nuances among these groups, considerations for meeting their different needs and variations between markets in Su
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b-Saharan Africa and South Asia. It also provides practical recommendations for stakeholders to make internet-enabled devices more affordable and an analysis of how the policy environment can contribute." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"Afrobarometer finds that most Africans own a mobile phone and have access to a mobile phone network. However, fewer than half own a mobile phone with Internet access, and even fewer have access to a computer. This translates to low levels of Internet use in many countries. Lack of Internet access a
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nd use is far more common among women and people who are rural, older, less wealthy, and/or less educated. There is also a sizeable gap between LDCs and more developed countries." (Summary, page 1-2)
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"Fernanda R. Rosa explores the Indigenous networks, principles, and practices of internet infrastructure building and sharing in Tseltal and Zapoteco sovereign territories in Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico. More specifically, she uses the concept of shared networks to examine “the first mile signal-sh
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aring practices” (page 8) among these underserved Indigenous communities and highlight their active participation in designing their own first mile infrastructure as “internet codesigners” (page 8). The paper draws on extensive fieldwork that Rosa conducted in 2017 among different institutions and actors in Chiapas and Oaxaca - two states with the lowest Internet connectivity rates in Mexico - and illuminates it is the local community members, rather than the big internet service providers (ISP), that truly drive the first mile internet connection." (https://www.asc.upenn.edu)
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"This compact, accessible guide unpacks a number of key digital justice issues and looks at how digital communication impacts marginalized peoples and groups. Case studies, facts and figures, discussion questions, and suggested readings offer tools for reflection and action. For use by individuals o
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r groups, the Study and Action Guide includes chapters on the digital divide; access to digital spaces; weaponization of digital resources; surveillance, censorship, and privacy; digitality and marginalized peoples." (Publisher description)
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"In sub-Saharan Africa, 495 million people (46 percent of the population) subscribed to mobile phones in 2020, however, the cost of accessing the internet is very high and many African Governments are renowned for restricting access to the internet to limit critics and their opposition through inter
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net shutdowns, especially ahead of elections. There is widespread government surveillance in many countries in Africa without sufficient legal basis. In Zimbabwe, for example, the interception of private communications is permitted without a warrant issued by a court; instead, the Minister of Transport and Communication has the power to order such surveillance. Many countries in Africa and around the world have passed cybercrime legislation in recent years or are about to do so. There is great concern that many of these laws over-reach their legitimate aim, lack clear definitions and are susceptible to being used for regulating online content and restricting freedom of expression." (Page 1)
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"Este trabajo de investigación examina el surgimiento de las redes compartidas en comunidades tseltales y zapotecas de Chiapas y Oaxaca (México): la primera milla de señal de internet compartido que articulan la infraestructura de interconexión y los valores de convivencia para extender el inter
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net a zonas donde los servicios de los grandes proveedores de internet existentes no son satisfactorios o no están disponibles. En los estudios de caso analizados, los pueblos indígenas se convierten en co-diseñadores de internet al crear la infraestructura de sus propias redes locales e interconectarse con el internet global. Este documento sostiene que se materializa un híbrido a nivel de la interconexión de redes cuando la comunalidad o la forma de estas comunidades, apoyada en frecuencias sin licencia del espectro electromagnético, torres, antenas de radio, tejados de casas, routers y cables, se une a los valores de los proveedores de servicios de internet y a sus políticas. Las redes compartidas son el resultado de lo que estos arreglos establecen y limitan así como la evidencia de las vívidas luchas de las redes indígenas latino-céntricas hacia un internet pluriversal." (Resumen)
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"1. Women’s uptake of mobile internet in lowand middle-income countries continues to increase, but the rate of adoption has slowed. Across low- and middle-income countries, 60 per cent of women now use mobile internet. Only 59 million additional women in low-and middle-income countries started usi
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ng mobile internet in 2021 compared to 110 million in 2020. This is significant since mobile remains the primary way most people access the internet, especially women. 2. The mobile internet gender gap had been reducing, but progress has stalled. Across low- and middle-income countries, women are now 16 per cent less likely than men to use mobile internet, which translates into 264 million fewer women than men. By comparison, the mobile internet gender gap in low- and middle-income countries was 25 per cent in 2017 and 15 per cent in 2020. The gender gap is widest in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and has remained relatively unchanged in all regions since 2017 except South Asia. In South Asia, the mobile internet gender gap had narrowed significantly, from 67 per cent in 2017 to 36 per cent in 2020, but has now widened to 41 per cent. This is due to continued increase in mobile internet adoption among men but no notable increase among women, particularly in India where men’s mobile internet use increased from 45 per cent to 51 per cent while women’s has remained flat at 30 per cent. 3. The gender gap in smartphone ownership has widened slightly. Over the past five years, the gender gap in smartphone ownership had been reducing year on year across low- and middle-income countries, from 20 per cent in 2017 to 16 per cent in 2020. Women are now 18 per cent less likely than men to own a smartphone, which translates into 315 million fewer women than men owning a smartphone. This year’s increase has been driven by an increase in the smartphone gender gap in South Asia, as well as a continued increase in the smartphone gender gap in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, once women own a smartphone, their awareness and use of mobile internet is almost on par with men [...]" (Key findings)
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"This publication is a collection of a variety of outlooks, recommendations, and input from the participants of the 2020 workshop [for fellows of the CrossCulture Programme (CCP) of the Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen] and others. On the subject of digital access, CCP alumnus Camilo Olea speaks ab
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out the digital divide in Mexico and how his organisation is providing access to indigenous rural communities. The German NGO Superrr demands an open digital infrastructure and more open-source software for a more inclusive digital sphere. Ali (name changed), a Bangladeshi journalist and CCP alumnus, gives an overview of the current state of free speech in Bangladesh. CCP alumna Hend Kheiralla from Sudan shares her view on the role of social media during the Sudanese Revolution and the impact of the internet shutdown. Having experienced severe discrimination online herself, a CCP alumna from Jordan talks about her experiences and the impact of attacks as well as strategies for dealing with them. Love Storm, a German NGO that focuses on countering hatred online, suggests specific measures we can start using directly to create a safe and inclusive online space for everyone." (Editorial, page 3)
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"This book investigates the ways in which the mobile telephone has transformed societies around the world, bringing both opportunities and challenges. At a time when knowledge and truth are increasingly contested, the book asks how mobile technology has changed the ways in which people create, disse
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minate, and access knowledge. Worldwide, mobile internet access has surpassed desktop access, and it is estimated that by 2022 there will be an excess of 6 billion mobile phone users in the world. This widespread proliferation raises all sorts of questions around who creates knowledge, how is that knowledge shared and proliferated, and what are the structural political, economic, and legal conditions in which knowledge is accessed. The practices and power dynamics around mobile technologies are location specific. They look different depending on whether one chooses to highlight the legal, social, political, or economic context. Bringing together scholars, journalists, activists and practitioners from around the world, this book embraces this complexity, providing a multifaceted picture that acknowledges the tensions and contradictions surrounding accessing knowledge through mobile technologies. With case studies from Hong Kong, South Korea, India, Syria, Egypt, Botswana, Brazil, and the US, this book provides an important account of the changing nature of our access to knowledge, and is key reading for students, researchers, activists and policy makers with an interest in technology and access to knowledge, communication, social transformation, and global development." (Publisher description)
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"This report provides an overview of trends and developments in ICT infrastructure, access and use in Africa, which includes 44 member states and is home to a population of 1.04 billion people. The report highlights changes in ICT adoption since the last World Telecommunication Development Conferenc
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e in 2017 (WTDC-17) and during the COVID-19 pandemic, tracks the evolution of regulation, and reviews progress and challenges in implementing the ITU regional initiatives for Africa. Its objective is to serve as a reference for the ITU membership in reviewing progress and identifying ICT development priorities in Africa." (Abstract)
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"We structured the report by beginning with an overview of the digital environment in the Philippines in 2020 before delving into the impact of technology on human rights: the key events, challenges and accomplishments, then a forecast of 2021 and 2022. These are divided into the following key thema
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tic areas: Internet Access; Gender and Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs); Privacy and Data Protection; Freedom of Expression. This report is based on the Foundation for Media Alternatives’ (FMA) monitoring of situations where technology impacted human rights in the country. It covers the months of January to December 2020, and the analysis and scoping is conducted using secondary resources such as news articles, press releases and reports." (About this report, page 2)
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"El análisis de la información parece confirmar de manera contundente la existencia de concentración en Internet en Argentina, en manos de pocas empresas en cada una de sus categorías: 1. Acceso a Internet fija: El Grupo Clarín concentra casi la mitad del mercado de acceso a servicios de Intern
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et fijo (46%). Un índice CR2 contando a sus empresas y Telefónica ya mostraría un elevado nivel de concentración del 61%. El CR4 se encuentra en torno al 80% incluyendo a los grupos Telecentro y Supercanal. 2. Acceso Internet móvil: Tres empresas concentran casi el 100% del mercado de acceso a servicios móviles. Este mercado se organiza en torno de tres grandes operadores: Claro (América Móvil), Movistar (Telefónica) y Personal (Telecom, del Grupo Clarín), que se reparten en aproximadamente tres partes: 36,8% para la mexicana Claro, 33,9% para Personal/Clarín y el 29,4% para la española Movistar [...]" (Conclusiones)
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"El análisis de la información disponible para identificar si existe concentración en Internet en manos de pocas empresas en Chile muestra evidencias contundentes que pueden resumirse de la siguiente manera: 1. Acceso a Internet fija: Cuatro empresas concentran el acceso a servicios de Internet f
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ijo en 85,8% (CR4), si se suma la participación de Movistar, VTR, Claro y GTD. Pero sólo dos de estas empresas (CR2) acumulan el 64,7% de los contratos (Movistar y VTR). 2. Acceso Internet móvil: Cuatro empresas concentran el 97,3% del mercado de acceso a servicios de Internet móvil en Chile (Entel, Movistar, Claro y Wom) [...]" (Conclusiones)
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"El análisis de la información disponible sobre ocho indicadores de concentración en Internet en Colombia muestra que en casi todas ellas unas pocas empresas tienen una posición dominante en el mercado o servicio relevado: 1. Acceso a Internet fija: Las cuatro empresas de telecomunicaciones más
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importantes acumulan un 82% del mercado de acceso a Internet fija en Colombia. Los operadores son Claro (América Móvil), UNE Tigo (Millicom y EPM), Movistar (Telefónica) y ETB. 2. Acceso Internet móvil: Los cuatro primeros operadores acumulan el 96% del total (CR4). Estas empresas son Claro (América Móvil), Movistar (Telefónica), UNE Tigo (Millicom y EPM) y Avantel [...]" (Conclusiones)
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"Governments are missing out on hundreds of billions of dollars because of the digital gender gap. Closing this gap in the next five years gives policy makers a $524 billion USD opportunity. Across the world, millions of people are still unable to access the internet and participate online — and w
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omen are disproportionately excluded. Men are 21% more likely to be online than women globally, rising to 52% in Least Developed Countries. Various barriers prevent women and girls from accessing the internet and participating online, including unaffordable devices and data tariffs, inequalities in education and digital skills, social norms that discourage women and girls from being online, and fears around privacy, safety, and security. While digital exclusion limits the opportunities for those women and girls unable to connect, it also has broader societal and economic impacts that affect everyone." (Executive summary)
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