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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Namibia

Dennis Reineck

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 25 pp.

"Young Namibians are embracing the digital transformation, according to indicative findings from the present MIL INDEX country study. Interestingly, the youths that took part in eight focus groups conducted at the end of 2018 in Windhoek and Rundu are immersed in digital communication but are aware ... of the ambivalent nature of the news and information sources they find on social media and related Internet services. The importance of a critical mindset when navigating the World Wide Web was stressed by the eight experts interviewed as part of the study. This MIL INDEX study addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) according to DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. The focus groups conducted for this study reveal that there is a rural/urban divide in terms of access and use of media. The more rural (and older) groups use radio and television on a regular basis, while the more urban (and younger) groups tend to regard traditional media as yesterday’s media. This shift is in line with the rise of social media. Information uptake is coincidental and journalistic content is intermingled with all sorts of trivia when consumed in social networks. Smartphones are regarded by many as a substitute for newspapers, radio, and television. Amongst those who continue using traditional media, radio is turned to more often for information while TV is regarded more as an entertainment medium. Considering analytical skills, there is a certain disenchantment of the Namibian youths with journalistic media, the reporting being considered not close enough to the interests and issues of the youth. But it was interesting to find that the focus group participants’ appraisal of media in terms of trustworthiness is the exact opposite of their consumption patterns. While the discussions documented frequent use of social media these are evaluated as least trustworthy, whereas newspapers are rated highly on the trustworthiness scale but were hardly ever read. There is an awareness of the ambivalent quality of news and information on social media, but the youths cannot always name sources they consider produce high-quality information. The results in the reflection dimension are ambivalent. The youths can recount numerous cases of cyberbullying and disinformation (“fake news”). But the accompanying survey shows that while they reject hate speech and disinformation, there is a certain willingness to accept cyberbullying as given. This is echoed in the focus groups where participants’ advice is often to ignore hateful messages, rather than do something about them. However, the groups do discuss many other strategies in coming to terms with and combatting cyberbullying and disinformation. Rarely do they reflect the motivations that lie behind such behavior. It was also interesting to note that disinformation is mainly discussed with regards to online rather than traditional media." (Executive summary) more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Uganda

Dennis Reineck, Luise Krumm

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 25 pp.

"Young Ugandans are reluctant to voice their concerns and take part in public discussions according to indicative findings from the MIL INDEX country study presented here. The eight focus groups conducted for the study in Kampala and Bugembe early in 2019 revealed that youths are using both traditio ... nal and social media extensively, but discussions of political and public issues take place mainly in closed circles on platforms like WhatsApp. “It is a suffocated environment,” says media expert Gerald Businge. This MIL INDEX study is aimed at obtaining a concise picture of media- and information-related skills amongst youths under the age of 35 in Uganda. It addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) based on DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. The focus group participants see themselves living in the “the dot-com era” though access to the Internet and even television is far from universal in Uganda. The smartphone is the most popular device and it serves as a benchmark when judging more traditional media (radio, television, and newspapers). Social media are used alongside traditional media, but there is a feeling that traditional media, especially radio, are losing touch with the Ugandan youth of today. There is a general neglect of printed media, based on an aversion to long reads and often also difficulties in understanding them. Some participants feel they are addicted to social media and online messengers. When it comes to analytical skills, the Ugandan youths in the focus groups are not very critical of the media environment they live in despite the overwhelming evidence that state control, intimidation, and media concentration are problems in Uganda. But they do pick up on news bias and sensationalism. They are also aware of the fact that online sources and social media information should not be trusted blindly. Participants can differentiate between quality and tabloid-type media, but an alarming proportion does not know their constitutional right to freedom of expression. The level of reflection on the part of focus group participants is medium to low. They can render many cases of cyberbullying/hate speech, disinformation and cybercrime, though they are not always aware of the difference. Especially the examples of cyber-harassment that are recounted in the focus groups reveal that female youths are primarily targeted. At the same time there seems to be little in the way of counselling for victims and there was not enough reflection of the background to such malevolent forms of communication. Strategies in coping with them are not very elaborate, though some groups did mention methods of verification in the context of disinformation several times. There is considerable potential for support when it comes to dealing with cyberbullying, cyber-harassment, hate speech and cybercrime." (Executive summary) more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Ghana

Dennis Reineck, Luise Krumm

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 27 pp.

"Ghana’s youth is embracing digital. According to the representative survey conducted for DW Akademie’s MIL INDEX study, three quarters of 15-25-year-olds own a smartphone. Over 70 % report going online with a mobile phone as well as using Facebook and WhatsApp on a weekly basis. Use of several ... more

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Tenemos que hablar del porno: Guía para familias sobre el consumo de pornografía en la adolescencia

Paloma García Berrocal (coord.)

Save the Children (2020), 22 pp.

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Media Literacy Toolbox

Waltham: Education Development Center (2020), 63 pp.

Google Scholar (180)

WorldCat (165)

Diálogo de saberes en colectivos de comunicación

Angela Piedad Garcés Montoya (ed.)

Medellín: Sello Editorial Universidad de Medellín (2020), 262 pp.

"Esta publicación sobre diálogo de saberes en colectivos recoge el espíritu del diálogo de saberes para reflexionar sobre temas recientes en los procesos de agrupación juvenil y sus formas de apropiación de medios y territorios, pues resulta pertinente pensar la ciudad y a través de las diná ... more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Burkina Faso

Dennis Reineck, Luise Krumm

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 28 pp.

"Reliable, high quality information is a key priority for the young generation in Burkina Faso. Perhaps as a consequence of political insecurities and the prevalence of violent extremism, a majority of young people between 15 and 25 years seems very aware of the negative consequences of malevolent f ... more

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Media and Information Literacy Index. Country Report Côte D’Ivoire

Luise Krumm, Dennis Reineck

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2020), 27 pp.

"Young Ivorians are adept at using digital media. They are creative when it comes to using digital media and many have developed strategies to cope with media malpractices such as cyberbullying or hate speech. These are two significant, indicative findings from the present MIL INDEX country study. B ... oth seem very impressive considering the challenges of high illiteracy rates and the strongly politicized national media landscape in Côte d’Ivoire. The results of the study are drawn from eight focus groups conducted in the beginning of 2019 in Abidjan and Bouaké and interviews with eight local experts. They confirm that young people are very good at using and creating content on social media but urgently need better critical, analytical, and reflective skills. This MIL INDEX study is aimed at obtaining a concise picture of media- and information-related skills amongst youths under the age of 35 in Côte d’Ivoire. It addresses five dimensions of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) according to DW Akademie’s MIL model: access, analysis, reflection, creation, and action. In terms of access the focus groups conducted for this study reveal that young urban and semi-urban Ivorians use a variety of different media for purposes such as consuming information, communication, entertainment, education, or business information. Digital media, particularly social media platforms and instant messengers, are the most used and most popular among this age group and are generally preferred over traditional media. Nonetheless, radio and television are still valued for their auditory and visual input which are significant characteristics considering the high illiteracy rates of about 40,4 % present in Côte d’Ivoire (UIS, 2018). A divide between more urban and more rural regions is visible in the case of radio programs, which are more popular in more rural settings. The focus groups suggest this is due to the fact that local radio stations are often the only media which provide news relevant to more remote areas. Most other media show a tendency to focus only on news from the capital. Printed media are widely regarded as too costly and outdated by Ivorian youths. The results of the analysis dimension indicate that most focus group participants possess a good digital and media knowledge while at the same time many lack awareness of their rights to freedom of expression and access to information. Striking was that youths generally consider content provided by traditional media to be more trustworthy, but mainly consume social media content. This and often very loose definitions of what media quality means showed that there is still room for improvement when it comes to the young people’s analytical skills. Overall, urbanites seem to question the trustworthiness of media content slightly more than youths from more rural regions. Results from the reflection dimension confirm that Ivorian youths are constantly exposed to malevolent forms of communication and media malpractices such as cyberbullying, hate speech, sexual harassment, and disinformation. Most young people show strong abilities when it comes to recognizing media problems and using prevention or coping strategies to handle them. Exceptions are politically motivated disinformation and biased reporting which are taken as normal in the Ivorian context. Due to this tendency towards normalization only very few young people reflect critically upon this media malpractice. Reflection on a deeper level such as on the impact of media messages or motivations of news outlets is often missing among young people." (Executive summary) more

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Content Analysis of the Reflection of Media Literacy in Communication Curricula of Select Nigerian Universities

Elizabeth Titilayo Aduloju

World of Media: Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, issue 3 (2019), pp. 66-85

"This study analysed the media-literacy content in curricula of nine select universities in Africa’s most populous nation: Nigeria. Some key findings revealed that: (a) media-literacy courses proper were not on the curricula; (b) media-literacy-related courses, which stood as proxies, accounted fo ... more

External Link (195)

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users
Deep Insights

Dennis Reineck, Roland Schürhoff, Jan Lublinski

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 19 pp.

"While global youth is often referred to as a fairly homogeneous generation of digital natives, data drawn from a survey in Jordan, Moldova, and Uganda suggests that this is not the case. Based on an instrument for measuring digital and news literacy, this paper presents a typology of five personae: ... more

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MIL Fun Game

Association of Communication Scholars & Professionals of Nigeria (ACSPN) (2019), 1 p.

Google Scholar (144)

WorldCat (155)

Nachgefragt: Medienkompetenz in Zeiten von Fake News

Manfred Theisen

Berlin: Zentralen für Politische Bildung, Sonderausg. (2019), 130 pp.

"Jugendliche informieren sich heute primär digital. Umso wichtiger ist es, dass sie bei der Nutzung von digitalen Medien in der Lage sind, Nachrichten und Informationsquellen richtig einzuordnen und wahre von falschen Meldungen zu unterscheiden. Dieses Buch gibt kompetent Auskunft zum Thema. Google ... more

Google Scholar (165)

WorldCat (180)

Glaubwürdigkeit in Politik, Medien und Gesellschaft: 10 Bausteine für die schulische und außerschulische politische Bildung

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2018), 112 pp.

"Auf Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauen, auch auf die Allgemeingültigkeit grundlegender und verbindlicher Wertvorstellungen, gründet sich allerdings das Zusammenleben in der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Wo verbreitet Misstrauen herrscht, ist ein konstruktives Miteinander kaum noch möglich. Wenn Misstra ... more

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La competencia mediática de jóvenes de la ciudad de La Paz: Capacidades ciudadanas para la interacción con los medios y tecnologías de comunicación

René Jesús Zeballos Clavijo

La Paz: [author] (2017), 109 pp.

"Los jóvenes constituyentes del estudio -hombres y mujeres, estudiantes de primer año de licenciatura de la universidad pública y universidades privadas de la ciudad de La Paz- alcanzan el grado de competencia mediática Desfavorable, en la escala adecuada para la investigación. La categoría De ... more

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Media, Youth and Radicalization: The Role of Media and Digital Literacy in Countering Violent Extremism

Jad Melki

Beirut: Lebanese American University (LAU), Institute of Media Research and Training (IMRT); Media and Digital Literacy Acedemy of Beirut (MDLAB) (2017), 14 pp.

"This preliminary technical report examines the relationship between media uses of Lebanese youth and their potential attraction to extremism—broadly conceived. The study focuses on school students aged 14 to 18 and their teachers. It is based on 16 focus groups distributed across the country and ... more

Google Scholar (193)

WorldCat (167)

Grundbegriffe Medienpädagogik
Deep Insights

Bernd Schorb, Anja Hartung-Griemberg, Christine Dallmann (eds.)

München: kopaed, 6., neu verfasste Aufl. (2017), 493 pp.

"Die „Grundbegriffe Medienpädagogik“ haben seit ihrer ersten Auflage (1981) mehrere Neubearbeitungen und Auflagen erlebt. Nimmt man die verschiedenen Bände zur Hand, so wird deutlich, wie sehr sich unsere Lebenswelten unter den Bedingungen der fortschreitenden Mediatisierung verändert haben. ... more

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Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research

Séraphin Alava, Divina Frau-Meigs, Ghayda Hassan

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 161 pp.

"Based on a bibliometric and scientific study of research conducted in Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, the Arab world, parts of Africa and Asia on the links between the use of social media and the phenomena of radicalization, the Report analyzes more than 550 studies published i ... more

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To Have a Country, to Have a Say: Using Visual Methods to Explore Young Palestinians’ Lived Citizenship

Filipa Pestana

Nidaba, volume 2, issue 1 (2017), pp. 20-35

"Youth in Palestine have been framed as disengaged from politics, in comparison with their spectacular activism during the two intifadas, and as unaccomplished citizens, as a result of their political circumstances. This article addresses a rethinking of the notion of citizenship, in the context of ... more

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Kompass, Kante, Kompetenz: Warum es nicht genügt, über die Verrohung des Umgangs im Netz zu klagen

Marlis Prinzing

Communicatio Socialis, volume 50, issue 3 (2017), pp. 334-344

"Ein alberner Tweet kann den Job kosten, freizügiges Verhalten und Sorglosigkeit einem die Lust am Leben rauben: Der digitale Pranger kennt oft keine Vergebung und keine Gnade. Höchste Zeit umzudenken und zu differenzieren. Anhand von Studienbefunden wird die aktuelle Dimension dieses generationen ... more

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An Ethnographic Approach to Low-Income Youth's Engagement in Communication for Social Change

Leonardo Custódio

Commons: Revista de Comunicación y Ciudadanía Digital, volume 6, issue 1 (2017), pp. 113-129

"This article presents an ethnographic approach to how low-income Brazilians of impoverished urban areas have engaged in community journalism and media activism. Exploring empirical materials collected during a seven-year research process (2009-2016), the article has two main objectives. One is to a ... more

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users Deep Insights

Grundbegriffe Medienpädagogik Deep Insights

Zooming in on Media and Information Literacy: A Survey-Based Typology of Young Media Users
Deep Insights

Grundbegriffe Medienpädagogik
Deep Insights