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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
43
Censorship
34
Media Law & Regulation
32
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
28
Television
17
Media & Communication Policies
16
Politics and Media
14
Media Ownership
13
Journalism
13
Press
12
Audiences & Users
11
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
11
Internet
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
11
Radio
11
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
10
Social Media
10
Media, Mass Media
10
Public Media, State Media
10
Media Markets
9
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
9
Digital Media Landscapes
8
ICT Regulation
8
Digital Communication, Digital Media
7
News Websites & Portals
7
Journalism Education & Training
7
Political Transition and Media
7
Advertising
5
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
5
State Influence on the Media
5
Democratization
5
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Cinema
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Culture (General)
4
Economics of Media
4
Ethics in Media & Communication
4
History of Media & Communication
4
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
4
Politics
4
Propaganda
4
Newspapers
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
3
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
3
Intellectual Property
3
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Public Relations
3
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
3
Development and Media
3
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
3
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
3
Satellite Television
3
Journalists
3
News Agencies
3
Human Rights
3
Human Rights Violations
3
Licensing of Media
3
Music
3
Government
3
Influence of Media on Politics
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Media Effects
3
Television Programmes & Genres
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
2
Election Campaigns
2
Film Industries
2
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
2
Communication Rights
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Alternative Press
2
Cultural Identity
2
Mass Cultures
2
Subcultures
2
Social Change & Media / Communication
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Information Society
2
Diaspora Media
2
Racism in Communication & Media
2
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Education and Communication / Media
2
Training
2
History of Radio
2
International Communication
2
Foreign Correspondents
2
Foreign News, International News
2
International News Flow
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Business & Economics Journalism
2
Election Reporting
2
Media Assistance
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Television Landscapes
2
Civil Rights
2
Television Law & Regulation
2
Political Resistance
2
Political Systems
2
Democracy
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Television Production
2
Media Reception
2
Islam and Communication
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Society
2
Apartheid
2
Social Change
2
Informatics
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
Commercial Television
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Youth and Media
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Media Use: Families
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Books
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Publishing
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Catholic Church
1
Catholic Media
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Christian Communication
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Sects
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Action & Adventure Films
1
Horror Films
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Videos
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
1
Self-Censorship
1
Strategic Communication Planning
1
Community Media
1
Community Radios
1
Community Reporters, Media Volunteers
1
Traditional Communication
1
International Conflicts
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Jamming
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Violence in the Media: Effects on Youth
1
War Reporting
1
Contents of Media
1
Theatre
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Development
1
Cultural Influence
1
Cultural Processes
1
Cultural Pluralism
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Radio for Development
1
Convergence of Media
1
Cybercrimes
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Online Communication
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Facebook
1
TikTok
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Policies
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Press Distribution
1
Media Industries
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Economy
1
Economic Conditions
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Illiteracy, Non-Literate Persons
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Contamination, Pollution
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Environmental Protection
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Responsibility
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Gender & Religious Communication
1
Gender Relations
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History of Media: Colonial Period
1
History of Television
1
History of the Press
1
Nazism
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
World Information and Communication Order
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
UNESCO
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Local Journalism
1
News
1
News Reception
1
Television News
1
Political Reporting
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
African Languages
1
French Language
1
Local Press
1
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Presentation of Information
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Radio Policies
1
Television Policies
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
1
Press Law & Regulation
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
1
Media Management
1
Change & Process Management
1
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
1
Crowdfunding
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Government Policies
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Fascism
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Political Oppression
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Political Communication
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Public Spheres
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Magazines
1
Mirror (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Radio Production
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Commercial Radios
1
Oppression
1
Religion and Communication
1
Islamism
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Religion and State
1
Religious Populism
1
Analysis
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Violence
1
Civil Society
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Control
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Alternative Technologies
1
Digital Switchover
1
Computers
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
1
Telecommunications
1
Regional Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Audiovisual Communication
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Mapping Digital Media: Malaysia

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 120 pp.
"Two out of three Malaysians regularly use the internet (even though large areas of the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak, where nearly a fifth of the population lives, pose logistical challenges regarding infrastructure) and a third of the population have a 3G mobile subscription. Broadban ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Kenya

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 94 pp.
"In online journalism, the virtues associated with ethics—accuracy, honesty, truth, impartiality, fairness, balance, respect for autonomy of ordinary people—are barely respected, largely because there is no effective way of policing this, and there are no legal penalties. Concentration of owners ... more
"This report represents an effort to help with the process of evaluating media laws in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. As governments consider what policies to set up to deal with new realities, this research should help provide an understanding of the current landscape. When examining ... more
"Das Fernsehen ist für die Menschen in Russland die wichtigste politische Informationsquelle. Nach einer kurzen Periode der Freiheit Anfang der 1990er Jahre ist es erneut zum zentralen Pfeiler geworden, auf den die Staatsorgane ihre Macht stützen. Die drei größten Kanäle Perwyj Kanal, Rossija u ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Slovakia

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 89 pp.

Mapping Digital Media: Pakistan

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 113 pp.
"Pakistan has long suffered from high inflation, led by soaring food prices, which has increased poverty levels. According to the United Nations’ 2011 Human Development Report, half the population suffers deprivations of all types. Only half is literate. Even then there are only 12 million televis ... more

Changing Media and Politics in Tajikistan

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2013), 66 pp.

Democracy's Fourth Wave? Digital Media and the Arab Spring

Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press (2013), xiv, 145 pp.
"Philip N. Howard and Muzammil M. Hussain examine the complex role of the Internet, mobile phones, and social networking applications in the Arab Spring. Examining digital media access, level of grievance, and levels of protest for popular democratization in 16 countries in the Middle East and North ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Kazakhstan

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2013), 114 pp.
"The story of Kazakhstani media is of two contrasting dynamics: the increasingly controlled and innovation-shy offline space, and the vibrant, less-restricted digital environment. The rise of digital media has yielded benefits for citizens and democracy, albeit these are limited by the dominance of ... more

World Press Freedom Index 2013

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2013), 26 pp.
"Die Chefredakteurin des oppositionellen Magazins „ADAM reader’s“ berichtet, wie sie arbeitet und warum sie die Hoffnung auf Demokratie noch nicht aufgegeben hat." (Einleitung)
"For more than half a century, North Korea’s leaders have relied on a domestic media monopoly to control what information North Koreans can access and how narratives around that information are presented. But the situation on the ground is changing, thanks in large part to North Koreans’ expandi ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Digital Media, Conflict and Diasporas in the Horn of Africa

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 23 pp.
"The Horn of Africa is one of the least connected regions in the world. Nevertheless, digital media play an important social and political role in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia (including South-Central Somalia and the northern self-declared independent Republic of Somaliland). This paper shows how ... more

So This is Democracy? State of Media Freedom in Southern Africa 2011

Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2012), 214 pp.

Attacks on the Press in 2011: A Worldwide Survey

New York: Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (2012), 451 pp.
"This report has established that the jamming of Persian-language satellite TV channels is endemic in Iran, and is having adverse effects on both broadcasters and viewers alike. In Iran, satellite television is one of the few sources of news, entertainment, and commentary not controlled by the count ... more
"At the request of the Norwegian, Swedish and subsequently Danish Embassies in Bangkok, International Media Support (IMS) conducted an assessment of the current media environment inside Myanmar during two missions between July and November 2011. The assessment was motivated by a democratic reform pr ... more