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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
43
Censorship
34
Media Law & Regulation
32
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
28
Television
17
Media & Communication Policies
16
Politics and Media
14
Media Ownership
13
Journalism
13
Press
12
Audiences & Users
11
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
11
Internet
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
11
Radio
11
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
10
Social Media
10
Media, Mass Media
10
Public Media, State Media
10
Media Markets
9
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
9
Digital Media Landscapes
8
ICT Regulation
8
Digital Communication, Digital Media
7
News Websites & Portals
7
Journalism Education & Training
7
Political Transition and Media
7
Advertising
5
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
5
State Influence on the Media
5
Democratization
5
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Cinema
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Culture (General)
4
Economics of Media
4
Ethics in Media & Communication
4
History of Media & Communication
4
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
4
Politics
4
Propaganda
4
Newspapers
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
3
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
3
Intellectual Property
3
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Public Relations
3
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
3
Development and Media
3
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
3
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
3
Satellite Television
3
Journalists
3
News Agencies
3
Human Rights
3
Human Rights Violations
3
Licensing of Media
3
Music
3
Government
3
Influence of Media on Politics
3
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
3
Media Effects
3
Television Programmes & Genres
3
Access to Media & Information
2
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
2
Election Campaigns
2
Film Industries
2
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
2
Communication Rights
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Alternative Press
2
Cultural Identity
2
Mass Cultures
2
Subcultures
2
Social Change & Media / Communication
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Information Society
2
Diaspora Media
2
Racism in Communication & Media
2
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
2
Political Economy of Media
2
Education and Communication / Media
2
Training
2
History of Radio
2
International Communication
2
Foreign Correspondents
2
Foreign News, International News
2
International News Flow
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Business & Economics Journalism
2
Election Reporting
2
Media Assistance
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Television Landscapes
2
Civil Rights
2
Television Law & Regulation
2
Political Resistance
2
Political Systems
2
Democracy
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Television Production
2
Media Reception
2
Islam and Communication
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Society
2
Apartheid
2
Social Change
2
Informatics
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
Commercial Television
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Youth and Media
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Media Use: Families
1
Mobile Phone Use
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Books
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Publishing
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Catholic Church
1
Catholic Media
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Christian Communication
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Sects
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Action & Adventure Films
1
Horror Films
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Videos
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Secret Services, Intelligence Services
1
Self-Censorship
1
Strategic Communication Planning
1
Community Media
1
Community Radios
1
Community Reporters, Media Volunteers
1
Traditional Communication
1
International Conflicts
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Jamming
1
Violence in the Media
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Violence in the Media: Effects on Youth
1
War Reporting
1
Contents of Media
1
Theatre
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Development
1
Cultural Influence
1
Cultural Processes
1
Cultural Pluralism
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Radio for Development
1
Convergence of Media
1
Cybercrimes
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Online Communication
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
1
Facebook
1
TikTok
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Policies
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Press Distribution
1
Media Industries
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Economy
1
Economic Conditions
1
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Illiteracy, Non-Literate Persons
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Contamination, Pollution
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Environmental Protection
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Responsibility
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Gender & Religious Communication
1
Gender Relations
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Colonial Legacies
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History of Media: Colonial Period
1
History of Television
1
History of the Press
1
Nazism
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
World Information and Communication Order
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
UNESCO
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Local Journalism
1
News
1
News Reception
1
Television News
1
Political Reporting
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
African Languages
1
French Language
1
Local Press
1
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Presentation of Information
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Radio Policies
1
Television Policies
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
1
Press Law & Regulation
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
1
Media Management
1
Change & Process Management
1
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
1
Crowdfunding
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Government Policies
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Fascism
1
Hindu Nationalism
1
Political Oppression
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Political Communication
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Public Spheres
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Magazines
1
Mirror (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Radio Production
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Commercial Radios
1
Oppression
1
Religion and Communication
1
Islamism
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Religion and State
1
Religious Populism
1
Analysis
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Violence
1
Civil Society
1
Networks & Networking
1
Social Control
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Alternative Technologies
1
Digital Switchover
1
Computers
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Open Source Software
1
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
1
Telecommunications
1
Regional Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Audiovisual Communication
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"Unlike most nations in southern Africa, Zimbabwe has not seen the expansion in community radio stations that has been characteristic of the region from the 1990s. A number of community radio initiatives (CRIs) were formed after the 2001 Zimbabwean Broadcasting Services Act (BSA), but no licences we ... more

So This is Democracy? State of Media Freedom in Southern Africa 2010

Windhoek: Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) (2011), 218 pp.

Frontiers of Censorship: North Korea Investigation Report

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2011), 14 pp.

@crossroads: Democratization and Corporatization of Media in Indonesia

Tempe, Ariz.: Arizona State University, Participatory Media Lab;Ford Foundation (2011), 32 pp.

Voiceless Glasnost: Responding to Government Pressures and Lack of a Free Press Tradition in Russia

In: The Handbook of Global Communication and Media Ethics
Robert S. Fortner; Mark Fackler (eds.)
Chichester: Wiley Blackwell (2011), pp. 677-699

Attacks on the Press in 2010: A Worldwide Survey

New York: Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (2011), 431 pp.
"If the Kremlin should not be held directly responsible for ordering murders against journalists, it certainly bears responsibility for the atmosphere of lawlessness that reigns in Russia. Today’s Kremlin doesn’t mind free and critical voices as long as they remain politically irrelevant and hav ... more

Mapping Digital Media: Research Template

London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2010), 39 pp.

The Private Media in Syria

The Hague; Amsterdam: Hivos;University of Amsterdam, Department of Political Science (2010), 12 pp.
"This working paper is about the private media in Syria. A new publishing law was passed in 2001, which allowed the private sector to re-enter the media industry, having been banned from it since 1963. The relatively high number of approved publications since 2001 provides the Ministry of Informatio ... more

Attacks on the Press in 2009: A Worldwide Survey

New York: Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (2010), 359 pp.

Medienkontrolle durch Medienbesitz? Presse, Rundfunk und Internet in Saudi-Arabien

In: Saudi-Arabien: ein Königreich im Wandel?
Ulrike Freitag (ed.)
Paderborn: Schöningh (2010), pp. 107-134
"[...] ist es nicht weiter erstaunlich, dass das Königreich auf der Rangliste zur Medienfreiheit der Reporter ohne Grenzen im vergangenen Jahr Platz 163 von 175 untersuchten Ländern belegte.2 Dass Saudi-Arabien in der arabischen Medienlandschaft aber dennoch ein Spieler der allerersten Liga ist, i ... more

Journalism Education in Countries with Limited Media Freedom

New York: Peter Lang (2010), xiii, 263 pp.
"Since the 1990s journalism education programs have expanded exponentially around the world, but media freedom has not. Globally comparative, this edited volume assesses journalism education and the challenging environment in which it is delivered in countries with a partly free or not free status a ... more
"To understand the potential implications of Putin’s media strategy, it is useful to recall the rule and fall of Peru’s Alberto Fujimori. Like Putin, Fujimori used the wealth and power at his disposal to emasculate much of the country’s media. Also like Putin, however, he stopped short of impo ... more