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EdTech for Learning in Emergencies and Displaced Settings: A Rigorous Review and Narrative Synthesis

Michaelle Tauson, Luke Stannard

London: Save the Children; DANIDA (2018), 75 pp.

"The purpose of this report is to build an understanding of ‘what works’ in Educational Technology (EdTech) to ensure that children can learn in crisis or displaced settings. The field of EdTech is vast and has influenced almost every facet of modern educational delivery. This report will focus ... more

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Unbeatable? Debates and Divides in Gender and Video Game Research

Carloyn Cunningham

Communication Research Trends, volume 37, issue 3 (2018), pp. 4-29

"In this review essay, I will chart the history of video game technology, the emergence of game studies as a field, provide an overview of the key aspects of gender and video game research, and highlight key debates in gender and video games research." (Page 5)

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The European media discourse on immigration and its effects: A literature review

Jakob-Moritz Eberl, Christine E. Meltzer, Tobias Heidenreich et al.

Annals of the International Communication Association, volume 42, issue 3 (2018), pp. 207-223

"To understand public opinion about immigration in Europe, one has to understand the media’s role in it. We present a literature review on research on media discourse on immigration and their effects. Despite differences in the way immigration and migrant groups are represented in European media, ... more

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Evaluating the impact of information campaigns in the field of migration: A systematic review of the evidence, and practical guidance

Jasper Tjaden, Sandra Morgenstern, Frank Laczko

Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM); Global Migration Data Analysis Centre (GMDAC) (2018), 50 pp.

"Information campaigns designed to raise awareness of the potential risks of (irregular) migration have attracted much attention and investment across the world in recent years. Studies have repeatedly shown that many migrants start their journeys with limited or biased information and end up in vul ... nerable situations. In response, information campaigns have increased in number and the type, format, messages and strategy of such campaigns have diversified. This report presents the results from a systematic literature review of evaluations of such information campaigns in the field of migration. The study reveals that the evidence base available for programming and policymaking in this area is strikingly limited. We find that the uptake in the use of information campaigns has far outpaced any rigorous assessment of the effects that different campaigns may have on their respective target groups. In the absence of reliable evidence, the debate on the potential of this policy tool often relies on largely anecdotal evidence. Better evidence can show how information campaigns can be designed to best achieve their intended effects given the particular circumstances. The current lack of evidence limits the impact of future campaigns. While rigorous assessment of campaign impact can be difficult and costly, better evidence is clearly needed – wherever feasible and appropriate. Based on an extensive, systematic literature review, 60 relevant evaluations of information campaigns that targeted potential migrants and traffickers, as well as communities at large, were identified from a pool of 3,600 records. Only 30 of the selected campaign evaluations had publicly available results; the rest were collected through expert referrals. Two studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. Among the campaigns featured in the 60 studies, the most popular communication tools were workshop-type activities and cable TV programmes/advertisements. Most campaigns focused on trafficking, followed by irregular migration and, more generally, smuggling. A common issue is the lack of a clearly defined campaign objective and/or target group. This hampers any rigorous evaluation of programme effects. Whenever an objective is defined, it is most often aimed at “awareness-raising” and “knowledge generation.” The majority of the campaign evaluations claimed that the campaign under study was “successful” in inducing a change in knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and – to a lesser degree – (intended) behaviour. However, most of the evaluations reviewed provided relatively little evidence of the full impact of information campaigns. While many of the evaluations reported the number and profiles of campaign recipients or beneficiaries, impact was not directly measured. (In the evaluation literature, impact is defined as a change in outcome that is directly attributable to the programme and not any other factor.) Most of the evaluations identified did not meet minimum standards for robust evidence on programme effects. The large majority of evaluations were based on based on cross-sectional surveys of small numbers of participants (N) sampled at convenience, limiting the generalizability of the results. Only a few large-N studies employed a control-group design or involved pre- and post-measurements. None employed a (quasi-)experimental method for causal inference (e.g. randomized controlled trial, which is considered the “gold standard” for measuring impact)." (Executive summary) more

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Defining “Fake News”: A Typology of Scholarly Definitions

Edson C. Tandoc Jr., Zheng Wei Lim, Richard Ling

Digital Journalism, issue 6 (2018), pp. 137-153

"This paper is based on a review of how previous studies have defined and operationalized the term “fake news.” An examination of 34 academic articles that used the term “fake news” between 2003 and 2017 resulted in a typology of types of fake news: news satire, news parody, fabrication, man ... more

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What Works to Prevent Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls?
Deep Insights

Becky Faith, Erika Fraser

London: VAWG Helpdesk (2018), 16 pp.

"This document presents findings from a rapid review of available literature on what has worked to prevent cyber violence against women and girls. Key findings include: There is limited data on cyber violence against women and girls (VAWG) in general, and particularly on what works to prevent it [.. ... more

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Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature

Joshua A. Trucker, Andrew Guess et al.

Hewlett Foundation (2018), 95 pp.

"The following report is intended to provide an overview of the current state of the literature on the relationship between social media; political polarization; and political “disinformation,” a term used to encompass a wide range of types of information about politics found online, including � ... more

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Public Trust in Journalism: An Annotated Bibliography

E. McKewon

Sydney: University of Technology, Centre for Media Transition (2018), 77 pp.

"Part 1: Public Opinion Polls and Surveys, contains references to recent public opinion polls and surveys that measure public trust in journalism across dozens of countries and geopolitical regions including Australia, Africa, Asia, China, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and North America. Pa ... more

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Mapping the World's Digital Media Ecosystem: The Quest for Sustainability

James Breiner

In: What is Sustainable Journalism? Integrating the Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges of Journalism

Peter Berglez, Ulrika Olausson, Mart Ots (eds.)

New York et al.: Peter Lang (2018), pp. 257-276

"Over the past years, a range of different databases have been constructed, and research efforts have been made to find the key to making digital news ventures successful. Many of them have searched for best practices, or a secret recipe for a business model that would make the news business economi ... more

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What Does Closing Civic Space Mean for Development? A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework

Naomi Hossain, Nalini Khurana, Shandana Mohamand et al.

Institute of Development Studies (2018), 51 pp.

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Media Assistance: Review of the Recent Literature and Other Donors’ Approaches
Deep Insights

Mary Myers, Nicola Harford, Katie Bartholomew

iMedia Associates; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) (2017), 82 pp.

"The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) has commissioned iMedia Associates (iMedia) to conduct a Capitalisation Exercise (CapEx) of its media assistance, with the primary objective of examining its current programmes and bringing out lessons learned. As the second output of this CapE ... more

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Conceptual Evolution of the Digital Divide: A Systematic Review of the Literature Over a Period of Five Years (2010 – 2015)

Bhanu Bhakta Acharya

World of Media: Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies (2017), pp. 41-74

"Throughout the last twenty years the digital divide – a multidimensional concept – has evolved in a manner that takes account of various technological, socio-economic, socio-political, and socio-cultural considerations. The objective of this study is to access recent conceptualizations of the t ... more

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Publishing & the Book in Africa: A Literature Review for 2016

Hans M. Zell

Zell Publishing Consultants (2017), 74 pp.

"This is the second in a series of annual reviews of select new literature in English that has appeared on the topic of publishing and book development in sub-Saharan Africa. Extensively annotated and/or with abstracts, the present list brings together new literature published during the course of 2 ... more

Canadian Media and the Developing World: A Critical Mapping of Key Issues, Events, and Actors

Colette Brin, Josh Grinberg et al.

Aga Khan Foundation Canada (AKFC) (2017), 48 pp.

"The literature review indicates: media coverage remains the major source of news and information about the developing world for Canadians and can exert a strong influence over policymaking; there is a dearth of Canadian scholarship examining media coverage of international development issues; there ... more

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Digital Tools and Changing Behaviour in Relation to Violence Against Women

William Robert Avis

Birmingham: University of Birmingham, GSDRC (2017), 23 pp.

"Campaigns are likely to be more successful when they include messages about legal penalties for non-compliant behaviour and fresh information, and when they reach a large proportion of the intended audience. Digital campaigns must therefore work alongside laws and policies. Legislation can be a key ... more

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The Future of Learning and Technology in Deprived Contexts

Tim Unwin, Mark Weber, Meaghan Brugha, David Hollow

London: Save the Children (2017), 51 pp.

"This report has focused on predicting what basic education, the use of ICTs, and the ways that these technologies will contribute to education will look like by 2025, with a particular emphasis on the implication for those living in the most deprived locations. Three broad conclusions are appropria ... te. First, there is immense diversity, not only in education delivery but also in access to, and use of, ICTs. This will remain the case in 2025, and the resultant inequalities might well be very much worse than they are today. If current trends continue, then the use of technologies by the rich will be markedly different from the use of ICTs by the poor. The most deprived will continue not to have access to ICTs, will continue not to benefit from them, and will become relatively more disadvantaged. However, millions of slightly better off poor people will indeed be able to benefit from the potential that existing ICTs will be able to deliver over the next decade, especially in terms of access to educational content that may enable them to live more fulfilled lives. Second, for education systems to be improved, especially for the poorest and most marginalised children, there must be a fundamental rethinking of the vision for education in almost every country of the world. Educational change is slow, but some of those consulted for this report were optimistic, and thought that the pressure for change will soon become so high that governments will have to respond by instigating fundamental reforms. These, though, will be very expensive, and it still remains unclear how they will be funded and implemented. While the ICT sector is still likely to experience much rapid innovation, it is much more probable that the education sector will only evolve slowly. It is therefore also important that these technologies are used to enhance opportunities for learning everywhere, even where the education systems are slow to evolve. Third, there have indeed been many exciting and innovative uses of technology within education over the last two decades, and some of these are already being applied in contexts of both physical and socio-cultural deprivation. However, all too often those implementing ICTs initiatives in the education sector focus primarily on the technologies, rather than the education. If technology is indeed to be used to support learning, both in school and out of it, there needs to be a complete reversal of much current practice. The focus must be first on the education, and only then on the various technologies that can help deliver it." (Conclusions, page 20) more

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Connected for Development? Theory and Evidence About the Impact of Internet Technologies on Poverty Alleviation
Deep Insights

Hernan Galperin, Maria Fernanda Viecens

Development Policy Review, issue 3 (2017), pp. 315-336

"Based on the assumption that increased access to internet services boosts economic growth and improves the well-being of the poor, governments in both developed and emerging regions are heavily investing in internet connectivity projects. This article reviews the existing evidence as to the impact ... more

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Inclusive Rural Communication Services: Building Evidence, Informing Policy
Deep Insights

Rome: FAO; University of Queensland (2017), viii, 90 pp.

"This publication is the first scoping study aimed at compiling existing evaluation cases in the field of Communication for Development as applied to agricultural and rural development initiatives. It draws on a literature review and 19 cases across Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the Caribb ... more

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Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research

Séraphin Alava, Divina Frau-Meigs, Ghayda Hassan

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 161 pp.

"Based on a bibliometric and scientific study of research conducted in Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, the Arab world, parts of Africa and Asia on the links between the use of social media and the phenomena of radicalization, the Report analyzes more than 550 studies published i ... more

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Discriminación étnico-racial en medios de comunicación: Diagnóstico situacional

Marisol Castañeda Menacho, Silvia Lorena Chávarri De Los Ríos et al.

Lima: Ministerio de Cultura (2017), 134 pp.

"De acuerdo con los estudios de análisis de medios reseñados, se confirma con claridad que las poblaciones que sufren más discriminación de manera sistemática en los medios son las comunidades indígenas y afroperuanas. Por un lado, la población indígena es comúnmente representada en asociac ... more

What Works to Prevent Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls? Deep Insights

Media Assistance: Review of the Recent Literature and Other Donors’ Approaches Deep Insights

Connected for Development? Theory and Evidence About the Impact of Internet Technologies on Poverty Alleviation Deep Insights

Inclusive Rural Communication Services: Building Evidence, Informing Policy Deep Insights

What Works to Prevent Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls?
Deep Insights

Media Assistance: Review of the Recent Literature and Other Donors’ Approaches
Deep Insights

Connected for Development? Theory and Evidence About the Impact of Internet Technologies on Poverty Alleviation
Deep Insights

Inclusive Rural Communication Services: Building Evidence, Informing Policy
Deep Insights