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Language
19795
125
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2558
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39
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26
17
15
13
12
12
8
5
3
3
3
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2
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2
1
1
Countries / Regions
1487
1178
1134
851
801
795
652
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556
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451
417
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1
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Authors & Publishers
850
822
342
277
225
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201
167
159
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131
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113
99
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1
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1
1
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1
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1
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1
1
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
1
1
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1
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1
Media focus
10068
4993
1430
784
778
709
646
601
261
207
Publication Years
6454
7361
3439
992
478
319
556
171
23
2
Methods applied
584
513
502
479
373
169
93
89
31
28
28
27
26
13
9
9
6
5
3
1
1
1
Journals
172
113
99
99
90
76
76
74
67
65
45
44
42
42
41
39
38
38
37
36
30
29
29
28
28
25
23
22
22
21
20
18
18
18
17
17
17
16
16
16
15
15
15
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
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12
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12
12
12
11
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11
11
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
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9
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
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7
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
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6
5
5
5
5
5
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5
5
5
5
5
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5
5
4
4
4
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4
4
4
4
4
4
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4
4
4
4
4
4
4
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4
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4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
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2
2
2
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2
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2
2
2
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2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
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1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
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1
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1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
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1
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1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
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1
1
1
1
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1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Output Type
10512
4401
3512
715
242
197
183
25
Challenges and Developments in Public Service Journalism
London: University of Westminster (2025), xi, 297 pp.
"Challenges and Developments in Public Service Journalism, the 11th RIPE Reader, examines the role of public service journalism, as well as the opportunities and challenges of delivering it in today's increasingly complex and competitive digital media environment. The volume is organised in three pa
...
rts: 'Normative frameworks'; 'Platform Power, Artificial Intelligence and Public Service Journalism'; and 'National and Regional Cases' in Europe and beyond - especially Africa, Asia and India. The book addresses the formidable challenges facing public service journalism in the digital media ecology and provides rich and insightful analyses based on empirical research with findings that are relevant for policy interventions, developing organisational strategy, and for applied practice." (Publisher description)
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AI for Good Innovate for Impact. Interim Report 2025
Geneva: ITU (2025), xxxiv, 828 pp.
"Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the way we address complex societal challenges, offering new possibilities in areas such as healthcare, climate resilience, education, and digital inclusion. The Innovate for Impact project was launched in 2024 to identify, support, and showcase practical A
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The Routledge International Handbook of Online Deviance
London; New York: Routledge (2025), xxvii, 765 pp.
"Covering a wide range of different online platforms, including social media sites and chatrooms, this volume is a comprehensive exploration of the current state of sociological and criminological scholarship focused on online deviance. Understanding deviance broadly, the handbook acknowledges both
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an objective normative approach and a subjective, reactivist approach to the topic, putting into sharp relief the distinctions between cybercrime and online deviance on the one hand, and wider concerns of online communities related to online deviance on the other. Divided into five sections, the first section is devoted primarily to scholarship about the theories and methods foundational to exploring online deviance. The second section, "Gender, Sex, and Sexuality", presents empirical research on expressions of gender, sex, and sexuality in online spaces considered deviant. The third section, "Violence and Aggression," highlights scholarship on types of violent communications such as hate speech and cyberstalking. The fourth section, "Communities and Culture," describes empirical research on online communities and networks that can be described as deviant by wider society. Lastly, the fifth section, "Regional Perspectives," highlights research in which a terrestrial location is impactful to the online phenomena studied." (Publisher description)
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The USAID Crisis and Funding the Future of Independent Media
Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN), February 17 (2025)
"Independent nonprofit media around the globe suddenly find themselves at the center of a perfect storm of at least four new existential threats.
The sudden hold on USAID foreign assistance funding by the US Trump administration has frozen an estimated $268 million in agreed grants for independent
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media and the free flow of information in more than 30 countries, including several under repressive regimes — and much more lost for the future — throwing much of the nonprofit watchdog sector into crisis, and potentially leaving numerous reporters, contractors, and accountability projects without pay in the weeks ahead. This is in addition to devastating cuts to the agency’s public health and humanitarian programs around the world. Despite ongoing confusion and many legal challenges, several media grantees and experts told GIJN they regard this important funding as dead.
The ransacking of USAID systems by unaccountable private sector agents poses an urgent data security threat to journalists, according to development experts. They have warned that contact details of thousands of human rights defenders, media support actors, and journalists involved in US-funded projects in the past decades, as well as information on what they do and how they work, has fallen into hostile hands.
The USAID freeze and accompanying US administration social media attacks on officials and beneficiaries has fueled new threats and proposed criminal investigations by enemies of independent media in repressive nations. It has also amplified public smears against courageous networks holding bad actors accountable in the public interest.
The freeze further disrupts an already fractured sustainability environment in which some funders have slowly exited the sector, and in which policy changes at major social media and tech companies have suppressed distribution, promoted misinformation, and enabled harassment of independent media and its sources. The risk of self-censorship to lure future funding is yet another allied threat in this bully landscape.
Some of the gravest immediate threats are being faced by exiled outlets and independent media in places such as Ukraine, Cameroon, and throughout Central America. For example, Ukraine’s Slidstvo.info, an award-winning independent investigative agency, lost 80% of its funding in a single day in January, as its two respected intermediary funders reportedly confessed their own shock, and reluctantly but firmly warned the organization to immediately halt operations on the USAID money they disburse — including any use of grant money already in the outlet’s account." (Introduction)
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Navigating Trauma in African Journalism, Volume 2
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2025), xxiii, 262 pp.
"This second volume focuses on primary trauma experienced by journalists, with a particular focus on the gendered dimensions, as shared by female journalists and researchers. By focusing on female journalists’ firsthand encounters, the book explores the complex psychological, emotional, and profes
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sional challenges they face both inside and outside the newsroom. The chapters deal with specific issues relating to sexual harassment, online threats, risks and vulnerabilities, and physical and psychological violence experienced by journalists in various sub-Saharan African countries. In addition, the book explores the coping mechanisms employed by journalists in the field; thereby contributing to ongoing discussion on how to support media professionals navigating challenging newsrooms and journalistic roles in Africa and beyond. Chikezie E. Uzuegbunam is Deputy Head of School for Teaching and Research, senior lecturer in Media Studies, and Master’s programme coordinator in the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University, South Africa. His latest book is Children and Young People’s Digital Lifeworlds: Domestication, Mediation, and Agency published in 2024 by Palgrave Macmillan under the book series of the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR). Kealeboga Aiseng is a senior lecturer in the Department of Media Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. His books include Sociolinguistics of South African Television: Language Ideologies in Selected Case Studies, Political Economy of African Popular Culture: Political Interplay (co-edited), Public Health Communication Challenges to Minority and Indigenous Communities (co-edited), and Social Media and Gender in Africa: Discourses and Politics of Everyday Life (co-edited)." (Publisher description)
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Tackling Disinformation, Information Manipulation and Interference in Four African Elections
Deep Insights
"In recent years, electoral disinformation has followed several recurring patterns globally, many of which were observed in the case studies analysed in this report. One prominent tactic is attacks on electoral integrity, where political actors spread false claims about voter registration, election
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rigging, or external interference to delegitimise outcomes. As we show in this report, in the DRC, for example, rumours circulated that biometric voter registration was designed to expose individuals’ HIV status, discouraging participation. In South Africa, disinformation networks falsely claimed that the Electoral Commission (IEC) was manipulating results to favour the ruling party, fueling distrust in the electoral process. Another trend is the weaponisation of ethnic and gendered disinformation. In Kenya, misleading narratives framed certain candidates as “foreign-sponsored outsiders” to undermine their legitimacy, while in Senegal, false claims about morality were used to discredit opposition figures. Meanwhile, gendered disinformation—targeting women candidates with sexist tropes and false accusations—was a recurring feature in all four countries, reflecting a broader global pattern in which women in politics are disproportionately subjected to online abuse and misinformation. Social media platforms have been central to the spread of electoral disinformation. Across Africa, as in much of the world, platforms such as Facebook, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) have served as primary vehicles for the rapid dissemination of falsehoods, often facilitated by coordinated inauthentic behaviour. Data that we present in the report shows that, in South Africa, paid “nano-influencers”—individuals with small but loyal online followings—were mobilised to amplify misleading narratives in favour of specific political actors, demonstrating how disinformation strategies are evolving in response to changing digital landscapes.
[...] In response to these findings, the report makes several key recommendations. First, it calls for greater cross-platform coordination among CSOs, fact-checking groups, and election monitors to ensure realtime responses to emerging disinformation threats. Second, it highlights the importance of media and digital literacy programmes among all age groups, including young voters, some of whom are often the most active on social media but may lack the skills to critically assess the credibility of information they encounter. Third, it urges greater transparency and accountability from technology platforms, which remain the primary distribution channels for electoral disinformation but have done little to curb its spread in African electoral contexts. Ultimately, electoral disinformation is not simply a digital challenge—it is a fundamental governance issue that shapes public perceptions of legitimacy and democratic participation. Evidence from the four elections in Africa that we examine in this report demonstrates that countering disinformation requires a multi-stakeholder approach that includes journalists, civil society actors, election commissions, and policymakers working collaboratively to strengthen information integrity and electoral transparency. The findings in this report offer both a diagnosis of the current disinformation landscape and a framework for more effective, evidence-based responses that can help safeguard future elections from manipulation." (Pages 9-10)
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Media Compass: A Companion to International Media Landscapes
Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell (2025), xxiii, 502 pp.
"In 'Media Compass: A Companion to International Media Landscapes', an international team of prominent scholars examines both long-term media systems and fluctuating trends in media usage around the world. Integrating country-specific summaries and cross-cutting studies of geopolitical regions, this
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interdisciplinary reference work describes key elements in the political, social, demographic, cultural, and economic conditions of media infrastructures and public communication. Enabling the mapping of media landscapes internationally, Media Compass contains up-to-date empirical surveys of individual countries and regions, as well as cross-country comparisons of particular areas of public communication. 45 entries, each guiding readers from a general summary to a more in-depth discussion of a country’s specific media landscape, address formative conditions and circumstances, historical background and development, current issues and challenges, and more." (Publisher description)
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The risks and resilience in reporting violent extremism
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 17, issue 2 (2025), pp. 131-147
"This article examines the lived experiences of conflict reporters to unpick the pitfalls and perseverance in journalism practice in dangerous places. It uses the case of covering the Boko Haram conflict to unpack the risks journalists encounter in reporting on violent extremism. Drawing on individu
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al interviews and focus groups with 34 journalists and newsroom observations, the study provides insights into the complexities of covering violent extremism, their consequences on journalists’ lives and on journalism production, and the coping mechanisms deployed to withstand them. Professional collaboration, avoidance of antagonism, social solidarity and remote reporting strategies were found to be the conflict reporters’ main modes of resistance and resilience." (Abstract)
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Determinants of institutional trust in sub-Saharan Africa: Does media exposure matter?
Afrobarometer (2025), 35 pp.
"As the main channel for information about institutions and their performance, the media have the potential to influence citizens' perceptions of them. In recent decades, the media environment has undergone significant change, making different types of information readily available. At the same time
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, trust in public institutions has declined, weakening democracy and raising concerns about the role of the media in the loss of institutional trust. We argue that in sub-Saharan Africa, where institutions are widely portrayed as underperforming, citizens' exposure to the media can negatively affect their trust in those institutions. We explore the relationship between media exposure and institutional trust in developing countries using five rounds of Afrobarometer surveys in 35 sub-Saharan African countries and secondary data from the World Development Indicators and the Quality of Governance database. Linear hierarchical regression and multilevel regression analyses at individual and country levels show a strong negative relationship between media exposure and institutional trust, though the effect varies across media types. Our findings point to strategies for strengthening institutional trust and legitimacy by improving the quality of governance and economic performance and stepping up the fight against corruption." (Abstract)
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Social Media and Ordinary Life: Affect, Ethics, and Aspiration in Contemporary China
New York: New York University Press (2025), viii, 285 pp.
"Focusing on domestic workers, rural microentrepreneurs, disadvantaged young creatives, and young feminists, Social Media and Ordinary Life is a deeply moving ethnography of how digital media infrastructures and platforms are woven into the rhythms of ordinary, everyday life. In choosing to foregrou
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nd marginalized groups and communities, Cara Wallis gently shifts our attention away from the world of “social media influencers” and tech-centric discourses of entrepreneurial lives towards a decidedly ambivalent terrain of routine life practices. Social Media and Ordinary Life argues that understanding these individual experiences of the everyday enables greater insight into larger transformations taking place in contemporary China. Through long-term ethnographic fieldwork across China, Wallis foregrounds the entanglement of affect, emotion, ordinary ethical decisions, and desires connected to social media as it is used for self-expression, self-representation, fights for equality, maintenance of community, and economic livelihood. Four case studies show how social media is integrated into the articulation of affects by a wide variety of “ordinary” Chinese subjects: disadvantaged young creatives who migrate to Beijing from rural areas and use social media to cultivate their personal aesthetics; micro-entrepreneurs in rural Shandong province, especially women whose affective ties to the patriarchal family constrain their use of technology for economic enhancement; domestic workers, all women, in urban homes who use social media to build community and construct themselves as ethical subjects; and young feminists spread across China who engage in various types of cultural production and deploy social media in their fight for gender equality, often facing social and/or political marginalization in the process. Amid daunting forces—big data, artificial intelligence, massive surveillance—this book centers the “small,” showing how structural inequality, the urban/rural divide, patriarchal gender norms, and generational differences lead to contradictory or ambivalent outcomes of technology use. Even so, for these individuals and many others, social media is deeply intertwined with aspirations for a better future." (Publisher description)
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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2025
Deep Insights
"• Engagement with traditional media sources such as TV, print, and news websites continues to fall, while dependence on social media, video platforms, and online aggregators grows. This is particularly the case in the United States where polling overlapped with the first few weeks of the new Trum
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p administration. Social media news use was sharply up (+6pp) but there was no ‘Trump bump’ for traditional sources.
• Personalities and influencers are, in some countries, playing a significant role in shaping public debates. One-fifth (22%) of our United States sample says they came across news or commentary from popular podcaster Joe Rogan in the week after the inauguration, including a disproportionate number of young men. In France, young news creator Hugo Travers (HugoDécrypte) reaches 22% of under-35s with content distributed mainly via YouTube and TikTok. Young influencers also play a significant role in many Asian countries, including Thailand.
• News use across online platforms continues to fragment, with six online networks now reaching more than 10% weekly with news content, compared with just two a decade ago. Around a third of our global sample use Facebook (36%) and YouTube (30%) for news each week. Instagram (19%) and WhatsApp (19%) are used by around a fifth, while TikTok (16%) remains ahead of X at 12%.
• Data show that usage of X for news is stable or increasing across many markets, with the biggest uplift in the United States (+8pp), Australia (+6pp), and Poland (+6pp). Since Elon Musk took over the network in 2022 many more right-leaning people, notably young men, have flocked to the network, while some progressive audiences have left or are using it less frequently. Rival networks like Threads, Bluesky, and Mastodon are making little impact globally, with reach of 2% or less for news.
• Changing platform strategies mean that video continues to grow in importance as a source of news. Across all markets the proportion consuming social video has grown from 52% in 2020 to 65% in 2025 and any video from 67% to 75%. In the Philippines, Thailand, Kenya, and India more people now say they prefer to watch the news rather than read it, further encouraging the shift to personality-led news creators.
• Our survey also shows the importance of news podcasting in reaching younger, better-educated audiences. The United States has among the highest proportion (15%) accessing one or more podcasts in the last week, with many of these now filmed and distributed via video platforms such as YouTube and TikTok. By contrast, many northern European podcast markets remain dominated by public broadcasters or big legacy media companies and have been slower to adopt video versions.
• TikTok is the fastest growing social and video network, adding a further 4pp across markets for news and reaching 49% of our online sample in Thailand (+10pp) and 40% in Malaysia (+9pp). But at the same time people in those markets see the network as one of the biggest threats when it comes to false or misleading information, along with Facebook.
• Overall, over half our sample (58%) say they remain concerned about their ability to tell what is true from what is false when it comes to news online, a similar proportion to last year. Concern is highest in Africa (73%) and the United States (73%), with lowest levels in Western Europe (46%).
• When it comes to underlying sources of false or misleading information, online influencers and personalities are seen as the biggest threat worldwide (47%), along with national politicians (47%). Concern about influencers is highest in African countries such as Nigeria (58%) and Kenya (59%), while politicians are considered the biggest threat in the United States (57%), Spain (57%), and much of Eastern Europe." (Executive summary, page 10-11)
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"Palau media continues to undergo significant developments as it adjusts to increased digitisation and a move away from traditional print media. Media organisations face challenges in creating financially sustainable business models to support this shift. While media freedom is protected in Palau, o
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ngoing attention is required to ensure that journalists can continue to report uncensored." (Conclusion, page 31)
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State capture of Romani ethnic media in Hungary
European Journal of Communication, volume 40, issue 1 (2025), pp. 23-36
"The portrayal of ethnic communities in the media can have a significant impact on the everyday life of these groups – both in a positive and negative way. Often, the dominant depictions in mainstream media are created without the community's involvement and are dominated by stereotypes. To deal w
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ith a lack of access to mainstream media channels or even to establish an own positive identity, a community can launch its own ethnic or minority media initiatives. However, as evidence from Hungary shows, there are situations in which those in power are interested in capturing successful ethnic media outlets to influence how members of the minority group make meaning of the world. This paper aims to elaborate on the dynamics of media capture in ethnic settings. Relying on interviews with representatives of post-transition Hungary's Romani media, the authors provide a field theory-based explanation, which they see as a fruitful new addition to the concept of media capture." (Abstract)
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"Fundraising Alliances (FAs) are independent organizations that fundraise for two or more charities under a separate brand. High-profile examples of FAs include the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) in the United Kingdom and the Humanitarian Coalition (HCC) in Canada. FAs are designed to reduce pr
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omotional costs and increase the effectiveness of fundraising efforts. FAs are thought to be differentially effective for smaller charities that are less familiar and that do not have the managerial and financial resources to fundraise independently. However, are FAs actually effective? The present research examines the conditions under which individual charities are better off joining an FA rather than fundraising independently. We find evidence that FAs do not help (and may harm) charity fundraising, particularly for smaller charities that are perceived to be low on familiarity, trustworthiness, and effectiveness. The research has important implications for nonprofit marketing and contributes to the literature on branding and charity fundraising." (Abstract)
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Technical study on telecommunication and ICT infrastructure data, costs and analysis in Nigeria
Geneva: ITU (2025), ix, 72 pp.
"This study analyses the costs of connecting to the Internet and providing Internet services in Nigeria for fibre-optic network connectivity, microwave links, mobile broadband cellular links, and cellular communications. The analysis has focused on the capital expenditure (capex) of telecommunicatio
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n equipment, including cost elements such as taxation and licence fees in addition to operational expenditure (opex) in terms of network operation and maintenance costs, including recurring licensing fees.
In terms of report structure, section 1 sets out the background and scope, focusing on key assumptions used and key stakeholders involved. Section 2 looks at the study approach with a specific emphasis on research methodology and scenarios on cost analysis while section 3 analyses the capex and opex for mobile network operators, infrastructure companies, Internet service providers and satellite network operators. Section 4 considers the regulatory framework, especially the key policy instruments affecting the cost of doing business. Section 5 presents recommendations, and the overall conclusions.
The information presented here, builds on and complements the ongoing work of ITU on connectivity and infrastructure mapping and analysis. This technical study has a significant link to universal connectivity as ICT infrastructure remains key to bringing everyone online by 2030. This work will therefore help to shape infrastructure strategies to bring meaningful connectivity to the underserved or unconnected communities.
The study shows clearly that lower capital and operating costs can be achieved by creating a conducive regulatory framework of laws, policies, guidelines and an enabling environment in Nigeria and shows how the development of telecommunications is largely driven by elements such as the costs associated with infrastructure sharing, taxation, electricity availability, ands right of way charges." (Executive summary)
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The Revolution Within: Islamic Media and the Struggle for a New Egypt
Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press (2025), xv, 348 pp.
"The New Preachers of Egypt - so named because of their novel preaching styles, which incorporate everything from melodrama to music to self-help - came to prominence on the world's first Islamic television channel on the cusp of the Arab Spring uprisings. They promoted an innovative and inclusive I
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slamic piety that millions of young middle-class viewers found radical and compelling - but were scorned as neoliberal by leftists, as stealth Islamists by secularists, and as too Westernized by other Muslim preachers. Drawing on long-term fieldwork with the New Preachers, their producers, and followers in Cairo, Yasmin Moll shows how Islamic media and the social life of theology mattered to contestations over the shape of a New Egypt. These mass-mediated fractures within Islamic Revivalism were happening at a time of both revolutionary possibility and authoritarian entrenchment. The New Preachers' Islamic media inspired a "revolution within" that transcended the country's divisions and anticipated the ethos of creativity, solidarity, and coexistence that soon would mark Tahrir Square, the ethical epicenter of the 2011 uprising. Vividly written and boldly theorized, The Revolution Within challenges conventional accounts of the 2011 revolution and its aftermath as a struggle between secular and religious forces, reconsidering what makes a practice virtuous, a public Islamic, a way of life Godly." (Publisher description)
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Examining Perceptions of ‘peacebuildings’ in Radiophonic Debates: A Narrative Analysis of Media Talk in the Central African Republic
Journal of Radio & Audio Media, volume 32, issue 2 (2025), pp. 241-260
"Within [the radio debate programme) Patara, there was no explicit intention to reach a final conclusion on any given issue. The overall aim of the Ndeke Luka’s debate was to display arguments from different angles about certain specific matters without necessarily having to reach unanimous agreem
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ent among the participants. Clashing and diverging views of how peace should be built and reached were portrayed. It is significant that a radio station dedicated a weekly programme to gathering opposing viewpoints and bringing together actors who had been excluded from the formal, official peace talks in Khartoum. Despite being unofficial, this forum provided by Ndeke Luka drew its strength from being an accessible, “open door” arena. [...] Within the precepts of the editorial line of radio Guira, journalists made no specific allusion to any armed group or armed leader, unless they were engaged in a UN or governmental effort to disarm. This could imply a “safety” measure to avoid any political attrition between the UN and the government. Considering that the UN mission is allowed to be in the country because the hosting government accepts its presence, and that the UN mandate aims at supporting the building of state institutions, it is not surprising that the need to partner with official authorities in all dimensions was present in Le Debat. The challenge for a radio broadcast from a UN media was not to use a bellicose rhetoric. On a final note, distinct perspectives of the processes of “peacebuildings,” in plural, were conveyed by these two radio stations. The term in its plural form is hereby endorsed in order to acknowledge that different perspectives of peacebuilding can and should coexist in the public arena. These multiple understandings sometimes complemented one another and sometimes clashed. It is, in fact, necessary and crucial that numerous views of “peacebuildings” publicly circulate as a way of engaging citizens and communities to collectively discuss the transformation of their realities." (Concluding remarks, pages 14-15)
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Political Deification and Religious Populism in Modi’s India
Populism, volume 8 (2025), 28 pp.
"The article explores the phenomenon of political deification within the framework of religious populism, focusing on the leadership of Narendra Modi in India. Drawing on discourse theory, religious studies, and critical media studies, the paper examines how Modi’s image is sacralized, positioning
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him as more than a political leader – transforming him into a deity-like figure. Furthermore, by employing the concept of populist darshan, the article highlights how Modi’s visual and rhetorical strategies, amplified by digital media and mass communication technologies, construct a direct and intimate connection between him and the people. The Modi effect, characterized by the projection of an omnipresent and accessible leader, mirrors religious practices, fostering a perception of authority and reinforcing the Modi myth. This fusion of religious symbolism and political rhetoric is central to religious populism, where the boundaries between the sacred and the secular are fluid, and the leader is elevated to an exalted status. The article argues that Modi’s political deification is a powerful tool in consolidating power, offering insights into the intersection of religion, media, and populism in contemporary political life." (Abstract)
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African Radio and Minority Languages: Participation and Representation
London; New York: Routledge (2025), 96 pp.
"Within Africa, radio provides an important platform for accommodating diverse linguistic groups and enabling speakers to express themselves in their own local languages. This book investigates how radio broadcasting across the continent provides a platform for the cultural participation and the rep
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resentation of minority language speakers in a contested public sphere. In African media a fierce contest wages for representation and participation, in which majority languages often emerge at the exclusion of minority ethnolinguistic groups. This book considers the important role that community radio stations can play in broadcasting in minority languages. Drawing on in-depth original analysis, ethnographic observation, and interviews with minority language radio hosts and guests from across South Africa, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Malawi, Namibia, Mozambique, Lesotho and Kenya, the book considers to what extent African radio is accommodative of minority languages, and what the challenges and prospects are for this. Ultimately, the book argues that radio's three-tier system of broadcasting through analog and digital radio leaves the medium of radio particularly well-placed to provide equal access for ethnolinguistic groups in Africa." (Publisher description)
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"As the global artificial intelligence community wrestles with the tension between scale and accessibility, recent work by researchers at Lelapa AI offers a compelling example of what inclusive, efficient AI can look like. Around the world, the push to shrink massive language models into deployable,
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localized tools has become a strategic priority, whether to reduce energy costs, mitigate cloud dependency, or bring AI to underserved populations. Yet, few efforts embody this shift as clearly as the recent transformation of InkubaLM." (Introduction)
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