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Media focus
7382
3758
1353
822
505
456
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Publication Years
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21
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Methods applied
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Output Type
14726
Community Radio in Indonesia: The Re-Invention of Democratic Communication
Nijmegen; Jakarta: Radboud University Nijmegen (2007), 15 pp.
"This paper discusses the ways in which efforts aimed at democratising the media system and empowering communities in Indonesia in three discursive periods (the 1998 "Revolution Movement," the "Reform Era" follow-up, and the 2002 Broadcasting Act up till the present time) have ebbed and flowed. The
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main result of the changing winds so far has been the liberalisation of the market, in line with global media trends. The Government has tried to frustrate the prospects of community media. Hence, the current development of community radio in the country remains stagnant, the main challenge being to create a more visible position in the media landscape, which in turn may bring about a more supportive stance in the government's policies. Our tour d'horizon of the state of affairs of community radio, its complementary status to the mainstream national media scene, and the assessment of current needs are based upon empirical evidence gathered in the Manado and Jogyakarta areas. Departing from the different dynamics of these two cases, weaknesses and critical success factors will be assessed, taking into account the different backgrounds of the regions, radio practitioners as well as their audiences in terms of religion, ethnicity, and life styles."
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Digital Poverty: Concept and Measurement, with an Application to Peru
Kellogg Institute (2007), 26 pp.
"This paper discusses the notions of demand, poverty, information needs, and information and communication technologies (ICTs) to offer a concept of digital poverty, which may be useful to estimate the digital poverty level in Latin America and the Caribbean. The paper is composed of two sections. T
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he first section contains a conceptual discussion of digital poverty, its types and possible levels, and the underlying economic foundations. ICTs are defined based on their use and the conditions for such use. Digital poverty is therefore defined as a lack of ICTs and might be a feature of any population segment, whether or not economically poor. The second section of this paper is an empirical attempt to validate the classification, using data from a household survey (ENAHO) carried out in Peru. The limitations in measuring digital poverty at the household level instead of at the individual level are acknowledged. Lastly, the conclusions reached, possible implications for public policy, and the avenues open for further research are presented." (Abstract)
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Governance Matters VI: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators 1996-2006
Washington, DC: World Bank (2007), 94 pp.
"This latest set of aggregate indicators, are based on hundreds of specific and disaggregated individual variables measuring various dimensions of governance, taken from 33 data sources provided by 30 different organizations. The data reflect the views on governance of public sector, private sector
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and NGO experts, as well as thousands of citizen and firm survey respondents worldwide. We also explicitly report the margins of error accompanying each country estimate. These reflect the inherent difficulties in measuring governance using any kind of data. We find that even after taking margins of error into account, the WGI permit meaningful cross-country comparisons as well as monitoring progress over time. In less than a decade, a substantial number of countries exhibit statistically significant improvements in at least one dimension of governance, while other countries exhibit deterioration in some dimensions." (Abstract)
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Donors and Media Development: Reports from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe
New York: Open Society Institute (2007), 140 pp.
Jam! Jugendliche als Medienforscher
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2007), 28 pp.
Empowering Radio: Good Practices in Development and Operation of Community Radio
Deep Insights
Washington, DC: World Bank Institute (WBIST), Program on Civic Engagement, Empowerment & Respect for Diversity (CEERD) (2007), 249 pp. [60 pp. + 5 annexes]
"This report is one of the first studies comparing systematically different aspects of community radio practice in developing countries. Based on five country surveys - Colombia, Mali, Nepal, Peru and South Africa - it provides descriptions and analyses of: participatory processes and volunteerism;
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relationship with the community; exertion of rights; accountability and good governance; community radio networks; financing and financial sustainability; and community radio in conflict and post-conflict situations. The detailed country studies show that the practice of community radio broadcasting differs widely according to the national context, the legal environment and the specific role of national community radio associations and networks. In comparing the country studies, the main report stresses good practices, e.g. regarding the role of strong national networks, as well as some challenges like the need to accompany volunteers in a more systematic way and to address the precarious financial state of many community radio stations." (CAMECO Update 5-2008)
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Guía de transformación de conflictos
San Salvador: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) (2007), 28 pp.
Criteria and Indicators for Quality Journalism Training Institutions and Identifying Potential Centres of Exellence in Journalism Training in Africa
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2007), 51 pp.
"Seeking to map the African journalism schools landscape, create a system to assess excellence, and identify the top 15-20 schools, the report revealed an in-depth picture of the current state of journalism education on the continent. With 34 schools visited and 96 mapped, 19 met the criteria define
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d by UNESCO for centers of excellence, and 30 completed checklists hoping to become eligible. According to the report, four in ten schools have no web presence, three in ten only a parent site, two in ten have some basics online, and one in ten has a deeper presence. In total, 15 percent of journalism schools in Africa have a cyber presence in 2007. Such absence presents challenges to necessary collaboration between institutes as well as media outlets. Commissioned by UNESCO to Rhodes University School of Journalism and Media Studies in Grahamstown, South Africa, and the Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme (ESJ) in Lille, France, the report was presented at the Highway Africa conference, an annual ICT conference hosted by Rhodes University. Professor Guy Berger, acting head of the School of Journalism & Media Studies at Rhodes University who presented the report at the event, spoke to RAP 21 about the issues faced in journalism education today. “Educators are too isolated from each other and schools are not pumping on three cylinders of educating entry level, training working journalists, and acting as a public intellectual promoting media freedom, law reform, media literacy, and media skilling in the communities,” Berger told RAP 21. The report gathered general information on the journalism schools such as status of schools, primary language taught in, courses offered, graduate level, conditions for acceptance, time spent on practical media production, and specialisations in practical journalistic production areas. Going further, self-perception on standing and reputation of institutions, links with national media, and the approximate percentage of learners who are employed in journalism at the end of their studies/courses was assessed. In relation to international connections, the study identified areas for improvement. “Several journalism schools have good connections with non-African institutions, but there is no easy central resource like a website or online social network that would help for a deeper and wider network within Africa,” said Berger. According to the report, the reputation of African schools has also remained uneven. “Often the industry criticizes the schools, but some schools correctly point to serious problems in the industry, such as newspapers and broadcasters that present government propaganda rather than independent journalism,” said Berger. Berger added however, that most Centers of excellence cited in the report had cool relations with their national industry, which may include a critical independence at times. The second part of the report identified Centers of Excellence and also Centers of Reference across the continent. Bringing greater networking between such institutions and others was something Berger stressed. “There has been ad hoc support for diverse schools by diverse agencies, and it has not been sustained nor has it been geared toward networking,” said Berger. Nonetheless, he said professionals could gain from building relationships with journalism schools across Africa. “Media professionals can contribute a lot and gain a lot. Journalism and media models are in flux, and young minds are needed to invent new solutions in the context of the experience of the extant,” Berger said. While the report identified areas in need of improvement, Berger said schools in Africa have been working to achieve success. “The greatest surprise was achievement in the face of enormous obstacles. Despite lack of resources (including human), there exist schools that continue teaching students who successfully get jobs in the industry,” he concluded." (African Press Network for the 21st Century Newsletter No 21/2007)
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Survey of ICT and Education in Africa: A Summary Report Based on 53 Country Surveys
Deep Insights
Washington, DC: World Bank (2007), xi, 58 pp.
"This project seeks to gather together in a single resource the most relevant and useful information on ICT in education activities in Africa. Key questions: How are ICTs currently being used in the education sector in Africa, and what are the strategies and policies related to this use? What are th
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e common challenges and constraints faced by African countries in this area? What is actually happening on the ground, and to what extent are donors involved? This Summary Report is complemented by a companion volume, which features 53 Country Reports." (Infodev-Website)
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Media in Sudan at a Crossroads: Assessment and Outline of a Strategy for Media Support
Copenhagen: Association for Media Development in South Sudan (AMDISS); Article 19; International Media Support (IMS) (2007), 78 pp.
"This assessment describes and contextualises a series of challenges for an environment conducive to freedom of expression brought about by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2005 and the changes to the political framework in Sudan. The aim is to establish a comprehensive overview of
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the media situation in all relevant sectors, as well as developing an overview of support to the sectors and the strategies behind this support from agencies for international cooperation. Although the CPA opened up space for a more democratic setup for media ownership and practice and resulted in a number of changes to the media situation in Sudan, the freedom of expression environment in Sudan still faces important challenges. According to this assessment, the main challenges are:
Need for media reform: There is a dire need for legal reform in the area of freedom of expression and access to information. At the national level, new media laws produced and presented to Parliament show only slight improvement over the existing laws. In Southern Sudan the Legislative Assembly has adopted a more progressive media policy, but the four draft bills which have been prepared have not yet been processed by the assembly.
Need for professional skill building: Professional journalists are scarce, and objective and relevant reporting is a challenge for many Sudanese newspapers. In spite of the large number of media schools in Sudan, the results are discouraging. The academic and professional standards of the graduates are extremely basic and on-the-job training is almost non-existent.
Poor working conditions: Basic working conditions and employment rights in the Sudanese media are poor, especially in the printed media. There is widespread exploitation, not least of young journalists. The poor working conditions have negative consequences for the quality of journalism. In addition, many Sudanese journalists have emigrated to find better job opportunities abroad.
Politicisation of the media sector: The highly politicised environment in Sudan is reflected in the media sector. A significant part of the media in Sudan operates within a set political frame, pursuing political goals and the desire to influence public opinion and decision making." (Executive summary)
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Die Trickboxx: Ein Leitfaden für die Praxis
Düsseldorf: Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (2007), 69 pp.
Factors Influencing the Cost of Books in South Africa
Bellville: South African Book Development Council; National Department of Arts & Culture (2007), 83 pp.
"A study commissioned and funded by the South African Department of Arts and Culture. It comprises an investigation of the factors that affect the cost of books in South Africa, conducted in order to identify possible ways in which government, industry members and other stakeholders can work togethe
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r to reduce the cost of books and make books more accessible. The factors that affect the cost of books are dealt with by examining each of the five principal segments of the book value chain separately, namely paper, printing, publishing, distribution, and bookselling, and by furthermore investigating the sector-specific drivers of cost in the following three book market segments: (1) Educational books, comprising books used in primary and secondary education, i.e. books for [South African] Grades 1 - 12; (2) Academic books aimed at the tertiary education sector; and, (3) Trade books, which include both fiction and non-fiction books aimed at the general market." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 1076)
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"This handbook is primarily intended for staff that plan, organize and supervise tuberculosis (TB) control activities at the national level. Because tackling TB requires commitment and work at all levels, this guide can also be used by TB control staff at the provincial, state, and regional levels;
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by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and others involved in TB control, including communications officers, epidemiologists, program supervisors, TB medical specialists, nurses, bacteriologists, statisticians, health educators, logistics officers and trainers. Health managers of refugee and displaced population camps, prisons and large private enterprises, such as factories and mines, will also find this handbook useful. Additionally, teachers in medical, nursing, laboratory and public health schools may find valuable information for training their students in effective, multi-disciplinary TB control." (About this handbook)
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Digitalización de archivos sonoros analógicos: Una guía práctica
San José (CR): Radio Nederland Training Centre (RNTC); UNESCO, Oficina para Centroamérica y Panamá (2007), 80 pp.
"Los siguientes capítulos de esta guía práctica, planteada por la UNESCO desde su programa de comunicación para América Latina con sede en San José, y encomendada por la Organización para su producción a Radio Nederland Training Centre – Latinoamérica, tienen como objetivo central asistir
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a los radiodifusores de toda Latinoamérica en los procesos de transferencia a formato digital. Sin duda, tan actual iniciativa y excelente factura profesional constituye un aporte sustancial que ofrece información útil, amigable y de fácil didáctica para cualquier trabajo de recuperar las memorias sonoras contenidas en las diversas y numerosas fonotecas y otros archivos de emisoras de radio y centros de producción radiofónica de América Latina." (Presentación, página 7)
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