"The relationship between journalists and the security forces shows, almost universally, permanent tension. This document explains […] the reasons why both the press and the exercise of journalism, on the one hand, and the existence of the security forces and their action respecting human rights,
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on the other hand, are necessary for the consolidation of democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean. For this reason, it is advanced that the conflicts that arise between them, have a significant impact not only on both institutions, but on democracy itself. […] This publication first answers that question: whether or not both the press and the security forces are essential elements of a democracy. […] This publication only considers situations related to the journalistic coverage of street demonstrations and police action […] and also describes good practices that tend to reduce confrontations between journalists and security forces, since, to put it simply, this can directly benefit the consolidation of democracy." (Introduction, page 7)
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"El objetivo de la guía es que los interesados en establecer una organización de fact-checking en la región puedan entender conceptos básicos de cómo chequear frases de políticos y desmentir desinformaciones, así como también reciban recomendaciones sobre cómo difundir estas notas y otras s
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ugerencias en base a aprendizajes de iniciativas anteriores." (Introducción)
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"The relationship between journalism and whistleblowers has been generally beneficial for both. Whistleblowers – whether they go to the media or directly to the authorities – must have guarantees that their actions do not lead to negative consequences, such as financial sanctions, job dismissals
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, undermining their family members or circles of friends, or threats of arbitrary arrest. When whistleblowers approach journalists, they sometimes require the protection of their identity. For this to happen, journalists need to respect the professional ethic of confidentiality and they need to not be subject to legal sanction for refusing to reveal their sources. Blowing the whistle should be understood as an exercise of the right to freedom of expression, not only as an instrumental tool to fight corruption or expose human rights violations." (Key findings)
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"• Pressure has intensified on journalists to cover people’s trauma and distress and deliver emotionally-driven content to multiple platforms.
• Impact on survivors: An ongoing lack of trauma-aware training for journalists can lead to inept or ill-informed handling of survivors, some say this
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added to their trauma and felt ‘furious,’ ‘hurt’ and ‘demoralised.’
• Impact on journalists: Direct or secondary trauma may be induced by exposure to potentially traumatic events and reporting on the people affected.
• Recent stressors: A rise in toxic online attacks on female journalists; Covering Covid 19 prompts ‘mental health crisis’ and ‘financial peril.’
• Driven to deliver big and breaking stories in an increasingly competitive market, journalists may pressure survivors, unaware of or ignoring editorial guidance and codes of conduct." (Key trends)
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"The gradual trend toward the decriminalization of defamation is slowing down, with 160 states still not having decriminalized defamation. The use of criminal defamation offences to restrict online expression has increased worldwide. Several States have harshened or reintroduced provisions on libel,
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defamation and insult by stating new laws intending to address cybersecurity, 'fake news' and hate speech. Expanded use of civil defamation often leads to disproportionate damages that have a chilling effect on freedom of expression and journalists' work. There has been a rise in abusive practices such as 'forum shopping' and SLAPPs by powerful actors that want to silence critical voices and undermine scrutiny. There have been emerging challenges linked to online communications, including increased vulnerability of journalists, artists, human rights defenders and bloggers. Jurisprudence of international courts has reaffirmed that the speech about public officials is specially protected and must receive a proportional treatment under civil law." (Key trends)
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"Se han encontrado importantes y fundados aportes desde organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil sobre el tema, con consensos sobre los principales contenidos de las exigencias de transparencia y rendición de cuentas que deberían atender las grandes plataformas de Internet -en especial las dominantes y
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con fines lucrativos- para proteger derechos fundamentales, así como importantes y crecientes acuerdos sobre la necesidad y urgencia de exigir esa transparencia mediante una legislación específica. De la información encontrada también se desprende una importante expansión del debate en torno a la regulación de las plataformas en la región (en especial, de redes sociales) y la presentación de numerosas iniciativas de ley. Paradojalmente, la inclusión de obligaciones de transparencia es limitada. Una llamativa excepción es el proyecto N°2630/2020, que pretende instituir la Ley de Libertad, Responsabilidad y Transparencia en Internet en Brasil." (Resumen)
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"These UNESCO guidelines aim to provide practical support to National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) on the use of the UPR process to improve freedom of opinion and expression, safety of journalists, and access to information and to strengthen t
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heir capacity to engage with the process in all its stages." (About, page 1)
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"This publication is the first report from UNESCO and the United Nations to specifically address Holocaust denial and distortion. It details the ways in which social media is fertile ground for hate and prejudice - and proposes actions we can take
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in response. Based on the data of billions of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Telegram users, the report outlines what information English, French, Spanish, and German speakers encounter about the Holocaust. Almost half of all Holocaust-related content on Telegram, for example, is false, misleading, or distorted. Holocaust denial and distortion are often present alongside other types of online hate speech and misinformation such as homophobia, misogyny, xenophobia, conspiracy theory and COVID-19 denial. This co-presence indicates that these issues should not necessarily be addressed in isolation." (Foreword)
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"Monitoring data indicate that in 2021 there were a total of 119 attacks against women journalists and/or gender attacks involving media professionals. Hence, it means that, on average, an attack occurred every three days. A striking aspect is the importance of gender: among the 119 cases, 38% were
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classified as gender attacks. These records mainly included attacks on the morals and reputation of female journalists (32 cases) and homophobic (8) and transphobic (1) attacks. There were also two cases of physical violence against women journalists and two online attacks motivated by gender-related news coverage. The appeal to gender and sexuality is not incidental: in societies with conservative values, this type of attack is a way of undermining the credibility of professional journalism and diverting attention from the news content. Instead of discussing the reported facts, the journalist’s legitimacy and authority to investigate and disseminate stories are discussed. In fact, it is no coincidence that the terms most used in insults to professionals refer to gender aspects – slut, whore, gossipy – and supposed ideological biases of journalists – militant, leftist, and communist, among others." (Executive summary)
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"This paper will discuss the challenges and opportunities of addressing both online and offline hate speech through education and recommend comprehensive approaches for effective educational strategies. Incorporating context-based teaching and learning practices that promote responsible global citiz
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enship are important first steps that must be accompanied by a whole school- and community-based approach to creating civic spaces that embrace different perspectives and opinions, respect difference and work towards a shared sense of belonging." (Introduction, page 3)
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"CORAPE [...] presenta y pone a disposición de hablantes, usuarios y personas interesadas una compilación de términos de uso común en el idioma Kichwa Unificado de Ecuador, en temas conectados con la dinámica social de la vida diaria. Nuestro objetivo es promover la interculturalidad y el ejerc
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icio efectivo de los derechos culturales a través de la revitalización de las lenguas ancestrales. La interpretación al idioma Kichwa Unificado, de términos en castellano de amplio uso en los ámbitos de la comunicación [...] abre espacios para la práctica significativa y la transmisión de las lenguas ancestrales." (Página 16)
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"This report specifically looks at the situation of local actors who, while they are impacted by the circulation of harmful content on social media or the moderation thereof, often find themselves unable to take effective action to improve their situation in that respect." (Introduction)
"As the online space becomes increasingly centre stage in the fight against antisemitism, this guide from ISD and B’nai B’rith International, in partnership with UNESCO, aims to build capacity among civil society to tackle this growing threat.
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Recognising the enormous capacity for positive action that the digital space offers, this practical and action-oriented resource aims to consolidate knowledge and provide a wide range of policy and community avenues for action. The guide provides an overview of the online antisemitism threat landscape, a summary of existing policy responses on an international and national level across a range of European contexts, and a broad set of recommendations for civil society engagement with governments, platforms and wider communities to address this challenge." (About this report)
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"This brief examines the status of primary school TLMs in Malawi. It is based on interviews conducted with 22 Malawian educationalists, a review of international development education (IDE) project literature, and scholarly work on TLMs. It concludes that, particularly since the introduction of Free
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Primary Education (FPE) in 1994, processes of planning, developing, producing, distributing, assessing, and preparing teachers to effectively utilize TLMs in Malawi have shifted from centralized and government-controlled to project-based, fragmented, and driven by international funders. There is limited government control over educational goals and development expenditures; little opportunity for systemic analysis or reform; extensive, but fragmented, external involvement in decision-making; and, as a result, limited scope, availability, and utilization of TLMs that support equitable, high quality, and Malawi-centric educational experiences and outcomes." (Introduction, page 4)
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"[...] many newsroom reactions to gender-based online violence appear to have been non-existent, ad hoc, or inadequate. At times, they have even damaged the women journalists targeted. Large global news organisations sometimes identified as “best practice” exemplars by expert responders intervie
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wed for this study were nevertheless criticised by the journalists interviewed in the course of the research with regard to their responses to the crisis. They were accused of failing to fully understand the gendered nature of the attacks, appreciate the serious psychological impacts, adapt to emerging and increasingly sophisticated threats, and provide effective and holistic support that recognises intersectional risks and hybrid security threats. A number of outlets were also criticised for insensitive and counterproductive victim-blaming and/or speech-restrictive behaviours. Many of the journalists interviewed for this study expressed exasperation and a sense of abandonment by their employers when they were in the midst of an online violence storm, even when there were credible threats of offline violence associated with these attacks. This was linked to gender-unaware policies, or those that had stagnated as a result of a failure to take account of increasing online toxicity and hostility towards journalists - especially on social media platforms - in the context of escalating disinformation, along with political polarisation and populism." (Page 4)
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"According to the 2020 UNESCO Director-General Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity, a total of 24 of the 156 journalists and media workers killed during 2018-2019, lost their lives to attacks by groups engaged in violent
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extremism as well as terrorism. Journalism educators and trainers have a role to play in supporting the quality of reporting on this complex topic, as well as in raising journalists’ ability to protect themselves while covering terrorist attacks. Building on a previous UNESCO publication Terrorism and the media: A Handbook for journalists (2017), this new manual is designed primarily for media trainers and journalism educators. Based on real life lessons and extensive analysis of the risks and pitfalls in covering terrorism, the handbook adds significant value to media’s role in covering these challenges." (Short summary, page 3)
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"Las páginas que siguen están estructuradas en tres partes. En la primera se exponen las bases teóricas y epistemológicas esenciales de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI), fundamentalmente en los capítulos de Divina Frau-Meigs y Tessa Jolls. La segunda, donde continúan las int
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ervenciones de carácter conceptual y se suman ejemplos de políticas y metodologías de AMI en diferentes países de Iberoamérica, pero sin perder contacto con las realidades específicas analizadas. Finalmente, en la última parte se muestran experiencias concretas de proyectos AMI de Argentina, pero con potencial de aplicación en otros contextos. Cada una de estas nos permite recuperar el saber que hoy encontramos en las practicas concretas que, de forma creativa y comprometida, dieron respuesta a la continuidad pedagógica en el contexto de aislamiento producido por la COVID-19." (Introducción, página 27-28)
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"L’État peine à protéger les journalistes. Les attaques contre eux sont fréquentes et leurs auteurs sont rarement traduits en justice. Une insécurité qui renforce la précarité des journalistes, par ailleurs peu rémunérés, pas toujours formés, et souvent contraints d’exercer simultan
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ment d’autres activités professionnelles. Cette étude présente des éléments à la fois quantitatifs et qualitatifs significatifs : Le réseau de la téléphonie mobile se démarque par sa pleine expansion qui, de 6 % en 2006, atteint aujourd’hui près de 95% de la population. De deux chaînes en 1986, la Télé Haïti et la Télévision Nationale d’Haïti (TNH), le pays est passé à environ 150 chaines aujourd’hui. En 2016, l’organe de régulation a recensé 697 stations de radio sur la bande FM dont 350 illégales. Dans le département de l’ouest, le cadran est saturé à hauteur de 158%. De nombreux facteurs concourent à entraver l’accès à l’information de tous les groupes sociaux. L’absence de statut légal place les radios communautaires dans une grande précarité. Des organisations de la société civile travaillent activement à rendre visible les groupes marginalisés et à élargir leur accès à l’information." (Résumé exécutif)
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