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Mediating Religion and Film in a Post-Secular World

Stephen Hughes, Birgit Meyer (eds.)

Postscripts, volume 1, issue 2-3 (2005), pp. 149-347

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Support to Media in SEE: Strategy 2005 - 2007

Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2004), 15 pp.

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The Affordability of School Textbooks in Kenya: Consumer Experiences in the Transformation to a Liberalising Economy

Daniel Chebutuk Rotich

Nordic Journal of African Studies, volume 13, issue 2 (2004), pp. 175-187

"The growth of educational publishing in Kenya depends heavily on the disposable income of its customers. This article looks at the incomes of both actual and potential customers, and how they prioritize their spending. The findings are based on extensive research carried out by the author between 1 ... more

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Character Development and Storytelling for Games

Lee Sheldon

Boston: Course Technology Crisp (2004), xiv, 488 pp.

"[This book] is meant to be a resource for writers and designers and those who must work with us and who may want to talk intelligently with us at some point. This is not a book of rules that, if slavishly followed, will guarantee success. You’ll see ... more

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Beyond All Tolerance: Child Pornography on the Internet

Per-Erik Aström

Stockholm: Save the Children Sweden (2004), 50 pp.

"Save the Children Sweden has had a Hotline website in place for more than four years, receiving more than 22,000 tips about child pornography on the Web. The importance of such a channel and the importance of international co-operation are spelled out in the following report. Save the Children Swed ... more

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Media Operations During SALW Control Interventions

Simon Rynn, Simon Vukadin, Alain Lapon

Belgrade: South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SEESAC) (2004), 69 pp.

"This study, ‘Media Operations during SALW Control Interventions’ attempts to encapsulate best practices for dealing with mass media outlets when implementing SALW [Small arms and light weapons] control projects. It draws on a number of communication and media operation’s studies, but draws it ... more

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Live News: A Survival Guide for Journalists

Peter McIntyre (ed.)

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2003), 135 pp.

"The IFJ has campaigned for many years for greater safety and for a focus on the in-country journalists and freelances who are at greatest risk and who have the least protection. With the creation of the International News Safety Institute (see pag ... more

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Freedom of Speech, Media Exposure, and the Defense of a Free Press in Africa

Afrobarometer (2003), 6 pp.

"There are considerable regional variations in media exposure across and within African countries. Take access to daily radio news bulletins, which is higher in Southern Africa (except Lesotho) than in West Africa: whereas 71 percent of South Africans listen to radio news daily, only 44 percent of N ... more

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World Press Encyclopedia: A Survey of Press Systems Worldwide

Amanda C. Quick (ed.)

Detroit: Gale, 2nd ed. (2003), xxviii, 1285 pp.

"In these two volumes, readers will find comparative, in-depth essays on the press systems of 232 countries and/or territories. World Press Encyclopedia (WPE) is unique and valuable to users because, in addition to essays on each country’s press system, WPE also contains custommade graphs and stat ... more

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Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations

Yasha Lange et al.

Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.

"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid ... e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2) more

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What Works in Youth Media: Case Studies from Around the World

Sheila Kinkade, Christy Macy

Baltimore: International Youth Foundation (2003), 82 pp.

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Reaching Audiences Worldwide: Perspectives of International Broadcasting and Audience Research 2001/2002

Oliver Zöllner (ed.)

Bonn: Conference of International Boradcasters' Audience Research Services (CIBAR);Paragon Verlag (2003), 131 pp.

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Media-Mediated AIDS

Linda K. Fuller (ed.)

Cresskill, New Jers.: Hampton Press (2003), viii, 356 pp.

"This book, containing 17 chapters from health communication scholars both in the U.S. and abroad, is expressly concerned with media-related aspects of AIDS. Whether that media is print, electronic, and/or visual, they lie at the heart of understanding the messages we have, or perhaps have not, rece ... more

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Merchants of Morality

Clifford Bob

Foreign Policy, volume 129, issue March-April (2002), pp. 36-45

"Which global injustices gain your sympathy, attention, and money? Rarely the most deserving. For every Tibetan monk or Central American indigenous activist you see on the evening news, countless other worthy causes languish in obscurity. The group ... more

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Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy
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London: Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR), 2nd ed. (2002), viii, 178 pp.

"Too often the interests of the “producer” dominate in the evolution of IP policy, and that of the ultimate consumer is neither heard nor heeded. So policy tends to be determined more by the interests of the commercial users of the system, than by an impartial conception of the greater public go ... od. In IPR discussions between developed and developing countries, a similar imbalance exists. The trade ministries of developed nations are mainly influenced by producer interests who see the benefit to them of stronger IP protection in their export markets, while the consumer nations, mainly the developing countries, are less able to identify and represent their own interests against those of the developed nations. Thus we recognise that the rules and practices of intellectual property, and how they evolve, are the product of political economy. Developing countries - and in particular poor consumers of products which may be protected by IP rights - negotiate from a position of relative weakness. There is a fundamental asymmetry in relationships between developed and developing countries, based ultimately on their relative economic strength. The negotiations on TRIPS in the Uruguay Round are but one example. Developing countries accepted TRIPS not because at the time the adoption of intellectual property protection was high on their list of priorities, but partly because they thought the overall package offered, including the reduction of trade protectionism in developed countries, would be beneficial. Now many of them feel that the commitments made by developed countries to liberalise agriculture and textiles and reduce tariffs, have not been honoured, while they have to live with the burdens of the TRIPS agreement. The agreement on a new “development” WTO Round at Doha last year recognises that this bargain, between developed and developing countries, needs to be made explicit and meaningful. The difficulty for developing countries in this context is that they are “second comers” in a world that has been shaped by the “first comers”. And because of that, it is a very different world from that in which the “first comers” developed. It is a cliché to say that we live in an age of globalisation, when the world economy is becoming more integrated. It is an article of faith in the international community that integration on appropriate terms into the world economy is a necessary condition for development. The question from our point of view is what are the appropriate terms for that integration in the field of IPRs. Just as the now-developed countries moulded their IP regimes to suit their particular economic, social and technological circumstances, so developing countries should in principle now be able to do the same." (Overview, page 7-8) more

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Media and Peacebuilding: Workshop Report. Berne, 25th June 2002

Christoph Spurk, Michael Lund et al.

Bern: Swisspeace;KOFF (2002), 39 pp.

"In order to get a sound base for its future decisions on the role of media for peacebuilding, the Political Department IV of the Swiss Foreign Ministry has asked the swisspeace Center for Peacebuilding (KOFF) to initiate a process for compiling the current knowledge, existing experiences, and futur ... more

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Media in Development: An Evaluation of UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)

Kristin Skare Orgeret, Helge Rønning

Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2002), 55 pp.

"The International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) was created by UNESCO in 1980. The pivotal aim was to increase co-operation and assistance for the development of communication infrastructures and to reduce the gap between countries in the communication field. The programme e ... merged from debates within UNESCO about a New World Communication and Information order, and reflections on the importance of communications media as tools for development. Norway has supported IPDC from the very beginning, and was, one of the main founders of the program’s Special Account. Down the years Norway has contributed a total of US$ 11 428 000 to the Special Account from 1982 to 2000. The Norwegian contribution has however gradually decreased from 1 052 000 US$ in 1988, to around 2 million NOK annually in recent years (varying between 226,432 and 308,315 US$ according to the exchange rate). During the last six years Norway has allocated 1 576 474 US$ to the Special Account. Norway is the second largest donor after Denmark. Until 2001 support to IPDC was specified as a separate item in the budget of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For the 2001/2002 budget it was decided to allocate support to the IPDC under the heading of “Good governance” (UD 2002: post 74, page 153–154). The financial contributions to the IPDC have always been inadequate, and the problem worsened after 1995 due to the drastic drop in funding. In 2001 a moratorium was put on new projects and 46 approved projects were waiting to be financed. Given Norway’s relationship to the IPDC, it is not surprising that it would like to see an evaluation both of the program’s impact and its current impecunious situation. The role of projects in the area of media and communication must be considered within the framework of Norway’s total development policies, but particularly in relation to the commitment to strengthen democracy, accountability and transparency where the media play a central role. The present evaluation is intended to serve as a background for a renewed discussion of the continuation of Norwegian support to the IPDC, and of the reorientation and renewal of the programme." (Fact sheet, page 6) more

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DTR Radio Listening Clubs, Zambia: Impact Evaluation Report

Kitty Warnock

Panos Southern Africa (2001), 17 pp.

"The project ran from November 98 to May 2001, involving 13 rural women’s clubs in the Mpika district of Zambia, 600 km north of Lusaka. The clubs recorded their discussions of development issues or requests for development support; the tapes were sent to a radio producer in Lusaka, who recorded a ... response from a relevant service-provider or politician. The discussion and response were edited into one programme and broadcast as a regular weekly programme by the national broadcaster, ZNBC. The clubs listened to the programmes and discussed them at their weekly meetings. This evaluation assessed the development impact of the project, principally by talking to members of the clubs and others in their communities. An audience survey was also carried out, in three different areas. The main findings of the evaluation were: The project has brought substantial material benefits and new information to the communities. To some extent the clubs and communities have been empowered to access development inputs themselves, though the mediation of the radio programme producer has also been an important factor; The success in achieving material benefits for the communities was probably a strong force in building community support for the clubs in the early months of the project, but now their role in providing information and stimulating discussion is equally appreciated; The Clubs have not achieved material benefits specifically for their own incomegenerating activities, which was the original aim of the project, and which they see (on a video) happening in Zimbabwe. Income-generating is still the clubs’ main purpose, so the project should seek to help them strengthen their income-generating activities; The project has stimulated intense discussions, in the clubs and the communities, about social issues. The clubs’ ability to discuss and present issues clearly is greatly appreciated by men and young people in the communities; There is an emerging perception of a role for the clubs as educators for their communities. They are confidently passing on their own experience, and information from outside sources, as well as “hosting” outside experts in their radio programmes; The programmes are widely listened to and appreciated all over Zambia." (Summary) more

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Information Intervention: Bosnia, the Dayton Accords, and the Seizure of Broadcasting Transmitters

Monroe E. Price

Cornell International Law Journal, volume 33, issue 1 (2000), pp. 67-112

"The international mission, as U.S. and Western representatives saw it, was to reconstruct a viable multi-ethnic media, as well as to prevent further conflict. NATO was seeking to build, under the Dayton Accords, a plural society out of pieces that seemed fractured beyond repair. The OHR believed th ... more

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Uses of Television: See All Hear All

John Hartley

London: Routledge (1999), 246 pp.

Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy Top Insights

Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy
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