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Investigative Journalism in China: Journalism, Power, and Society

Jingrong Tong

New York; London: Bloomsbury (2012), x, 268 pp.

"[...] modern China runs an authoritarian system of the one-party rule, so where does the idea of investigative journalism fit in? Why can investigative journalism appear in such an authoritarian society and with what characteristics? Investigative Journalism in China examines the four aspects of Ch ... more

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Pilgrimage Phenomenon in the New Context of Post-Communist Romanian Media

Mihaela-Simona Apostol

ESSACHESS: Journal for Communication Studies, volume 4, issue 8 (2011), pp. 127-143

"Twenty years after the fall of communism in Romania, there are two main pilgrimages that dominate the Orthodox religious environment: the pilgrimage to Saint Parascheva of Iasi and the pilgrimage to Saint Dumitru cel Nou, Basarabov in Bucharest. T ... more

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The Representation of African Traditional Religion and Culture in Nigeria Popular Films

Innocent Ebere Uwah

Politics and Religion, volume 5, issue 1 (2011), pp. 81-101

"One of the ways by which religious rituals communicate in African society is by maintaining cohesion in the culture. They connect participants to richer meanings and larger forces of their community. Even in representational models, rituals create solidarity in the form of subjective experiences of ... more

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De-Westernizing Communication Research: Altering Questions and Changing Frameworks

Georgette Wang (ed.)

London et al.: Routledge (2011), 288 pp.

"The rise of postmodern theories and pluralist thinking has paved the way for multicultural approaches to communication studies and now is the time for decentralization, de-Westernization, and differentiation. This trend is reflected in the increasing number of communication journals with ... more

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Forces of Gatekeeping and Journalists' Perceptions of Physical Danger in Post-Saddam Hussein's Iraq

Hun Shik Kim

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 87, issue 3-4 (2010), pp. 484-500

"Iraqi journalists operate in one of the deadliest newsgathering environments in the world. This study, based on a survey of 404 Iraqi journalists, examines the variables influencing journalists' perceptions of physical danger in covering news afte ... more

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Reflections on Putin and the Media

Scott Gehlbach

Post-Soviet Affairs, volume 26, issue 1 (2010), pp. 77-87

"To understand the potential implications of Putin’s media strategy, it is useful to recall the rule and fall of Peru’s Alberto Fujimori. Like Putin, Fujimori used the wealth and power at his disposal to emasculate much of the country’s media ... more

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Confusion, Contradiction and Irony: The Iraqi Media in 2010

Deborah Amos

Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy (2010), 45 pp.

"After the fall of Baghdad on April 9, 2003, Iraq's news media environment transformed almost overnight from the tightly controlled propaganda arm of Saddam Hussein's rule into one of the most diverse and unrestricted news environments in the Middl ... more

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Media and Peacebuilding in Afghanistan

Sheldon Himelfarb

Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2010), 5 pp.

"Since the fall of the Taliban in 2001, the Afghan media sector has experienced dramatic growth in all areas: television, radio, print, internet, mobile phones. As such, the sector holds tremendous potential for making significant contributions to ... more

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Racism, Ethnicity and the Media in Africa: Reflections Inspired by Studies of Xenophobia in Cameroon and South Africa

Francis B. Nyamnjoh

Africa Spectrum, volume 45, issue 1 (2010), pp. 57-93

"This paper demonstrates the extent to which the media and belonging in Africa are torn between competing and often conflicting claims of bounded and flexible ideas of culture and identity. It draws on studies of xenophobia in Cameroon and South Africa, inspired by the resilience of the politicizati ... more

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Meta-Research of Development Communication Studies, 1997-2006

Hemant Shah

Glocal Times, issue 15 (2010), 21 pp.

"The most frequently reported conclusion in 1997-2006 is that development theory needs more attention. In 1987-1996 this conclusion was even more frequently mentioned, indicating that scholars were being urged to continue thinking carefully about what development means. Researchers in 1997-2006 freq ... more

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Press Constraints as Obstacles to Establishing Civil Societies in Central Asia: Developing a New Model of Analysis

Richard Shafer, Eric Freedman

Journalism Studies, volume 10, issue 6 (2009), pp. 851-869

"More than a decade and a half after independence, none of the press systems in Central Asia's five former Soviet republics are categorized as free, nor have any of these countries transitioned to ... more

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Media Development in Afghanistan

Massoumeh Torfeh

Media Development, issue 1 (2009), pp. 39-44

"The international community entered Afghanistan in December 2001 to oust the Taliban. It promised reconstruction, development and democratisation. At the time, the trauma of 25 years of war had left civil society in Afghanistan shattered and the media had become mere tools in the hands of the dicta ... more

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Literature Review on the Impact of Public Access to Information and Communication Technologies

Araba Sey, Michelle Fellows

Seattle: University of Washington, Center for Information & Society (CIS) (2009), 25 pp.

"This report presents a review of empirical research on the impacts of public access to ICTs in order to document what is known about this approach to ICT service delivery. The results show that there is limited conclusive evidence on downstream im ... more

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Final Report: Outcome Evaluation of the Information & Communications Technology for Development (ICT4D) Project of UNDP Multi-Country Office (MCO) Based in Samoa

Robert Boase

Samoa: UNDP Multi-Country Office (MCO) (2009), ii, 61 pp.

"This report is an outcome evaluation of the UNDP MCO Samoa’s ICT for Development (ICT4D) project operating in the Cook Islands, Niue and Samoa from 2005-8. The consultant Robert Boase of Canada evaluated the project from November 18 to December 20, 2008 with one week missions to each country and ... more

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Die Medien in Mazedonien

Vladimir Zlatarsky, Dirk Förger

KAS Auslandsinformationen, issue 7-8 (2009), pp. 62-80

"On World Press Freedom Day, about 200 journalists met in the Macedonian capital of Skopje in May 2009 to protest against unfair trials of journalists and pillory political pressure and the level of press freedom in general. To be sure, Macedonia’s constitution guarantees freedom of opinion and th ... e press. Moreover, laws such as the electronic media act of 2005 and the radio act do allow a certain latitude for journalists. Yet problems remain: many media depend on the state, wages are low, journalist training is defective, and outrages against reporters are still happening. Macedonia’s secession from ex-Yugoslavia in 1991 did not bring domestic unity. One enduring problem is the tension between the Macedonian majority and the Albanian minority. The armed conflict between the army and Albanian separatists was resolved only by the Ochrid agreement (OFA). Today, the country is a parliamentary democracy endeavouring to join the EU and NATO. Yet the Atlantic Alliance did not issue an invitation to the 2008 Bucharest summit, probably because of the ethnic tension and persistent corruption in the country and the unresolved dispute with Greece over the name Macedonia. Headed by Nikola Gruevski, the coalition of civil and Albanian forces that currently governs the country continues to steer a course towards Europe, but it is confronted by great challenges: high unemployment, an extensive shadow economy, murky relations between politics and the economy, and the uneasy coexistence of ethnic groups. All this is echoed by the media of the country. The total number of Macedonian print media can only be estimated; it is said that there are around 750. The most powerful newspaper group is the one owned by the Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (WAZ) which acquired three products called ”Dnevnik”, ”Utrinski vestnik” and ”Vest” in May 2003. Founded in 1996, Dnevnik boasts the highest circulation. The paper itself states that it is printing 55,000 copies a day, having broken the monopoly of the former ’state paper’ ”Nova Makedonija”. Good style and up-to-date coverage brought new readers. With a circulation of 30,000, ”Vest” belongs to the yellow-press category. Printed in 8,000 copies, ”Utrinski vestnik” mainly offers analyses and comments. Even privatization could not prevent the fall of ”Nova Makedonija”, the mouthpiece of the communists before independence. These days, it is barely hanging on with a circulation of 3,000. The eponymous company also owns ”Vecer” (circulation 3,000) and the Turkish-language ”Birlik”. Established in Sofia in 2004, the immensely popular ”Vreme” has meanwhile reached a circulation of 10,000, appearing also on Sundays under the name of ”Nedelno vreme”. ”Fakti”, the leading paper published in the Albanian language, appears also in the Kosovo. At the same time, two Kosovan-language papers are being published in Macedonia, ”Koha Ditore” and ”Lajme”. About 60 weeklies are being printed in Macedonia, of which many appear at irregular intervals and face great financial problems. However, all the country’s print media stand in need of financial transparency. The considerable pressure exerted by the state on the media, mostly through paid advertisements, adversely affects the choice and quality of information. Moreover, the special advantages enjoyed by established houses make it even more difficult for new independent papers to enter the market. In 1997, the Council for Electronic Media (CEM) was established to monitor radio and television channels, protect pluralism and the freedom of opinion, and safeguard the independence of all media. Although CEM members are nominated by renowned institutions, they are all appointed by parliament in the end, a procedure which Freedom House regards as problematic. Currently, there are six media institutes that hold broadcasting licences: MTV, a public-service channel, A1 TV, Alsat-M, Kanal 5, Sitel, and Telma. A1 TV, the market leader that was launched in 1993 as Macedonia’s first private channel, attracted 23.7 percent of the viewing public in 2007. Next in line at 12.3 percent is Sitel, which has been mainly airing entertainment programmes since 1993. Kanal 5 has a market share of 7.6 percent, while Telma has 3.9. Launched in 2006, Alsat-M airs programmes in the Albanian language, swiftly winning over 86 percent of the country’s Albanian population. At 52, the number of TV stations is high for a small country like Macedonia, although the funding question remains moot in many cases. At a total of 62, radio stations are also fairly numerous, although only four of them hold a national licence. Because of the growing importance of television and, to an even greater extent, the internet, the number of listeners has been declining in recent years. On a regional and local scale, however, radio stations, two of which are transmitting Albanian-language programmes, still retain their importance. Among the country’s news agencies, Makfax has established itself as a reputable source. Founded in 1992, the agency also reports in Albanian and English. Makedonski Informativen Centar, another private agency, was established in 2007. Founded in 1992 on the initiative of parliament, Makedonska Informativna Agencia also offers trilingual service. Portal Total supplies business news every day. Finally, the internet has become a major source of information thanks to the online editions of various papers and journals. The charges made in May of this year appear justified. In the view of Freedom House, the media in Macedonia are only ’partially free’. Outrages are still being committed on journalists for whose protection associations have been founded, although these are ethnically divided and hardly cooperate at all. Thus, the Association of Journalists exists side by side with the Association of Albanian Journalists. The associations will have their work cut out to protect their own members from physical or legal persecution and lay abuses before the public: in May 2006, for example, a court in Kumanova sentenced Mr Bozinovski, an investigative journalist, to three months’ imprisonment for libel and defamation after he had written an article exposing the links between politics, business, and journalism. Although Mr Bozinovski’s article was written three years ago, and the libel clause on which the proceedings were based had been struck from the code days before the sentence, the court obviously wanted to finish the case under the ’old law’. The prisoner owes his premature release only to the pressure exerted by the EU and Amnesty International. Reports about attacks on Albanian journalists are piling up as well: in September 2007, for example, a reporter of the Albanian-language Alsat-M television channel had his camera forcibly torn from him when he filmed policemen who had aroused the rage of villagers by stopping the car of an MP who was involved in a parliamentary scandal. When he refused to hand over his camera, the journalist was knocked down by policemen. The electronic media act adopted in 2005 was intended to protect pluralism from cartels. Thus, the owner of one electronic medium is not prohibited from acquiring an interest in another. What he may not do, however, is acquire an interest in a company which owns a print medium or is active in advertizing, telecommunications, or the film industry. Once again, however, there is a gap between theory and practice, all the more so as many Macedonian TV channels belong to influential enterprises which, in turn, are closely related to political parties." (Executive summary). more

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Wissensmanagement-Brevier für Projektleiter und andere Entscheidungsträger: Aus Erfahrung klüger werden

Jan Schwaab

Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), 2nd ed. (2009), 32 pp.

"Dieses Handbuch fasst die wichtigsten Schritte und Entscheidungen zusammen, die für ein gutes Wissensmanagement getroffen werden sollten. Es richtet sich an TZ-Vorhaben und ihre Partnerinstitutionen auf lokaler, regionaler oder zentraler Ebene sowie an die Organisatoren von Netzwerken. Das Handbuc ... more

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The Media and Political Change in Southeast Asia: Karaoke Culture and the Evolution of Personality Politics

Jonathan Woodier

Cheltenham; Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing (2008), vii, 368 pp.

"Examining the communications media and its relationship to political change in Southeast Asia, this study endeavours to provide both a regional comparative analysis and an interpretation of the mass communication media in the wake of 9/11." (Publi ... more

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Live News Africa: A Survival Guide for Journalists
Key Guidance

Brussels; Dakar: International News Safety Institute (INSI);International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) Africa Office (2007), 87 pp.

"Live News: A Survival Guide for Journalists, is carefully tailored to help journalists to prepare themselves mentally, physically and psychologically before engaging on an assignment that can be very dangerous. The guiding tips provided in the tex ... more

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Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession

Hossein Shahidi

London; New York: Routledge (2007), xii, 194 pp.

"This book charts the development of professional journalism in Iran since the 1979 Revolution that replaced the monarchy with an Islamic Republic. Written to pay homage to Iranian journalists, the book focuses on newspapers, radio and television providing ... more

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African Media Development Initiative: Somalia. Research Findings and Conclusions

Jamal Abdi Ismail

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 86 pp.

"The lack of a consolidated government since the fall of Siyad Barre’s regime in 1991 has led to a proliferation in the number and variety of ... more

Live News Africa: A Survival Guide for Journalists Key Guidance

Live News Africa: A Survival Guide for Journalists
Key Guidance