"The development of the press being a relatively recent phenomenon, most journalists have received a purely practical training — Various projects for improving this situation: e.g. newspapers have organised training seminars — Since 1954 there has been an Institute of Journalism which vins a 4-year course." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1117, topic code 163.1)