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Conflicts and Media
7
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
6
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
5
Internet Shutdowns
5
Democracy / Democratization and Media
5
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
4
Freedom of Expression
4
Election Reporting
4
Media & Communication Policies
4
Political Transition and Media
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
3
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
3
Transitional Justice Reporting
3
Media Assistance
3
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
3
Media Law & Regulation
3
Customary Law
3
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
3
Non-Western Communication Approaches
3
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Editorial Independence
2
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
2
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
2
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
2
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Diaspora Media
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Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
2
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Constitutions & Constitutional Reforms: Political Discourse & Media Representation
2
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
2
Media System Analyses & Typologies
2
Transitional Justice
2
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
2
Politics and Media
2
Agenda Setting
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Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Empowerment
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
1
Media Use: Conflict Areas
1
Opinion Polls, Public Opinion Research
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Community Media
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Participatory Communication
1
Conflicts
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Boko Haram
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Violence in the Media
1
Anthropology of Media & Communication
1
Arts
1
Theatre for Development
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Internet
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Facebook
1
WhatsApp
1
Artificial Intelligence
1
ICTs and Development
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Communication for Sustainable Development
1
Defamation, Libel, Slander
1
Ubuntu (Ethical Concept of Southern African Origin)
1
Gender Media Studies & Feminist Communication Research
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Health Communication
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
International Communication
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Glocalization of Media
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
1
China: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Governance, Accountability, Combating Corruption
1
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Radio Policies
1
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Governance
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Democracy
1
Failed States
1
Hybrid Political Systems
1
Statebuilding
1
Governance & Accountability as Focus of Radio Programmes
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Public Spheres
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Public Media, State Media
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Call-In Dedication & Greeting Programs
1
Radio Debates, Radio Talk Shows, Call-In Radio Programmes
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Social Change
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
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"Despite strong international condemnation, there is growing acceptance of internet shutdowns as a legitimate response to online content that governments—particularly in Africa—find concerning. This article explores government decision- making around internet shutdowns during contentious periods ... more
"This article focuses on the AI for Social Good (AI4SG) movement, which aims to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). It argues that, through AI4SG, Big Tech is attempting to advance AIdriven technosolut ... more
"This state-of-the-art Handbook provides unique insights into the governance practices and institutions shaping digitalized public spheres. Focusing on the power relations involved, it presents diverse approaches to key debates in media and communication governance, showcasing groundbreaking advance ... more
"From Ethiopia to Sudan, there has been significant concern about the role of hate speech and incitement on social media to promote offline violence and, at its most extreme, genocide. These questions have become more urgent with the growth of large language models and Artificial Intelli-gence that ... more
"Internet shutdowns in Africa are becoming increasingly widespread, particularly when governments face competitive or contentious elections. They have also come to symbolise a widening fracture between competing conceptions of the global Internet and its regulation. Governments in Africa are justify ... more

Seeing is Predicting: Anticipatory Action in Violent Conflicts

Oxford: Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy (PCMLP), Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford University (2022), 26 pp.
"What are root causes of trust and distrust in media in different political contexts? How is media use shifted from one source to another with the change of political culture? What factors shape media perception across cultures and across political regimes? Are there commonalities or are they differ ... more
"[...] While mass media, including TV or radio, have long been recognised as a key actor in the escalation of violent conflicts, the scale of dissemination and the degree of accountability of digital actors involved is different. Although the doctrine of information intervention initially evolved to ... more
"Internet shutdowns are on the rise. In the past few years, an escalation of this blunt censoring practice has affected different regions of the world, particularly Africa and Asia. Scholars and advocates have proposed no substantive solutions to effectively address Internet shutdowns, and analysis ... more
"Since the collapse of the Somali state in the early 1990s, the country has been one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists. Many have been killed with impunity and the majority of those that have been killed where the perpetrator is known have been connected to political groups, ... more
"This article explores the prevailing ways Internet shutdowns are currently understood and makes the case for a new conceptualization—one that recognizes the inherent diversity of cases and how and why they are employed. To do so, we focus on Internet shutdowns in Africa, drawing on data collected ... more
"There is an evolution underway in terms of how Internet access is perceived and understood. The view that Internet access should be a fundamental right has continued to gain traction. At the same time, concerns are increasing about the very real threat of offline harm posed by the dissemination of ... more

Theorising Media and Conflict

New York; Oxford: Berghahn (2020), x, 339 pp.
"Theorising Media and Conflict is the result of a joint and interdisciplinary effort to set the theoretical and empirical agenda in theorising upon the complex relationship between media and conflict. By considering the theorisation work accomplished by the ‘Anthropology of Media’ series forerun ... more
"This book investigates the role of media and communication in processes of democratization in different political and cultural contexts. Struggles for democratic change are periods of intense contest over the transformation of citizenship and the reconfiguration of political power. These democratiz ... more
"This collection is the first of its kind on the topic of media development. It brings together luminary thinkers in the field—both researchers and practitioners—to reflect on how advocacy groups, researchers, the international community and others can work to ensure that media can continue to s ... more

Media, Conflict, and the State in Africa

New York, NY: Cambridge University Press (2018), xiii, 175 pp.
"Countries emerging from violent conflict face difficult challenges about what the role of media should be in political transitions, particularly when attempting to build a new state and balance a difficult legacy. Media, Conflict, and the State in Africa discusses how ideas, institutions and intere ... more
"Nous observons ainsi des mutations profondes dans le champ de la liberté de la presse, qui progresse sur plusieurs points, mais recule également dans certains autres. La liberté des médias est notamment limitée par de nombreuses restrictions légales sur le droit de communiquer des information ... more
"This volume explores how societies are addressing challenging questions about the relationship between expression, traditional and societal values, and the transformations introduced by new information communications technologies. It seeks to identify alternative approaches to the role of speech an ... more