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Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations

Yasha Lange et al.

Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.

"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid ... e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2) more

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The Power of the Media: A Handbook for Peacebuilders
Deep Insights

Ross Howard, Francis Rolt, Hans van de Veen, Juliette Verhoeven (eds.)

Utrecht: European Centre for Conflict Prevention (ECCP); European Centre for Common Ground; Institute for Media, Policy and Civil Society (IMPACS) (2003), 245 pp.

"Presents case studies from 12 countries and lists 69 organisations working with media as conflict prevention and/or peacebuilding tool." (commbox)

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Internationales Handbuch Medien 2002/2003

Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos, 26th ed. (2002), 1056 pp.

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Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe Media Component: Council of Europe Contribution. June 2000 - December 2001. Final Report

Ivan Nikoltchev

Strasbourg: Council of Europe, Media Division (2002), 120 pp.

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Wege der Kommunikation in der Geschichte Osteuropas

Nada Boskovska, Peter Collmer, Seraina Gilly, Rudolf Mumenthaler, Christophe von Werdt

Carsten Goehrke (honoured person)

Köln; Weimar; Wien: Böhlau (2002), xx, 525 pp.

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Killing Screens: Media in Times of Conflict

Dusan Reljic

Shropshire; Düsseldorf: Central Europe Review; European Institute for the Media (2001), 154 pp.

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Internationales Handbuch für Hörfunk und Fernsehen 2000/2001

Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2000), 926 pp.

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Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia (FYROM) and Kosovo: International Assistance to Media

Mark Thompson

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2000), 95 pp.

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Monitoring the Media Coverage of the October-November 1998 Parliamentary Elections in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: Final Report

Düsseldorf: European Institute for the Media (1999), 52 pp.

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Internationales Handbuch für Hörfunk und Fernsehen 1998/1999

Hans-Bredow-Institut

Baden-Baden: Nomos (1998), 830 pp.

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'Hate Speech' in the Balkans

Mariana Lenkova (ed.)

Vienna: International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) (1998), 131 pp.

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Killing screens: Medien in Zeiten von Konflikten

Dusan Reljic

Düsseldorf: Droste; Europäisches Medieninstitut (1998), 112 pp.

"Werden Kriege durch Medien geschürt oder sogar hervorgerufen? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Art der Berichterstattung auf Krisenherde? Die Studie, die in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Europäischen Medieninstitut entstanden ist, geht der Rolle von Medien in innerstaatlichen Konflikten nach." (Verlagsbeschr ... more

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Post-Soviet Media Law & Policy Newsletter: Special vol.

New York: Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law (1998), 48 pp.

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Internationales Handbuch für Hörfunk und Fernsehen 1996/1997

Hamburg: Hans-Bredow-Institut (1996), 229, 383, 355, 173, 90, 171 pp.

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TV auf dem Balkan = TV in the Balkans

Rossen Milev (ed.)

Hamburg: Hans-Bredow-Institut (1996), 173 pp.

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Beyond the Fragments: The Challenge of Press Freedom in Former Yugoslavia

Ljubljana: FIEJ (1995), 55 pp.

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Radio auf dem Balkan: Zur Entwicklung des Hörfunks in Südosteuropa

Rossen Milev (ed.)

Hamburg: Hans-Bredow-Institut (1995), 190 pp.

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Global Audiences: Research for Worldwide Broadcasting 1994/5

Graham Mytton (ed.)

London: John Libbey (1994), 256 pp.

"The International Broadcasting Audience Research Department (IBAR) of the BBC World Service presently commissions representative sample surveys of the adult populations of more than 20 different countries each year. Surveys reported in this compilation published first time in 1993 provide detailed ... more

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Internationales Handbuch für Hörfunk und Fernsehen 1994/1995

Hans-Bredow-Institut

Baden-Baden: Nomos, 22nd ed. (1994), 500, 311, 128, 52, 126, 200 pp.

The Power of the Media: A Handbook for Peacebuilders Deep Insights

The Power of the Media: A Handbook for Peacebuilders
Deep Insights