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97
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16
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
40
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35
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32
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Media Outlets, Media Associations
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Ethnic Media, Minority Media
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Economics of Media
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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International Communication
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Radio Landscapes
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
4
Magazines
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Children's Television Programmes
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
3
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
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Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
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ICT Regulation
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Ethics in Media & Communication
3
Defamation Law & Regulation
3
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
3
Journalism
3
News Agencies
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Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
3
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
3
Press Landscapes
3
Television Landscapes
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Propaganda
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Television Programmes & Genres
3
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
2
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Civil Wars
2
Dealing With the Past
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Online Services
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICT Industries & Markets
2
ICT Indicators
2
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
2
Media Industries
2
Press Markets
2
Television Markets
2
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
2
Economy
2
Journalism Ethics
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Self-Regulation of Media
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Satellite Television
2
Investigative Journalism
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Political Reporting
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Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
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Media, Mass Media
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Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Television Law & Regulation
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Broadcasting Companies
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Democracy
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Press
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2
Digital Television
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Television Transmitters
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Telecommunication Infrastructure
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Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
1
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Samizdat
1
Campaigning
1
Saints
1
Adventist Church
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Videos
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Digital Rights
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Censorship
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Crisis Communication
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Public Relations
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Experiences
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Community Informatics
1
Community Media
1
Street Papers
1
Community Radios
1
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
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International Conflicts
1
Small Arms
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
War Crimes
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Human Security Reporting
1
Interethnic Communication
1
Media Assistance: Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation
1
Religious Communication in Conflicts & Peacebuilding
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Cultural Diversity
1
Literature
1
Multicultural Societies, Multiethnic Societies
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Development Assistance
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Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Donor Agencies
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USAID - Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI)
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
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Development Communication Projects: Case Studies
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Edutainment Television Programmes
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Digital Businesses
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Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
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Digital Media Landscapes
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Chat
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Online Magazines & Newspapers
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Digital Media Markets
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Social Media
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Websites
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Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
News Websites & Portals
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Digital Economies, Digital Societies
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Digitalization, Digital Transformation
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Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
1
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Minorities
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Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Rights
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Local Media Economics & Markets, Local Media Financing
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Radio Markets
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Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
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Traffic & Transport Infrastructure
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Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Good Practice Examples
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
History of Media & Communication
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Foreign Policies
1
Council of Europe
1
European Union (EU)
1
OSCE
1
International Politics
1
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
1
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News
1
Election Reporting
1
Foreign Cultures & Peoples: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Religious Journalism, Religion News
1
Language
1
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Minority Languages
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
Media Assistance: Impacts, Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Media Development Indicators
1
USA: Media Assistance
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Presentation of Information
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Human Rights
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
BBC
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Clientelism
1
Political Doctrines
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Public Spheres
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Radio Stations
1
Interreligious Dialogue
1
Islam and Communication
1
Civil Society
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Dalits
1
Digital Switchover
1
Informatics
1
Intranet
1
Telecommunications
1
Commercial Television
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Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The Media in Europe's Small Nations
Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2014), xi, 183 pp.
"What are the particular characteristics of the media in small nations? What challenges do broadcasters and other media institutions in these countries face, how can these be overcome, and are there advantages to operating in a small national context? How are small nations represented on screen, and
...
Hate Speech in Online Media in South East Europe
Tirana: Albanian Media Institute (2014), 199 pp.
Journalistic Education in South East Europe
Sofia: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Program South East Europe (2014), 51 pp.
"A disadvantage that is present in all countries is the insufficient cooperation between the universities and media outlets. There are not enough internships available. Besides that, it should be mentioned that many students continue to work at a media outlet where they did their internship and ther
...
Assisting Media Democratization After Low-Intensity Conflict: The Case of Macedonia
Sarajevo; Skopje: Analitika – Center for Social Research;Center for Research and Policy Making (CRPM) (2013), 59 pp.
"Bearing in mind the political and economic circumstances in the early stages of development of a democratic Macedonia, international donors played an important role in providing a vibrant media landscape including legal framework and relevant institutions. Donors in Macedonia engaged in a number of
...
Media Sustainability Index 2013: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2013), xx, 317 pp.
The Global Information Technology Report 2013: Growth and Jobs in a Hyperconnected World
Geneva: World Economic Forum;INSEAD (2013), 413 pp.
"Through the methodological framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the report measures the extent to which 144 economies, from both the developed and developing worlds, take advantage of ICTs and other new technologies to increase their growth and well-being. The NRI identifies the most r
...
The Media Landscape in 54 Countries: Country Profiles from the 2011 and 2012 UIS Pilot Surveys
Paris: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), 155 pp.
"The current UIS Questionnaire on Media Statistics provides information for three UNESCO frameworks, namely the Media and Information Literacy Framework, the Media Development Indicators Framework and the Framework for Cultural Statistics. The questionnaire collects data for reporting global progres
...
Balkan Media Barometer: Macedonia
Skopje: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2013), 64 pp.
Media Under Attack: Balkans and Former Soviet Union Press Freedom Review, January 2011 - December 2013
Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2013), 69 pp.
Information in Minority Languages in the Western Balkans: Freedom, Access, Marginalization
Sarajevo: Media Plan Institute (2013), 238 pp.
"The goal of this book is to present in a systematic way the results of analysis of content of media in minority languages in four countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia), relying on past practice, expertise and research results related to analysis of minority media and
...
Reporting on Interreligious and Interethnic Tensions: The Meaning Behind the Headlines, 2013
Skopje: School of Journalism and Public Relations;Institute for Communication Studies (2013), 161 pp.
"The quantitative content analysis identified the amount and the patterns of media reporting on delicate interethnic and interfaith issues, focusing on respect of different aspects of professional and ethical standards. The method of Critical Discourse Analysis is applied for the qualitative analysi
...
Western Balkans and Turkey Media and Freedom of Expression Fact-Finding and Scoping Study
European Commission;Particip (2013), 104 pp.
"The first component of this report focuses on the improvement of the performance of public sector broadcasters. Based on evidence that the team gathered during field research, and the preparatory survey of the existing body of knowledge, 23 main problems were identified in this component [...] The
...
Looking for Shortcuts? Assistance to – and Development of – Public Service Broadcasting in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Albania
Sarajevo: Analitika – Center for Social Research (2013), 31 pp.
The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World
Geneva: World Economic Forum;INSEAD (2012), 413 pp.
"The Report is composed of four thematic parts. Part 1 describes the conceptual framework and relates the findings of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2012. In addition, Part 1 features selected expert contributions on the general theme of hyperconnectivity. Part 2 includes two case studies showi
...
Media Sustainability Index 2012: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2012), xxi, 359 pp.
"TThe 2012 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia revealed a mix of positive developments, regression, and stagnation (or resilience, depending on one’s point of view). Nearly half of the 21 countries included in this study showed little change either way, their overall score moving by 0.10 or less. Six c
...
Mapping Digital Media: Macedonia
London: Open Society Foundations, Open Society Media Program (2012), 86 pp.
Diversity Through the Prism of Newsrooms: An Insight Into the News Production Process
Skopje: School of Journalism and Public Relations;Institute for Communication Studies (2012), 103 pp.
"The book presents the results of a comprehensive qualitative research study conducted in 2011 with journalists and editors in more than 20 newsrooms of different media outlets. Several authors analyzed different aspects of the reporting on diversity issues, on the basis of the views and opinions of
...
Model Interventions: The Evolution of Media Development Strategies in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, and Macedonia from 2000 to 2007
New York: Columbia University, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Doctoral Thesis (2012), 309 pp.
"International donors came to see media development as a silver bullet for democratization efforts to foster freedom of speech, civil society, good governance, as well as an engaged citizenry. Donors and practitioners initially believed that institutions, once established, would function in a specif
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INDIREG Preliminary Final Report: Indicators for Independence and Efficient Functioning of Audiovisual Media Services Regulatory Bodies for the Purpose of Enforcing the Rules in the AVMS Directive (SMART 2009/0001)
Hamburg; Leuven: Hans-Bredow-Institut;Center for Media and Communication Studies (CMCS), Central European University;Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Interdisciplinary Centre for Law & ICT (ICRI) (2011), 417 pp.
"The study has three general objectives: (1) A detailed legal description and analysis of the audiovisual media services regulatory bodies in the Member States, in candidate and potential candidate countries of the European Union and the EFTA countries, as well as four non-European countries; (2) an
...
Media Sustainability Index 2011: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2011), xxiii, 321 pp.
"With three notable exceptions—Belarus, Russia, and Uzbekistan—the media sector in the countries included in the first edition of the MSI in 2001 have over time either improved overall or stayed more or less the same. But, a review of overall MSI scores is just one way to use the MSI to see how
...
