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Youth and Media in Transition Societies: The Case of Bulgaria. A Preparative Study for the Symposium "Youth and Media in Transition Societies"

Rumiana Bozhkova

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2005), 54 pp.

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Freedom and Accountability: Safeguarding Free Expression Through Media Self-Regulation

Sara Buchanan, Luitgard Hammerer, Oliver Money-Kyrle (eds.)

London; Brussels: Article 19;International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2005), 96 pp.

"This report looks at how countries in Western Europe, in particular Sweden, Germany and the UK have developed press councils or complaints commissions and analyses recent initiatives in five countries of South East Europe aimed at improving journalistic standards and establishing some form of media ... more

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South East Europe Media Handbook 2004/2005

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2005), 404 pp.

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Television Across Europe: Regulation, Policy and Independence. Vol.1: Overview, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia
Top Insights

Budapest: Open Society Institute (2005), 621 pp.

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Internationales Handbuch Medien 2004/2005

Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos, 27th ed. (2004), 1200 pp.

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South East Europe Media Handbook 2003/2004

Oliver Vujovic (ed.)

Belgrade: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2004), 216 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2003: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Mark Whitehouse, Theo Dolan (eds.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2004), xxi, 277 pp.

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Media Landscape of South East Europe 2002

Sofia: ACCESS-Sofia Foundation (2003), 230 pp.

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Digital Opportunities for Development: A Sourcebook on Access and Application

Washington, DC: Academy for Educational Development (AED) (2003), 384 pp.

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Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations

Yasha Lange et al.

Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.

"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid ... e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2) more

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Media Sustainability Index 2002: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Mark Whitehouse, Theo Dolan (eds.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2003), xxi, 232 pp.

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Eastern Empires: Foreign Ownership in Central and Eastern European Media: Ownership, Policy Issues and Strategies

Granville Williams (ed.)

Brussels: European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) (2003), 67 pp.

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World Press Encyclopedia: A Survey of Press Systems Worldwide

Amanda C. Quick (ed.)

Detroit: Gale, 2nd ed. (2003), xxviii, 1285 pp.

"In these two volumes, readers will find comparative, in-depth essays on the press systems of 232 countries and/or territories. World Press Encyclopedia (WPE) is unique and valuable to users because, in addition to essays on each country’s press system, WPE also contains custommade graphs and stat ... more

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Internationales Handbuch Medien 2002/2003

Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos, 26th ed. (2002), 1056 pp.

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Der Transformationsprozess in Bulgarien und die Entwicklung der postsozialistischen Medienlandschaft

Michaela Tzankoff

Hamburg: Lit (2002), 196 pp.

"Bulgarien gehört zu den Transformationsländern Osteuropas, deren Entwicklung bislang vergleichsweise wenig Beachtung gefunden hat. Das vorliegende Buch zeichnet den Transformationsprozess Bulgariens seit 1989 nach, die politische und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und besonders die neu entstandene M ... more

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