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What We Think We Know and What We Want to Know: Perspectives on Trust in News in a Changing World

Benjamin Toff, Sumitra Badrinathan, Camila Mont’Alverne, Amy Ross Arguedas, Richard Fletcher, Rasmus Kleis Nelsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 26 pp.

"Trust in news has eroded worldwide. According to the Reuters Institute’s Digital News Report 2020, fewer than four in ten people (38%) across 40 markets say they typically trust most news. While trust has fallen by double digit margins in recent years in many places, including Brazil and the Unit ... ed Kingdom, in other countries more stable overall trends conceal stark and growing partisan divides. Why is trust eroding, how does it play out across different contexts and different groups, what are the implications, and what might be done about it? These are the organising questions behind the Trust in News Project. This report is the first of many we will publish from the project over the next three years. Because trust is a relationship between trustors and trustees, we anticipate focusing primarily on audiences and the way they think about trust, but we begin the project by taking stock of how those who study journalism and those who practice it think about the subject [...] We focus on media environments in four democracies – Brazil, India, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries encompass both the Global South and North, with a range of cultural heterogeneity and political practices that vary in their partisan and populist tendencies. For our purposes, one of the most important differences across these countries is in how audiences have integrated digital and social media practices into how they consume news. Whereas public social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have rapidly become key conduits of information in democracies worldwide, many of those we interviewed pointed to the popularity of encrypted messaging services like WhatsApp, specifically in Brazil and India, which have combined with deficits in digital literacy to serve as a ‘breeding ground’ for misinformation and disinformation (Chakrabarti et al. 2018). As Irineu Machado, head of content delivery at UOL (Brazil), told us, audiences increasingly ‘distrust organisations who traditionally’ cover news and ‘distrust information in general’, and some rely not just on public social networking sites but also private groups and messaging applications [...] This report is divided into two main sections. First, we outline important lessons from existing research and practitioners’ observations on trust in news. Second, we identify outstanding questions that we expect will guide our project in the years ahead." (Introduction) more

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COVID-19 Vaccination Communication: Applying Behavioral and Social Science to Address Vaccine Hesitancy and Foster Vaccine Confidence

Sylvia Chou Wen-Ying, Caitlin E. Burgdorf, Anna Gaysynsky, Christine M. Hunter

National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2020), 23 pp.

"This report, which was developed in consultation with leading experts in social and behavioral sciences and public health, outlines evidence-informed communication strategies in support of national COVID-19 vaccine distribution efforts across federal agencies and their state and local partners. The ... more

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There's an App for That: Headspace, Meditation, and the Shifting Religious Landscape of a Digital World

Darcy Isobel Cyr Groves

Bard College (2020), 50 pp.

"[This publication] is a senior project in Religious Studies that explores the conditions, both historical and clinical, which led to the popularity of the guided meditation app Headspace, and the cultural attitudes that surround mindfulness meditation in America." (Publisher description)

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Introducing Vigilant Audiences

Daniel Trottier, Rashid Gabdulhakov, Qian Huang (eds.)

Cambridge: Open Book Publishers (2020), xiii, 342 pp.

"The authors engage with a range of cross-disciplinary perspectives in order to explore the actions of a vigilant digital audience — denunciation, shaming, doxing — and to consider the role of the press and other public figures in supporting or contesting these activities. In turn, the volume il ... more

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JMR’s Participatory Journalism Playbook: A Field Guide to Listening and Reporting with Communities

Jesikah Maria Ross

Internews (2020), 26 pp.

"The guide aims to make what community engagement practitioners do visible and demonstrate why it matters. We’re not walking Rolodexes for reporters to tap, nor are we party planners or social media administrators. We create spaces and processes for the people we want to serve to articulate their ... more

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Combatting Digital Disinformation: An Evaluation of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Disinformation Strategy

Amy O’Hara, Jodi Nelson

Hewlett Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The Hewlett Foundation’s decision to add a focus on disinformation to its 2017 US Democracy strategy was motivated by a desire to figure out how best to encourage social media platforms to reduce polarization exacerbated by disinformation.1 The foundation invested in two major efforts to support ... this ambition: a multi-funder partnership with Facebook to create data access for independent researchers to study the impact of social media on democracy and elections; and a grant making portfolio conceived to build an academic field to deepen the understanding of disinformation and identify policy solutions that mitigate its spread and impact on society . We found compelling the suggestion that disinformation is better considered a topic than a coherent field, and that multi-disciplinarity brings richness in framing, methods, and applications. Among Hewlett grantees, scholars self-identify as members of different fields that carry with them important epistemological and philosophical differences. We found evidence that there are perceived gaps between researchers, platforms, journalists, policy makers, civil society and others that obstruct the development of policy solutions. The missing competency among many academics to translate research findings for use, and of the need for tighter connections between scholars and decision makers were additional insights we gained about important gaps in the current landscape. During the two-year grantmaking period, the disinformation portfolio invested in varied policy and academic institutions and supported a diverse group of principal investigators. This is in contrast to the perceptions we heard about the foundation’s lack of a diverse grantee portfolio and approach. We learned from key informants and secondary research that there is an inextricable link between disinformation, racial and social equity and justice. A stronger communication strategy about the foundation team’s approach to diversity, equity and inclusion is warranted, as is a deliberate effort to showcase the work of all their grantees and their distinct perspectives. The foundation’s significant role in creating momentum for this body of work was widely noted, as was the need for continued leadership and support." (Executive summary, page 2-3) more

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Global Information Society Watch 2020. Technology, the Environment and a Sustainable World: Responses from the Global South
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Alan Finlay et al.

Association for Progressive Communications (APC);Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) (2020), 268 pp.

"The world is facing an unprecedented climate and environmental emergency. Scientists have identified human activity as primarily responsible for the climate crisis, which together with rampant environmental pollution, and the unbridled activities of the extractive and agricultural industries, pose ... more

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Social Media and Youth Wellbeing: What We Know and Where We Could Go

Mizuko Ito, Candice Odgers, Stephen Schueller

Irvine, CA: Connected Learning Alliance (2020), 32 pp.

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Russian Propaganda Hits its Mark: Experimentally Testing the Impact of Russian Propaganda and Counter-Interventions

Todd C. Helmus, James V. Marrone et al.

Santa Monica: RAND Corporation (2020), xv, 86 pp.

"Given the size and scope of the Russian propaganda campaign that targeted the U.S. electorate in 2016, it is critical to understand both the impact of that campaign and the mechanisms that can reduce the impact of future campaigns. This report, the third in a four-part series, describes a study con ... more

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Digital Inclusion Across the Globe: What is Being Done to Tackle Digital Inequities?

Bianca C. Reisdorf, Colin Rhinesmith (eds.)

Social Inclusion, volume 8, issue 2 (2020), pp. 132-259

"There is a large body of research that has examined digital inequities, inequalities, and divides—i.e., those countries, communities, and individuals digitally left behind or disadvantaged. Whereas we know quite a lot about what is lacking and for whom, there is less focus on what works to allevi ... more

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The Routledge Handbook to the Culture and Media of the Americas

Wilfried Raussert, Giselle Liza Anatol, Sebastian Thies, Sarah Corona Berkin, José Carlos Lozano (eds.)

London et al.: Routledge (2020), xix, 493 pp.

"The Routledge Handbook to the Culture and Media of the Americas charts the pervasive, asymmetrical flows of cultural products and capital and their importance in the development of the Americas. The volume offers a comprehensive understanding of how inter-American communication is constituted, fram ... more

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Las „sectas“ protestantes y el espíritu del (anti-) imperialismo: Entrelazamientos religiosos en las Américas

Heinrich Wilhelm Schäfer

Kipu-Verlag (2020), 250 pp.

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The Routledge Companion to Disability and Media
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Katie Ellis, Gerard Goggin, Beth A. Haller, Rosemary Curtis (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), xxvi, 423 pp.

"An authoritative and indispensable guide to disability and media, this thoughtfully curated collection features varied and provocative contributions from distinguished scholars globally, alongside next-generation research leaders. Disability and media has emerged as a dynamic and exciting area of c ... more

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Environmental Media Grantmaking: How Funders Are Tipping the Scales Toward Change

Sarah Armour-Jones

Philadelphia: Media Impact Funders (2020), 32 pp.

"This report—which complements MIF’s in-person and online convenings throughout the year—aims to highlight trends in environmental media grantmaking, impact studies and examples of promising media projects, and insights from funders in the space. This report focuses on U.S. funders who give in ... more

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Prinzip Mensch: Macht, Freiheit und Demokratie im Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz

Paul Nemitz, Matthias Pfeffer

Bonn: Dietz (2020), 431 pp.

"Paul Nemitz und Matthias Pfeffer zeigen eindrücklich, wie die derzeitigen Versuche ethischer Regulierung von Künstlicher Intelligenz zu kurz greifen. Nemitz ist Mitglied der Datenethikkommission der Bundesregierung und war massgeblich verantwortlich für die Einführung der EU-Datenschutzgrundver ... more

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Conspiracy Theories: A Primer

Joseph E. Uscinski

Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield (2020), ix, 159 pp.

"Analyzes current arguments and evidence while providing real-world examples so students can contextualize and visualize the debates. Each chapter addresses important current questions, provides conceptual tools, defines important terms, and introduces the appropriate methods of analysis"--

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A digital scramble for Africa: US, EU and Chinese influences on internet regulation in Africa and their effects on freedom of expression and the right to privacy

David Fischer

Coimbra: University of Coimbra, European Master’s Programme in Human Rights and Democratisation, Master Thesis (2020), 91 pp.

"Divisive Internet regulation is fragmenting the formerly worldwide web into numerous shards that follow their own rules. The US, the EU and China are influential in shaping regulation even beyond their own jurisdictions, with consequences for human rights, particularly in Africa. This paper argues ... more

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Digital Inclusion Across the Americas and the Caribbean

Laura Robinson, Jeremy Schulz, Matías Dodel, Teresa Correa, Eduardo Villanueva-Mansilla et al.

Social Inclusion, volume 8, issue 2 (2020), pp. 244-259

"This research brings together scholarship across the Americas and Caribbean to examine digital inclusion initiatives in the following countries: Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, the United States, and Canada. Across the cases, several themes emerge that offer important indicator ... more

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A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India

Andrew M. Guessa, Michael Lernerb, Benjamin Lyonsd, Jacob M. Montgomerye, Brendan Nyhanf, Jason Reiflerg, Neelanjan Sircarh

PNAS, volume 117, issue 27 (2020), 10 pp.

"Using data from preregistered survey experiments conducted around recent elections in the United States and India, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention modeled closely on the world’s largest media literacy campaign, which provided “tips” on how to spot false news to people in 14 cou ... more

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Theorising Media and Conflict

Philipp Budka, Birgit Bräuchler (eds.)

New York; Oxford: Berghahn (2020), x, 339 pp.

"Theorising Media and Conflict is the result of a joint and interdisciplinary effort to set the theoretical and empirical agenda in theorising upon the complex relationship between media and conflict. By considering the theorisation work accomplished by the ‘Anthropology of Media’ series forerun ... more

Global Information Society Watch 2020. Technology, the Environment and a Sustainable World: Responses from the Global South Top Insights

The Routledge Companion to Disability and Media Top Insights

Global Information Society Watch 2020. Technology, the Environment and a Sustainable World: Responses from the Global South
Top Insights

The Routledge Companion to Disability and Media
Top Insights