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Middle East Media Research: Problems and Approaches

Dina Matar, Ehab Bessaiso
In: The Handbook of Global Media Research
Ingrid Volkmer (ed.)
Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley Blackwell (2012), pp. 195-211
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Shooting War or Peace Photographs? An Examination of Newswires’ Coverage of the Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009)

Shahira Fahmy, Rico Neumann
American Behavioral Scientist, volume 56, issue 2 (2012), pp. NP1-NP26
"According to Galtung, a peace journalism frame is one that highlights peace initiatives and tones down differences by promoting conflict resolution. A war journalism frame, in his view, is one that highlights differences between opposing parties, urging violence as means to a resolution. Thus, base ... more
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Patterns of News Media Consumption Among Young People in Libya

Mokhtar Elareshi, Barrie Gunter
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 4, issue 2 (2012), pp. 173-191
"The purpose of the study was to investigate patterns of major local and non-local news suppliers operating across a range of media – broadcast and print – and relationships between Libyan undergraduate students’ consumption of different news media platforms. A survey was administered to a sam ... more
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Tunisie: La protection de la liberté d’expression et la liberté de l’information dans la nouvelle constitution

London: Free World Centre (2012), 43 pp.
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Digital Media in the Arab World: One Year After the Revolutions

Jeffrey Ghannam
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 31 pp.
"Following the revolutions, the battle for the Arab blogosphere has turned from being a competition over accessing the Internet and circumventing government controls to a cyberwar for the predominant narrative through Facebook, Twitter, and traditional media [...] Social media is reinvigorating trad ... more
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National Web Studies: Mapping Iran Online

Richard Rogers, Esther Weltevrede, Sabine Niederer, Erik Borra
Philadelphia: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Global Communication Studies (CGCS) (2012), 25 pp.
"Instead of defining a priori the types of websites to be included in a national web, the approach put forward here makes use of web devices (platforms and engines) that purport to provide (ranked) lists of URLs relevant to a particular country. Once gathered in such a manner, the websites are studi ... more
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Censorship in Lebanon: Law and Practice

Nizar Saghieh, Rana Saghieh, Nayla Geagea
Beirut: Marsad al-Raqaba The Censorship Observatory;Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2012), 149 pp.
"This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of censorship in Lebanon which will hopefully allow the many local artistic and cultural actors the opportunity to lobby for the most appropriate legislative amendments to the current censorship regulations which are currently not conducive to t ... more
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Clicks, Cabs, and Coffee Houses: Social Media and Oppositional Movements in Egypt, 2004–2011

Merlyna Lim
Journal of Communication, volume 62 (2012), pp. 231-248
"To deepen our understanding of the relationship between social media and political change during the Egyptian uprising of early 2011, events in Tahrir Square must be situated in a larger context of media use and recent history of online activism. For several years, the most successful social moveme ... more
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Tunisian Media in Transition

Fatima El-Issawi
Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2012), 27 pp.
"The Tunisian media is still a venue for manipulation, intimidation, and bias. Media outlets are becoming the main stage for the fierce political and ideological battle between the country’s opposing camps: conservative Islamists and secular elitists. Ennahda, the Islamist winner of the first free ... more
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Social Media in the Arab World: Influencing Societal and Cultural Change?

Fadi Salem, Racha Mourtada
Arab Social Media Report (Dubai School of Government), volume 2, issue 1 (2012), 29 pp.
"In this fourth issue of the report, we focus on exploring the societal and cultural transformations taking place in the Arab region, influenced by the continuing exponential growth of social media. In this edition of the report we provide regional statistics on more social networking platforms, in ... more
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The New Tunisian Legislative Framework: A Focus on Press and Audiovisual Media

Joan Barata Mir
Internews (2012), 15 pp.
This report analyzes the most important trends of two recent major laws aimed at regulating free speech and media issues in Tunisia: Decree 115 of 2011 (Decree 115/2011), on the Press, Printing and Publishing, and Decree 116 of 2011 (Decree 116/2011), on the Freedom of Audiovisual Communication and ... more
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Egyptian E-Diaspora: Migrant Websites Without a Network?

Marta Severo, Eleonora Zuolo
Paris: Fondation Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (2012), 19 pp.
"This article investigates the phenomenon of the Egyptian diaspora through an innovative approach based on the analysis of digital activity and the presence of Egyptian connected migrants. Following the methodology of the e-Diasporas project, we found a scarcely connected network of websites, with a ... more
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The Media Landscape in 28 Countries: Results from a UIS Pilot Survey

Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2012), 84 pp.
"This paper presents the results of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) pilot survey on media statistics conducted in 28 countries in 2011. The survey instruments were designed to provide an initial set of quantitative indicators identified by UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators project. G ... more
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Global Survey on Internet Privacy and Freedom of Expression

Andrew Puddephatt, Toby Mendel, Ben Wagner, Dixie Hawtin, Natalia Torres
Paris: UNESCO (2012), 142 pp.
"This publication seeks to identify the relationship between freedom of expression and Internet privacy, assessing where they support or compete with each other in different circumstances. The publication maps out the issues in the current regulatory landscape of Internet privacy from the viewpoint ... more
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Iraq’s Information Crimes Law: Badly Written Provisions and Draconian Punishments Violate Due Process and Free Speech

New York et al.: Human Rights Watch (2012), 15 pp.
"Iraq’s parliament is in the process of enacting an “Information Crimes Law” to regulate the use of information networks, computers, and other electronic devices and systems. The draft law includes vague provisions that would allow Iraqi authorities to deter legitimate criticisms of or peacefu ... more
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Is the Phone Mightier than the Sword? Cell Phones and Insurgent Violence in Iraq

Jacob N. Shapiro, Nils B. Weidmann
International Organization, volume 69, issue 2 (2012), pp. 247-274
"Does improved communication as provided by modern cell phone technology affect the production of violence during insurgencies? Theoretical predictions are ambiguous, introducing cell phones can enhance insurgent communications but can also make it easier for the population to share information with ... more
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Support to Media Where Media Freedoms and Rights Are Constrained: What Works and Why? Global Synthesis Report

Mary Myers
London: BBC Media Action (2012), 32 pp.
"This report addresses the challenges of supporting independent media in countries where media freedoms are restricted, based on country case studies in Bangladesh, Cambodia, South Sudan, Syria and Uganda. According to Myers, the dilemmas of foreign support include short-term donor strategies, the l ... more
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Netzwerk-Journalismus: Zur veränderten Vermittlerrolle von Journalisten am Beispiel einer Case Study zu Twitter und den Unruhen in Iran

Thomas Plotkowiak, Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Jana Ebermann, Miriam Meckel, Matthes Fleck
Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, volume 60, issue 1 (2012), pp. 102-124
"Partizipative Internettechnologien sorgen für ein verändertes Aufgabenprofil und Rollenbild von Journalisten. Besonders in Krisensituationen oder bei politischen Konflikten können Informationen, die über die sozialen Plattformen des Webs verbreitet werden, wichtige Quellen journalistischer Arbe ... more
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Women and the Web: Bridging the Internet Gap and Creating New Global Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries

Yana Watson Kakar, Vicky Hausman, Andria Thomas, Chris Denny-Brown
Santa Clara, Calif.; New York: Intel; Dalberg Global Development Advisors (2012), 100 pp.
"This report [is] the first compilation of the global data on how women in developing countries access and use the Internet. I am convinced this report provides key insights for policy makers, the development community and industry. Based on interviews and surveys of 2,200 women in developing countr ... more
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Tunisia: From Revolutions to Institutions

Zack Brisson, Kate Krontiris
Washington, DC: infoDev Information for Development Program (2012), 121 pp.
"The study “Tunisia: from revolutions to institutions” stresses how technology-oriented small and medium-sized companies (SMEs) can generate economic expansion and job growth, including in the economically-isolated interior provinces. Tunisian ICT companies are likely to find an attractive marke ... more