Middle East & North Africa
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2195
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Topics
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
160
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
122
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
103
Media Law & Regulation
102
War Reporting
78
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
67
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
66
Journalism Education & Training
58
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
56
Political Transition and Media
55
Press Landscapes
53
Censorship
51
Female Journalists & Media Workers
50
Satellite Television
50
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
47
Politics and Media
47
Journalism
46
Democracy / Democratization and Media
45
Social Media
42
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
42
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
40
Islam and Communication
39
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
38
Al-Jazeera
38
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
37
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
36
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
35
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
34
Media & Communication Policies
34
Television
34
Media Use, Media Consumption
33
Media / Communication Control
33
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
33
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
32
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
31
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
30
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
30
Freedom of Expression
29
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
29
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
29
Twitter & Microblogs
29
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
29
Audiences & Users
28
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
28
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
28
News Agencies
28
Media Assistance
28
Internet
27
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
26
Islamist Communications & Media
26
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
25
Facebook
25
International Communication
25
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
25
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
24
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
24
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
24
Television Landscapes
24
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
23
Foreign News, International News
23
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
22
Community Radios
22
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
22
Political Blogging
21
Educational Television
21
Globalisation of Media
21
Associations & Networks of Journalists
21
Television News
21
Media & Information Literacy
21
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
21
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
20
National Cinemas, National Film Production
20
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
20
Social Media in Political Communication
20
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
20
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
20
Cinema
19
Educational Radio Programmes
19
Radio Landscapes
19
Propaganda
19
Radio
19
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
18
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
18
Media Use: Youth
18
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
18
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
18
Journalism Ethics
18
Foreign Correspondents
18
Public Spheres
18
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
17
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
17
Media Ownership
17
COVID-19 Communication
17
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
17
Influence of Media on Politics
17
Public Service Broadcasting
17
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
17
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
16
Book Markets & Industries
16
Conflicts and Media
16
Development and Media
16
Digital Media Landscapes
16
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
16
Press
16
Public Media, State Media
16
Non-Western Communication Approaches
16
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
15
Alternative Communication & Media
15
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
15
Blogging, Blogs
15
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
15
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
15
Feminism & Communication
15
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
15
Transnational Television, International Television
15
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
15
Politics
15
Newspapers
15
Religion and Communication
15
Telecommunication Infrastructure
15
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
14
Mobile Phone Use
14
Book Publishing
14
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
14
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
14
ICT Regulation
14
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
14
Election Reporting
14
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
14
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
14
Political Communication
14
Book Trade & Distribution
13
Children's Television Programmes
13
Films
13
Participatory Communication
13
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
13
Digital & Information Literacy
13
E-Governance, E-Democracy
13
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
13
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
13
Muslim Television Broadcasting
13
Judaism and Communication
13
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
12
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
12
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
12
Collective Identities & Media
12
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
12
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
12
Economics of Media
12
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
12
Self-Regulation of Media
12
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
12
Journalistic Quality
12
Journalists
12
Media, Mass Media
12
Research in Media & Communication
12
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
12
Advertising
11
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
11
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
11
Film Industries
11
Television Programme & Format Trade
11
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
11
Government Communication Strategies
11
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
11
Social Change & Media / Communication
11
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
11
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
11
Media Markets
11
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
11
Ethics in Media & Communication
11
Defamation Law & Regulation
11
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
11
Media Literacy: Youth
11
Public & State Television
11
Media Effects
11
Muslim Media
11
Society
11
Christian Television
10
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
10
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
10
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
10
Cultural Identity
10
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
10
Media Concentration
10
Gaming, Video Games
10
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
10
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
10
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
10
Investigative Journalism
10
News
10
Media Management
10
Diasporas
10
Framing
10
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
10
Islam
10
Jihad
10
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
10
Civil Society
10
Television Programmes & Genres
10
Access to Media & Information
9
Advertising Markets & Industries
9
Area & Regional Studies
9
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
9
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
9
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
9
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
9
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
9
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
9
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
9
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
9
Diaspora Media
9
LGBT & Communication / Media
9
Political Economy of Media
9
Bias in News Media
9
Good Practice Examples
9
Religion: Media Representation
9
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
9
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
9
Religious Freedom
9
Photography
9
Arab Spring (2010-2012)
9
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
9
Election Campaigns: Social Media
9
Public Opinion
9
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
8
African Cinema
8
Communication Rights
8
Terrorism
8
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
8
Extremist Recruitment through Media
8
Theatre
8
Literature
8
Internet Shutdowns
8
Digital Political Communication
8
YouTube
8
Artificial Intelligence
8
ICTs and Development
8
ICT Industries & Markets
8
Religious Minorities & Media
8
Media Industries
8
Economy
8
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
8
Humour, Parody, Satire
8
Television Serials
8
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
8
Health Communication
8
World Information and Communication Order
8
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
8
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
8
Photojournalism
8
Media System Analyses & Typologies
8
Refugees / Displaced People
8
Islamism
8
Telecommunications
8
Television Channels
8
Visual Communication
8
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
8
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
7
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
7
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
7
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
7
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
7
Children and Media
7
Media Assistance: Film Funding
7
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
7
Storytelling
7
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
7
Digital Communication, Digital Media
7
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
7
Digital Media Markets
7
Instagram
7
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
7
Romani People
7
Libraries
7
Audiovisual Media in Education
7
Political Parody and Satire
7
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
7
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
7
Gender & Religious Communication
7
Foreign Television Programmes
7
Image Abroad
7
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
7
UNESCO
7
United Nations (UN)
7
Journalism Education Curricula
7
Human Rights Violations
7
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
7
Conflict & War Photography
7
Hinduism and Communication
7
Youth and Media
7
Advocacy & Political Films
6
Media Use: Children
6
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
6
Religious Media Use, Religious Media Audiences
6
History of Book Publishing
6
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
6
War & Political Violence in Cinema
6
Self-Censorship
6
Community Media
6
Traditional Communication
6
Holocaust
6
Anthropology of Media & Communication
6
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
6
Political Websites & Online Communities
6
Mobile Phone Markets
6
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
6
Racism in Communication & Media
6
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
6
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
6
Documenting Human Rights Violations
6
Music Industries & Markets
6
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
6
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
6
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
6
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
6
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
6
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
6
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
6
History (General)
6
Indigenous Communication
6
Arab World / Middle East: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
6
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
6
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
6
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
6
Political Reporting
6
Democracy
6
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
6
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
6
Magazines
6
Antisemitism
6
Religion and Politics
6
Religious Television Programmes
6
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
6
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
6
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
6
Youth & Digital Media
6
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
5
Catholic Church and Communication
5
Church History
5
Political Cartoons & Comics
5
Media Reception & Effects: Children
5
Coptic Orthodox Church
5
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
5
Educational Films & Videos
5
Film Markets
5
Crisis Communication
5
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
5
Iraq War (2003)
5
Dealing With the Past
5
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
5
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
5
Media Ethnography
5
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
5
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
5
Behaviour Change Communication
5
Convergence of Media
5
Digital Inclusion
5
Financing Digital / Online Media
5
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
5
TikTok
5
WhatsApp
5
Gender and ICTs / Internet
5
ICT Policies
5
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
5
Press Markets
5
Television Markets
5
Education and Communication / Media
5
Environmental Communication
5
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
5
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
5
Gender Relations
5
Gender-Sensitive Journalism
5
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
5
Health Campaigns: Experiences
5
HIV / AIDS Communication
5
History of Media & Communication
5
History of Communication: Islam
5
International Media & Communication Policies
5
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
5
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
5
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
5
Labour Market for Journalists
5
Arabic Language
5
Local Communication & Media
5
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
5
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
5
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
5
Human Rights
5
Television Law & Regulation
5
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
5
Democratization
5
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
5
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
5
Religion (General)
5
Corruption & Combating Corruption
5
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
5
Social Change
5
Society & Media, Media Sociology
5
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
5
Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
5
Urban Communication, Urban Media
5
User-Generated Contents
5
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
5
Youth Media
5
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
4
Flow of Information
4
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
4
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
4
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
4
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
4
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
4
Internet & Social Media Use: Minorities
4
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
4
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
4
Television Use: Youth
4
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
4
Book Policies (National & International)
4
Book Publishing Houses
4
Copyright: Books
4
Muslim Book Publishing
4
Election Campaigns
4
Catholic Church
4
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
4
Child Migrants, Child Refugees, Child Diasporas
4
Christian Communication
4
Christian Minorities
4
Homiletics, Preaching, Sermons
4
Persecution of / Violence Against Christians
4
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
4
Film Distribution
4
Film Trade, Film Export & Import
4
Transnational Film Co-Productions
4
Videos
4
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
4
Editorial Independence
4
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
4
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
4
Alternative Press
4
Community Television
4
Participatory Videos & Community Filmmaking
4
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
4
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
4
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
4
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
4
Media Criticism
4
Theatre for Development
4
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
4
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
4
Culture (General)
4
Narratives, Narrative Structures
4
Development Assistance
4
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
4
Good Governance
4
Digital Media Startups
4
Digital Research Methods
4
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
4
Internet Markets
4
Podcasts
4
Online News
4
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
4
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
4
Information Society
4
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
4
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
4
Archives
4
Audio Archives, Visual Archives, Media Archives
4
Curricula: School Education
4
Television Dramas
4
Environmental Journalism
4
Image Ethics, Ethics in Photojournalism
4
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
4
Women (General)
4
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
4
Vaccination Campaigns & Vaccine Hesitancy
4
Colonial Legacies
4
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
4
International News Flow
4
Exiled Journalists
4
News Values, News Selection Criteria
4
Science Journalism
4
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
4
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
4
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
4
Media Assistance: Radio
4
Media Literacy: Curricula
4
Broadcasting Companies
4
Media Outlets, Media Associations
4
BBC
4
Deutsche Welle
4
Migration
4
Accountability & Transparency
4
Military
4
Political Resistance
4
Independent & Oppositional Media
4
Manipulation
4
Buddhism and Communication
4
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
4
Interreligious Dialogue
4
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
4
Research Methods
4
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
4
Informatics
4
Mobile Phone Apps
4
Al-Arabiya
4
Postcolonial & Decolonial Communication Approaches
4
Youth, Adolescents
4
Youth Television Programmes
4
Audience Research
3
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
3
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
3
Gaming: Uses & Effects
3
Information Needs in Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
3
Media & ICT Use in Authoritarian Regimes / Dictatorships
3
Media Use: Entertainment
3
Mobile Phone Use: Migrants & Refugees
3
Print Media Use, Press Readers
3
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
3
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
3
Children's Books & Literature
3
E-Books & Digital Book Publishing
3
Campaigning: Experiences
3
Children's Rights
3
Girls and Media
3
Media Literacy: Children
3
Puppetry
3
Christian Radios
3
Sat-7 (Television Channel)
3
Televangelism
3
Orthodox Churches and Communication
3
Cinema in the Global South & Third Cinema
3
Film and Religion, Religion in Motion Pictures
3
Film Festivals
3
Ethnographic Films
3
Nollywood
3
Film Music
3
Film Training & Film Schools
3
History of Film & Cinema
3
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
3
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
3
Communication Strategies
3
Government Propaganda
3
Community Development
3
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
3
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
3
Civil Wars
3
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
3
Religious Communication in Conflicts & Peacebuilding
3
Transitional Justice Reporting
3
Violence in the Media
3
Contents of Media
3
Content Analysis (Research Method)
3
Visual Anthropology
3
Cultural Studies
3
Fans, Fandom, Fan Cultures
3
Manuscripts, Scripture, Calligraphy
3
Developing Countries
3
Communication for Social Change
3
Edutainment Television Programmes
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
3
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
3
Digital Labour, Digital Work
3
Cyberfaith / Virtual Spirituality
3
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
3
Internet / ICTs and Social Change
3
Electronic Commerce
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Influencers (Social Media)
3
Websites
3
News Websites & Portals
3
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
3
Educational Use of ICTs / Internet
3
ICTs and Poverty Reduction
3
ICT Development Assistance
3
ICT Indicators
3
International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Media Clusters
3
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
3
Radio Markets
3
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
3
Poverty & Poverty Reduction
3
Audiobooks & Audio Cassettes
3
Entertainment and Media / Communication
3
Sports Reporting
3
Communication for Sustainable Development
3
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
3
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
3
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
3
Press Councils
3
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
3
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
3
History of Media: Colonial Period
3
History of the Press
3
History of War Reporting
3
Slavery, Slaves
3
Africa: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
3
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
3
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
3
USA: International Broadcasting & Public Diplomacy
3
Foreign Policies
3
Francophonie
3
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
3
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
3
Local Journalism
3
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
3
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
3
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
3
Television Journalism
3
Language and Media
3
Rhetorics, Public Speaking, Speeches
3
Translations & Translating
3
Deutsche Welle DW Akademie
3
Media Assistance: Interaction with Foreign Policies
3
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
3
Media Assistance: Middle East
3
Media Assistance: Refugees
3
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
3
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
3
USA: Media Assistance
3
Television Policies
3
Media Literacy Policies
3
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
3
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
3
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
3
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
3
Regulatory Bodies
3
Transitional Justice
3
Failures, Mistakes, Shortcomings: Experiences & Learnings
3
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
3
Migrants
3
Music
3
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
3
People with Disabilities: Tailored ICT & Media Products
3
Populism
3
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
3
Watchdog Role of the Media
3
Public & State Radios
3
Images in Religion, Images of God
3
Religion and Society
3
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
3
Youth & Religious Communication
3
Communication & Media Indicators
3
Network Analysis
3
Digital Television
3
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
3
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
3
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
3
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
3
Television Talk Shows
3
Access to Media & Information: Disadvantaged Groups and Minorities
2
Access to Media & Information: Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas
2
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
2
Advocacy & Empowerment: Indigenous People
2
Advocacy & Empowerment: Migrants & Refugees
2
Advocacy & Empowerment: Youth
2
Celebrity Humanitarianism
2
Empowerment
2
Mobile Phone Advocacy & Campaigns
2
Geography
2
Audience Composition
2
Audience Research Methods
2
Community Radio Audiences & Use
2
Elderly People: Internet & Social Media Use
2
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
2
Elderly People: Media Use
2
Information Needs
2
Media Socialisation, Media Biographies, Media Life Journeys
2
Television Use: Children
2
Media Use: Conflict Areas
2
Media Use: Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
2
Media Use: Foreign & International News
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Transnational Repression
2
Cinema in Authoritarian Regimes
2
Books
2
Book Design & Production
2
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
2
Children's Books: Picture Books
2
Gender and Book Publishing
2
Literary / Fiction Book Publishing
2
Professional, Specialist & Technical Books
2
Youth Literature & Books
2
Télé Lumière (Catholic Television Channel, Lebanon)
2
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
2
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
2
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Children's Media
2
Educational Comics & Comics for Development
2
Violence in the Media: Effects on Children
2
Bible, Biblical Theology
2
Christian Churches & Denominations
2
Evangelical Churches
2
Christianity (General)
2
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
2
Theologies of Communication
2
Film & Gender
2
Film Genres
2
Comedies
2
Ethnic Films, Minority Films
2
Historical Films
2
Indigenous Films, Indigenous Videos
2
Hollywood
2
Digital Rights
2
Freedom of Expression Principles
2
Plagiarism
2
Development Organizations: Communication Strategies & Media Representation
2
Public Relations
2
Media Assistance: Community Radios
2
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
2
Traditional Music
2
Conflicts
2
Ethnic Conflicts
2
Genocides
2
Reconciliation Work
2
Boko Haram
2
Gaza War (2023-)
2
Humanitarian Interventions
2
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
2
Crime & Violence Reporting
2
Enemy Images
2
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
2
Internet / ICTs and Conflicts
2
Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
2
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
2
Peace Culture, Peace Education, Non-Violence
2
Aesthetics in Media & Communication
2
Discourse & Discourse Analysis
2
Mythology & Communication, Media Myths
2
Ritual Communication & Media Rituals
2
Arabic culture
2
Architecture
2
Street Theatre
2
Religious Art
2
Creative & Cultural Industries
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Change
2
Cultural Heritage
2
Cultural Values
2
Hybrid Cultures, Hybridization
2
Poetry
2
Media Cultures
2
Democracy Assistance
2
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
2
Development Planning
2
North South Relations
2
Communicating Development Projects, Media in Development Programmes
2
Development Aid Reporting
2
Development Communication Theories
2
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
2
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
2
Edutainment Radio Programmes
2
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
2
Street Television: Video Screenings in Public Places
2
Algorithms & Big Data
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Digital Businesses
2
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
2
Religious Apps
2
Digital Media Management, Online Media Management
2
Digital Skills, Digital Production Skills
2
Internet and Politics
2
Online Magazines & Newspapers
2
Online Radio, Internet Radio, Radio Streaming
2
Online Services
2
Netflix
2
Open Access Publishing
2
LinkedIn
2
Streaming Media
2
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
2
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
2
Afro-Latin Americans, Afroamerican Population
2
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
2
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
2
Minorities & Disadavantaged Groups: Oppression
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
2
Early Warning: Disasters
2
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
2
Media Assistance: Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
2
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
2
Gendered Disinformation
2
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
2
Digital & Online Archives
2
Media Market Transparency
2
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
2
Domestic Workers
2
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
2
Adult Education
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Educational Radios
2
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
2
Mentoring
2
Training of Trainers, Teacher Education
2
Infotainment, Politainment
2
Sports
2
Docudrama
2
Tourism & Travel
2
Deserts, Desertification
2
Environmental Activism
2
Water Resources Management, Water Access & Supply
2
Defamation, Libel, Slander
2
Morals
2
Religious Communication Ethics, Religious Media Ethics
2
Victim-Sensitive Reporting
2
Participatory, Collaborative & Empowerment Evaluation
2
Women's Radio Programmes
2
Gender Discrimination, Gender Inequalities
2
Gender Issues: Media Coverage
2
Child Health, Mother & Child Care Communication
2
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
2
Health Campaigns: Message Design
2
Health Journalism
2
Suicide Reporting & Media Representation
2
Colonial Period
2
History of Television
2
Nazism
2
Indigenous Languages
2
Adaptation of Media Products to Other Countries / Cultural Contexts
2
Intercultural Dialogue
2
China: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
2
Germany: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
2
Glocalization of Media
2
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
2
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
2
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
2
Transnational Television Co-Productions, International Television Co-Productions
2
China: Foreign Policy, Foreign Investments, Development Assistance
2
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
2
Journalism Training in Conflict Areas
2
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
2
Local News
2
Radio Journalism
2
Business & Economics Journalism
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Judaism: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Religious Journalism, Religion News
2
Language
2
Language Learning & Teaching
2
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
2
Media & Communication Terminologies
2
Minority Languages
2
Local Press
2
European Union: Media Assistance
2
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
2
Media Assistance: Impacts, Effectiveness, Efficiency
2
Media Assistance: Television
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Communication Networks
2
Communication Systems
2
Digital Literacy: Youth
2
Social Media Landscapes
2
Civil Rights
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Sharia, Fatwas
2
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
2
Corporate Social Responsibility
2
Financing Media: Customer Payments, Subscription Models, User-Based Financing
2
Crowdfunding
2
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
2
Konrad Adenauer Foundation
2
Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
2
Pop Music
2
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
2
Documentary Photography
2
Photographers
2
Social Photography
2
Clientelism
2
Islamization
2
Peace, Peacekeeping, Peace Building, Peace Movements
2
Political Doctrines
2
Hindu Nationalism
2
Political Extremism
2
Right-Wing Extremism
2
Political Participation
2
Failed States
2
Political Transition
2
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
2
Agenda Setting
2
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
2
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
2
Monitoring
2
Project Design, Project Planning
2
Radio Stations
2
Satellite Radios
2
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
2
Media Reception
2
Persuasive Communication
2
Socialization
2
Uses-And-Gratifications Approach
2
Buddhism
2
Islamophobia
2
Muslim Cinema & Film Representation of Islam
2
Judaism
2
Jewish Media
2
Religion and State
2
Religious Authorities, Religious Leaders
2
Secularization & Atheism
2
Communication & Media Research Associations & Networks
2
Participatory Research Methods
2
Focus Groups & Group Discussions (Qualitative Research Method)
2
Internet & ICTs in Rural Areas
2
Human Security
2
Violence
2
Disappeared People, Missing People
2
Nomades
2
Networks & Networking
2
Participation
2
Revolutions
2
Computers
2
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
2
Short Wave Radio (SW)
2
Robots, Robotics
2
Satellite Communication & Information Services
2
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
2
Television Transmitters
2
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
2
Commercial Television
2
Regional Television
2
Al-Manar (Television Channel, Lebanon)
2
TeleSur (Television Channel)
2
Theories of Communication & Media
2
Visual Cultures
2
Youth & Television
2
Youth Films & Videos
2
Youth: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Access to Media & Information: Indigenous Populations
1
Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
1
Advertising Agencies
1
Advertising Law & Regulation
1
Children & Advertising
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in Advertising
1
Merchandising & Social Merchandising
1
Nonprofit Advertising, Advertising for Noncommercial Purposes
1
Advocacy
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Experiences
1
Agriculture
1
Agricultural Development & Policies
1
Agricultural Information & Extension
1
Agricultural Radio Programmes
1
Environmental & Land Conflicts
1
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1
Forestry, Deforestation, Forest Protection
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Geographical Information Systems
1
Maps
1
Audience Expectations & Satisfaction
1
Audience Research in Media Assistance
1
Audience Research: Planning & Implementing Surveys
1
Audience Research: Professional Development & Joint Industry Committees (JIC)
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Children
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Health Information Access & Use
1
Media Diaries
1
Media Use: Influence of Religion
1
Media Use: Lower Classes & Poor Population
1
Media Use: Preferred Contents & Programmes
1
Media Use: Rural Populations
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
Mobile Phone Use: Women
1
Milieus, Lifestyles
1
Music Consumption & Use
1
Target Groups
1
Authoritarian Discourse
1
Book Professionals Education & Training
1
Book Publishing Management
1
Christian Book Publishing
1
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
1
Transnational Book Publishing
1
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
1
Campaigning
1
Campaign Strategies
1
Campaigning: Planning & Implementation
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Catholic Media
1
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
1
Presencia (Newspaper, Bolivia)
1
Catholic Television
1
Episcopal Media Commission
1
Opus Dei
1
Solidarity
1
Dioceses
1
Maronite Church
1
Mary, Mariology
1
Francis (Pope)
1
World Youth Day (Catholic Church)
1
Child Drawings
1
Digital Media Socialisation
1
Children & Religion
1
Children: Early Childhood, Toddlers, Preschoolers
1
Children's Films
1
Children's Radio Programmes
1
Sesame Street (Children's Television Programme)
1
Religious Contents & Meanings in Cartoons & Comics
1
Street Children
1
Adventist Church
1
Anglican Churches
1
Baptist Churches
1
Lutheran Churches
1
Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites, Anabaptist Churches
1
Methodist Churches
1
Orthodox Churches
1
Pentecostal Churches
1
Reformed / United Churches
1
Christian Media
1
Christian Radio Programmes
1
Christian Films & Videos
1
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Christian Social Media Presence & Online Communities
1
Al Hayat (Television Channel)
1
Coptic Television (CTV) (Television Channel, Egypt)
1
Christian Websites
1
Parish Communication, Parish Public Relations
1
Clergy, Bishops, Priests
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Digital & Social Media Pastoral
1
World Council of Churches (WCC)
1
Missionary Communication, Media & Evangelisation
1
Sects
1
Digital Theologies
1
Asian Cinema
1
Celebrities, Idols, Stars
1
Conflict Coverage: Cinema & Audiovisual Media
1
Film Censorship
1
Bible Films, Movie Christs & Antichrists
1
Religious Films
1
Film and Society
1
Film Budgeting & Production Costs
1
Black & White Films
1
Crime Films
1
Experimental Films
1
Feature Films
1
Science Fiction Films
1
Silent Films
1
Bollywood
1
Film Semiotics
1
Foreign / Developing Countries: Film Representation
1
Latin American Cinema
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Intellectual Property
1
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Arab Press Freedom Watch (Organization)
1
Local Government Communication Strategies
1
Development Aid Public Relations, Development Public Awareness Raising
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Experiences
1
Nonprofit Public Relations: Design & Implementation
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Press Releases & Press Conferences
1
Public Relations Education, Public Relations Training
1
Community Communication
1
Amateur Films & Videos
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Participation in Community Media
1
Community Radio & Gender
1
Community Radio Policies
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Groups, Group Communication, Group Development
1
Group Media
1
Armed Conflicts
1
Conflicts: Victims' Perspectives
1
International Conflicts
1
Wars
1
Gaza War (2008-2009)
1
Conflict-Sensitive Language
1
Jamming
1
Media Assistance: Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Peace Negotiations & Agreements: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Wars & Political Violence in Arts & Literature
1
Rumours & Rumour Management
1
Allegories
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Digital Anthropology, Cyberanthropology
1
Religious Functions & Messages of the Media
1
Religious Functions & Messages of Digital Media
1
Arts
1
Performing Arts
1
Dance, Folk Dances
1
Cultural Cooperation (Development Aid)
1
Acculturation
1
Cultural Pluralism
1
Cultural Resistance
1
Cultural Systems
1
Memes
1
Digital Cultures
1
Religious Literature & Religious Motifs in Literature
1
Tales, Legends, Traditional Literary Lore
1
Multicultural Societies, Multiethnic Societies
1
National Character
1
Clothing & Fashion
1
Religion and Culture
1
Islamic Culture
1
Religious Music
1
Donor Coordination, Funder Collaboration, Aid Harmonsation
1
Church Development Cooperation
1
USAID - Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI)
1
Development Communication Projects: Case Studies
1
Development Theories
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Development Issues and Development Assistance
1
Western Approaches
1
Regional Cooperation, South-South Collaboration
1
Development Communication: Indigenous & Traditional Communication
1
Development Communication: Monitoring & Evaluation
1
Development Communication Research
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Concepts & Strategies
1
Edutainment Campaigns: Experiences
1
Edutainment Health Programmes
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Rural Communication for Development
1
Visual Aids for Development
1
Cybercrimes
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Religious Websites & Blogs
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Digital & Social Media Effects
1
ICANN
1
Internet and Development
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Chat
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Chatbots
1
Telegram
1
Hashtags
1
Yala-Young Leaders (Social Networking Website)
1
Website Design & Development
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
Generative AI, including ChatGPT et al.
1
Digital Industrial Policies
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICT Enterprises
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Albinism
1
Discrimination-Sensitive Language, Minority-Sensitive Journalism
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
French-Language Media Abroad
1
Hispanic Americans, Hispanic Media
1
Homeless People
1
Prisoners & Communication / Media
1
Prison Libraries
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Collective Memory: Disasters
1
Famines: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Humanitarian Law
1
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
1
Radio in Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
1
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
1
Documentation Systems
1
Information Management
1
History of Libraries
1
Library Assistance (Development Cooperation)
1
Library Cataloguing & Classification
1
Public Libraries
1
Preservation of Information
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Film Economics
1
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
1
Television Industries
1
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
1
Video Markets
1
Media Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Television Economics
1
Financing Television
1
Consumption, Consumer Behaviour, Consumerism
1
Economic Conditions
1
Mobile Money Cash Transfer Programmes
1
Foreign Investments
1
Religion and Economics
1
Civic Education: Use & Role of Media
1
Radio Schools
1
Educational Games, Serious Games
1
Educational Media: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Environmental Education
1
Gender & Education
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Mobile Learning
1
Primary Education
1
Vocational Training
1
Universities
1
Games
1
Addiction to Media & Video Games, Effects of Media on Mental Health
1
Television Entertainment: Audiences
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
1
Environmental Campaigns: Experiences
1
Natural Resources
1
Religion and Environment
1
Sustainable Development
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Values
1
Development Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Development Projects: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Evaluation in Conflict & Fragility Settings
1
Health Campaigns: Monitoring & Evaluation
1
Impact Assessment & Outcome Evaluation
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Meta Evaluations, Cluster Evaluations
1
Most Significant Change (MSC)
1
Self-Assessment, Self-Evaluation
1
Feminism (General)
1
Feminist Media
1
Gender and Radio
1
Gender & Television
1
Women's Television Programmes
1
Gender Media Studies & Feminist Communication Research
1
Gender Norms & Roles
1
Marriage & Partnership
1
Men, Male Identity, Masculinity
1
Sexuality
1
Women's Rights
1
Collaboration
1
Feedback
1
Innovations
1
Addiction Reporting, Media Representation & Prevention
1
Cancer Prevention, Cancer Communication
1
Counselling
1
Health Communication & Campaigns: Youth
1
Health: Media Representation (Factual & Fictional)
1
Malaria Communication
1
Mental Health Reporting & Media Representation
1
Religion in Health Communication
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Tuberculosis Communication
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
First World War (1914-1918)
1
History of Communication: Religion
1
History of Media: 19th Century
1
History of Media: 20th Century
1
History of Photography
1
History of Radio
1
Second World War (1939-1945)
1
Indigenous Identity & Communication
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
Intercultural Management
1
Foreign ICT & Telecommunication Investments & Ownership
1
Foreign Press, Foreign Language Press
1
Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS)
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Foreign Countries, Cultures & Politics
1
Sputnik (Russian State News Portal & Radio Broadcast Service)
1
Transnational Communication
1
International Relations
1
Diplomacy
1
European Union (EU)
1
UNICEF
1
Journalists' Associations & Networks: International Cooperation & Assistance
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Financing Journalism
1
Financial Flow Analysis
1
Journalism Training Methods
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Youth Journalists, Youth Correspondents, Youth Media Volunteers
1
News Reception
1
Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN)
1
Print Journalism
1
Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
1
Government & Government Performance: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Abbreviations
1
African Languages
1
French Language
1
Language Policies
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
France: Media Assistance
1
Digital News Initiative (Digital Journalism Assistance Programme, Google)
1
European Endowment for Democracy (EED)
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
Media Assistance: Exile Media
1
Media Assistance: Governance, Accountability, Combating Corruption
1
CFI (French Media Assistance Organization)
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Press
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Media Assistance: Research Communication
1
Media Assistance: Training Institutions
1
Business Communication
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Ushahidi (Crowdsourcing Mapping Software)
1
Information Ecosystems
1
Family Communication
1
Nonverbal Communication, Body Language, Gestures
1
Organizational Communication, Institutional Communication
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Information Policies
1
Media Democratization
1
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
1
Media Literacy: Photography
1
Media Literacy: Teacher Training
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
1
Constitutions
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Judiciary & Penal System
1
Licensing of Media
1
Media Governance
1
National Security Legislation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
1
Radio Law & Regulation
1
Coaching
1
Cost-Benefit-Analysis, Cost-Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Financing Not-For-Profit & Community Media
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Personnel Recruitment, Staff Recruitment
1
Indigenous Knowledge, Local Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge
1
Marketing & Branding
1
Newspaper Management
1
Nonprofit Media Management
1
Organisational Development & Capacity Building
1
Starting Media Outlets, Creation of Digital Businesses
1
Television Management
1
Emruz (Website, Iran)
1
Iraqi Media Network (IMN)
1
Radio Sawa
1
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
1
Radio Farda (Voice of America, Iran)
1
Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas & Media
1
Female Migrants / Migration
1
Music Videos
1
Blind & Visually Impaired People
1
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
People with Disabilities: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Lerner, Daniel (1917-1980)
1
Masri, Mai (1959-)
1
Sa'rawi, Muhammad Mutawalli
1
Colonial Photography
1
Portrait Photography
1
Coup d'Etat
1
Elections
1
Governance
1
Internal Politics
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Change
1
Capitalism
1
Conservatism
1
Imperialism
1
Socialism
1
Political Parties
1
Political Socialisation
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Power Relations
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Politics
1
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
1
Trade Unions & Labor Movements: Communication Strategies
1
Special-Interest Magazines
1
National Press
1
Haaretz (Newspaper, Israel)
1
Periodicals
1
Rural Press
1
Co-Production
1
Project Coordination
1
Project Impact, Project Effects, Project Effectiveness, Project Efficiency
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Radio Debates, Radio Talk Shows, Call-In Radio Programmes
1
Radio Dramas, Radio Soap Operas, Radio Fiction
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Youth Radio Programmes, Youth Radio Stations, School Radios
1
Radio Reception, Radio Psychology, Radio Effects
1
AmmanNet (Radio, Jordan)
1
Radio Ada (Ghana)
1
University Radios
1
Gatekeeping Function of Media
1
Influence of Media on Religious Meaning, Practice & Values
1
Parasocial Interaction
1
Compassion
1
Everyday Life
1
Attitudes, Attitude Formation & Change
1
Prejudices
1
Personality
1
Imagination
1
Social Integration: Role of Media
1
Baha'i
1
Muslim Brotherhood (Egypt)
1
Taliban
1
God
1
Hinduism
1
Indigenous & Traditional Religions, Indigenous Cosmovisions
1
Muslim Missonary Activities
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Islam
1
Mythology
1
Religious History
1
Religious Movements
1
Religious Populism
1
Religious Practice
1
Spirituality
1
Symbols: Religious
1
Taoism
1
World Religions
1
Applied Communication Research
1
Communication & Media Research Centres
1
Television Studies & Research
1
Analysis
1
Qualitative Analysis
1
Systems Analysis
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Delphi Method
1
Empirical Studies
1
Participatory Research
1
Participatory Action Research
1
Ethnographic Research
1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
Participatory Observation (Research Method)
1
Quantitative Research Methods
1
Researchers
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Mobile Phones in Rural Areas
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Sexual Violence & Abuse, Rape
1
State Violence
1
Transnational Civil Society
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Apartheid
1
Copts
1
Ethnocentrism
1
Imazighen (Ethnic Group, Morocco)
1
Kurds (Ethnic Group)
1
Rohingya
1
Social Anthropology
1
Industrial Society
1
Mass Society
1
Social Movements
1
Resilience
1
Social Development
1
Social Sciences
1
Social Sciences Research
1
Inequalities
1
Dalits
1
Traditional Society
1
Digital Radio
1
Printing, Print Production, Print Technologies
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Software Security
1
Internet Bandwith, Broadband & Backbone Networks
1
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
1
State Influence on ICT & Telecommunication Markets
1
Telephone
1
Cable Television
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
HispanTV (Iranian International Broadcaster)
1
Ma'an (Television Network, Palestine)
1
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
1
Tele Liban (Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
Televisa (Television Channel, Mexico)
1
Tolo TV (Television Channel, Afghanistan)
1
TVE (Spain)
1
Television Networks
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Television Programmes, Specific
1
Suburbs, Poor Districts, Slums, Shanty Towns
1
Urban Areas
1
Urban Issues: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Visual Representations
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of digital surveillance by Arab authorities, which face risks and threats of surveillance, and how journalists seek to press freedom by using tools and techniques to communicate securely. Design/methodology/approach: The study used focus group ... more
"Bringing together 14 journalism scholars from around the world, this edited collection addresses the deficit of coverage of violence against women in the Global South by examining the role of the legacy press and social media that report on and highlight ways to improve reporting. Authors investiga ... more

Egypt’s #MeToo Moment: Using Social Media to Help Address Violence Against Women in Egypt

In: Violence Against Women in the Global South: Reporting in the #MeToo Era
Andrea Jean Baker; Celeste González de Bustamante; Jeannine E. Relly (eds.)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 173-199
"Adjusting the focus to the time and research of the present, this chapter analyzes two case studies that occurred before and after the revitalization of the global #MeToo movement in 2017. The selected cases investigate how women have used social media platforms to combat VAW. The first case is Daf ... more
"Due to the increasing number of journalists being killed, kidnapped, and imprisoned across the globe, the safety of journalists seems to be deteriorating. The level of violence against journalists varies over time and from area to area, even within the same country. This article analyzes the violen ... more

Arab digital journalism

London; New York: Routledge (2023), x, 133 pp.
"Drawing on dozens of articles penned by Arab media professionals and scholars, supplemented with informal conversations with journalists, this book reviews the historical development of digital journalism in the region and individual journalists’ perceptions of this development. While technology ... more
"This study examines the boundaries and limitations of the diffusion of “development journalism” among both the editorial body and the journalist body in the Egyptian newsrooms after the 2011 Arab Spring. Newsrooms under study represent different perspectives including state-owned, private-indep ... more
"The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Media and Communication in the Middle East and North Africa stands as an authoritative and up-to-date resource on the critical debates, research methods and ongoing reflections on how gender and communication intersect with the economic, social, political, and cultu ... more
"Local media that cater to their local communities are still rare in Arab countries due to government control and centralization of media production. In some transitional states, however, we observe a mushrooming of new local small media initiatives after regulation modes have changed. Yet, these me ... more
"This paper focuses on the (in)direct tools of governmental bureaucracy used to control journalistic work in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). It calls for understanding media capture not only through structural-level consequences, but also through the methods used to create an environment of inst ... more

“Don’t Touch Me”: Sexual Harassments, Digital Threats, and Social Resistance Toward Kuwaiti Female Journalists

In: The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Media and Communication in the Middle East and North Africa
Loubna H. Skalli; Nahed Eltantawy (eds.)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 373-390
"This study examines the obstacles and challenges faced by female journalists in Kuwait. It explores a set of interrelated factors that discourage women from working in the media, such as gender inequality, sexual harassment, threats, social resistance, and cultural barriers. The study uses a mixed ... more
"Based on fieldwork conducted in Iran, this book discusses how it is possible for journalism to exist and function in a restrictive context. The book brings together a range of structural (macro), organizational (meso), and individual (micro) processes to analyse journalistic practice in a political ... more

Consultation on media viability in Lebanon

Beirut: Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD);Maharat Foundation;Samir Kassir Foundation;UNESCO (2023), 15 pp.
"Today, social networks are the most popular and widely used applications among smartphone users all around the world. Three years ago, the Telegram messaging app was the most widely used social messaging app in Iran due to its technical features and user-friendliness. Despite its popularity, Telegr ... more
"This article analyses the dangers and threats faced by Syrian journalists covering the conflict since the pro-democracy protests erupted in March 2011. While most Western research on the Syrian Revolution has focused on the working difficulties faced by correspondents, parachutists or foreign freel ... more
"This book analyses the marketing techniques that terrorist organisations employ to encourage people to adopt their ideology and become devoted supporters. The book's central thesis is that due to the development of digital technologies and social media, terrorist groups are employing innovative mar ... more
"Reporting on the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict poses a significant risk to the physical safety of journalists and other media professionals. At times of heightened conflict between the two sides, the magnitude of the risks journalists face increases exponentially. Journalists reporting from ... more
"The article analyzes the state of journalism in Libya, at the intersection between two phenomena: its transformations due to digitization and the specific role of information in unstable areas – so to speak, the encounter between the crisis of journalism and the crisis journalism. Given the ampli ... more

Constraints on Journalistic Practices in the Arab World Post–Arab Spring and Post-Covid-19

In: The Routledge Companion to Journalism in the Global South
Bruce Mutsvairo; Saba Bebawi; Eddy Borges-Rey (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 179-186
"Over a decade ago, the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings erupted in six Arab countries. They were accompanied, initially, by high hopes for democratic transformation and reform (Lynch, 2012). These hopes and aspirations also included widening the margin of freedom of expression in general and press freedo ... more

Reporting the MENA as Conflict: Political Influences, Routine Practices, and Journalists' Struggles in the Field

In: The Routledge Companion to Journalism in the Global South
Bruce Mutsvairo; Saba Bebawi; Eddy Borges-Rey (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 260-268
"Working in a conflict-ridden region, journalists in the Middle East have always struggled to report fairly and accurately while keeping in mind the power structures in their countries. For these journalists, practicing journalism in mostly authoritative governments has meant facing additional hurdl ... more