"Armstrong, executive director of National Religious Broadcasters which establishes standards for religious stations and program producers and represents three-fourths of U.S. religious broadcasting, highlights rninistries representative of specific trends and discusses pros and cons of broadcast re
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ligion, with his evaluations heavily weighted toward the pros, as might be expected. His book provides a broad general description of the audience type and the reasons for its appeal, as well as his theory of why liberal churches which use traditional methods to spread their message have their doubts and fears of the evangelical broadcasters. He also goes into fund raising. Appendixes give "The NRB Code of Ethics," "Principles and Guidelines for Fund-Raising, Accounting, and Financial Reporting by Christian Organizations, " and a list of "Awards and Honors." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 487)
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"An analysis of media imperialism with a middle-range focus. Capitalist exploitation, Lee contends, is not limited to the Third World but extends to advanced capitalist countries as well. The real questions should resolve around " (1) the extent to which Marxist-Leninist theory of 'media imperialism
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' withstands vigorous historical tests and empirical verification; (2) the extent to which liberal rhetoric of 'free flow' refutes its formidable critics; and (3) the extent to which socialist centralized control, as some Marxian adherents claim, constitutes a viable alternative to the media imperialism of advanced capitalism.'' He centers upon three countries - Canada, Taiwan and China - for his inquiry. Although the analysis is of television specifically, it examines divergent theoretical and ideological structures common to other media as well." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 689)
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"A description of the book trade in the seven major English-speaking countries of the world, which, grouped by size of market, are the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Republic of South Africa, Australia, India, and New Zealand. A special section gives eleven minor markets in alphabetical
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order; they are Bangladesh, Ghana, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, and Sri Lanka. The aim is "to develop indicators of the strengths and weaknesses of the constituent markets, to analyze the general state and direction of growth of the book industry, and to interrelate these factors so as to provide a firm basis for decision-making in public." Information for each country is accompanied by numerous tables, and for the seven major countries, by profiles of a few representative publishing houses. An Executive Summary condenses the total findings, and a 13-page introduction summarizes the findings in terms of certain important trends. At the end of the second volume are conclusions. Index." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 1069)
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"The three studies contained in this volume trace the emergence of 'community media' in Western society—specifically new approaches to broadcasting and electronic media in North America and Western Europe [...] The orientation of the studies is not purely towards research, though where research ha
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s been done, it is utilized. Rather, their purpose is to collect, analyse and synthesize as large a volume as possible of current initiatives in the field of methods adopted, problems experienced, solutions found, new questions posed. In this kind of review, various dimensions are relevant. There is, first, the conceptual level—the objectives for which the media are used or with which they are associated. Are they used primarily for educational purposes, for enlarging the range of available study materials? Are their purposes mainly social, creating and enhancing processes of community development? Or are they seen as serving psychological ends, by allowing for the fuller expression of individual and group personalities? Second, there is the technological or organizational aspect. For example, are media used at the local level also linked to a national system of information distribution, as in the access programmes of some national networks, which allow the layman to participate in producing television programmes? Are they associated more with local radio or cable television? Or are they a form of video animation, based on portable cameras and recorders, perhaps with very limited distribution? Third, there is the descriptive, social and political level. What is being attempted with community media in different countries? How do these countries differ in cultural attitude, or in prescriptions for social or economic growth?" (Preface)
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"Covers aspects of media education in the secondary schools in certain European countries where it is emphasized: France, Italy, Federal Republic of Germany, The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, the U.S.S.R. (cinema only), and the U.S.A. In all countries except the U.S. fil
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m is stressed to the exclusion of other media. A final section is on organizations." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 32)
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"The title of this book raises expectations that are hardly fulfilled. One wonders again and again which target group the author had in mind when writing his work: it seems too impractical for practitioners and too unsound for theorists. For example, many of the names and authors cited lack bibliogr
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aphical information, which is also missing from the summarised bibliography (e.g. Levin, Hruschka). Important works that would appeal to practitioners in particular, such as Ralph Milton's Broadcasting Handbook (cf. CS 2:1969,182), are completely absent, not to mention books on fundamental considerations such as the works of Paulo Freire. The use of the so-called mass media in the development process is not as simple and unproblematic as the author suggests in his introduction. Broadcasting is hardly the miracle cure that people would like to make it out to be, and especially in the case of the frequently cited German projects of this kind, some questions must be asked about the consideration of existing indigenous, cultural, social and communicative values, which must also be taken into account when introducing modern means of communication. For example, is the role of the "change agent" really so important or is two-way communication not much more decisive for the development process (page 39 ff)? Some questions need to be asked. One has the impression that the whole book is too "German", which is probably also due to the fact that some passages have obviously been translated from German into English. Perhaps some of the unevenness is also due to the fact that various radio stations were asked to contribute to the book (e.g. Deutsche Welle, Südfunk, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation). Some aid organisations would be happy if the ACPO (- Sutatenza) radio school in Colombia could finance itself "mostly from advertising" (Page 56). But why are there no bibliographical references here either, such as to Musto's work (Berlin 1968) or to publications on such experiments in other continents (e.g. Neurath for India)? Bibliographical references to the Indonesian model by Salmon Padmanagara (page 87) would be welcome, as they are to many others. Maletzke's clear contribution (from page 105) on the evaluation of projects is a pleasant surprise. Some would have liked this section to be more detailed and the entire book to have some of its clarity." (translation from a review by Franz Josef Eilers in: Communicatio Socialis, vol. 12, 1979, nr. 1, pages 83-84)
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"An introduction to the practice of overseas broadcasting as propaganda and the various ideological philosophies back of it, in terms both of sender and receiver. Analysis centers around Nazi Germany, the Communist countries, the U.S.'s Voice of America, Britain's BBC, and the undeveloped parts of t
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he world. A large section is devoted to factors affecting success or failure. Appendixes give a table of radio sets and ownership around the world in 1973; external broadcasting statistics in 1950, 1960, 1970, and 1973; extracts from internal Policy Guidelines of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty; and extracts from a BBC unpublished monitoring report." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 641)
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"The title indicates the scope of this excellent history of the war correspondent, including photographers, as Knightley traces him (and a few hers) from the beginning of this type of journalism in the Crimes in the 1850s to the war in Vietnam over a century later. In between he covers various wars,
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little and big, in various parts of the world. He describes not only the correspondents but also the political and ideological climate that produced and set the course of the particular war, and analyzes the media coverage. This is useful not only for research and reference, but also as history. In addition it makes fascinating reading, although some parts are true horror stories which can be hard to take. There are 12 pages giving numerous sources, a bibliography and an index. The 1982 edition omits two chapters in the 1975 edition on the Boer War and on Algeria." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 235)
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