"The first section in this paper examines the barriers to access to learning materials faced in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), analyzing the responsibility of intellectual property legislation within the complex structure of systems that are consequential to consumers and learners. In th
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e second section the authors remind us that the informal economy in knowledge goods is an access mechanism, prompting a conceptual consideration of the phenomenon of piracy, and then, through a case study in Uganda, they suggest possible policy lessons. The third section frames the environment described in the first two sections in a survey of intellectual property law in SACU member countries, and audits the limitations or exceptions available within the law, in the light of those that may be made use of, as a consequence of access to learning materials. The authors conclude that currently “neither does copyright legislation in SACU countries make significantly positive provisions for access to learning materials, nor does it take full advantage of the flexibilities provided by TRIPs. Ironically, it is precisely in this disabling legal environment that the SACU countries are being asked – by domestic and international publishing industry lobbies – to strengthen the enforcement of criminal sanctions for certain copyright violations, even as they constitute an access mechanism in a context that offers few alternatives." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 1802)
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This volume gathers contributions presented during the 8th IARTEM conference on learning and educational media, held in Caen (France) in October 2005. The conference reader contains a wide range of contributions from industrialised, transitional and developing countries.
"The media sector in Ghana has witnessed some dramatic, positive changes over the past few years, made possible by the promulgation of the 1992 democratic Constitution and the election in 2000 of President Kufuor’s government. All interviewees agreed that democratisation and the repeal of the Crim
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inal Libel Law have been the most important changes for the media sector, allowing for an explosion in the number of media houses in Ghana. Training was identified as the single most important media development initiative in the individual interviewees’ areas of work." (Summary & conclusions, page 57)
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"Changes have been gradual but the watershed was 1992/4 when the airwaves were liberalised, leading to the mushrooming of media institutions especially in the broadcasting area. In the past five years, the media in Uganda has become more vibrant, more liberated and there has been more freedom of exp
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ression overall. Opening up of media space led to the proliferation of private newspapers, private radio stations and private television stations, and the introduction and eager embrace of the Internet and mobile phones by many people. The horizon of news reporting has been widened to cover East Africa and the Great Lakes Region. There has been more diversity in what the media is reporting. The media has acquired prominence as one of the four pillars of governance. Investigative journalism has been improved, but there are many draconian laws on the books. Some are active but others lie dormant and may be activated at any time. There is a recognition by the media that there is a need to move their relations with government to a level that is more professional and more engaging, rather than accusing the latter simply of control and denial of access. More people are using the media as a tool for advocacy and development. Communities now actively participate in, and influence media programmes by contributing ideas." (Summary & conclusions, page 61)
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"A collection of 22 papers on the indigenous language press (and other media) in Cameroon, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zimbabwe, primarily devoted to the activities of African language newspapers and periodicals. Some papers examine the significant and pioneering role religious publications
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– both Christian and Islamic – have played in the development of indigenous languages presses in Africa, while others examine some of the socio-political and economic changes that have greatly affected indigenous language media over the years, and have lead to its demise to some extent. Also included as an Appendix is a paper in Dutch by Honoré Vinck, “Het belang van de periodieke koloniale pers in Afrikaanse talen”, which examines the role of the African language press during colonial days in the Belgian Congo." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 2135)
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"Examines the challenges of translating African literatures into European languages and, in particular, the problems of translating African voices into German. Chapter 3 is devoted to publishing African literature in Germany, the reception and the book market for African writing, while Chapter 5 loo
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ks back at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 1980 which in that year focused on Africa and African writing." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa, 3d ed. 2008, nr. 2078)
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"The purpose of this report is primarily to report on the results of the 2006 Children in the Media Monitoring Project, and specifically on how children would write the news, reflected in the newspapers the children produced during a workshop in 2006. The report also reflects the results of a childr
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en’s monitoring exercise, the impact of the CCMP on reporting on children, concluding with some recommendations for child-friendly reporting." (Page 2)
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"[...] This publication, Writing for Our Lives, documents best practices from the Maisha Yetu project, whose defining feature has been continuous in-house mentoring and training on health care reporting in six African media houses over a two-year period. The uninterrupted presence of journalist-trai
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ners (as opposed to the more widespread model of one-time workshops on health care reporting) has allowed for the integration of theory and practice, resulting in dramatic changes in the quantity and quality of reporting on HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria. It has created champions of health care journalism in mid- and upper-level management where there was little or none before. It has helped journalists to recognize the centrality of women’s stories in the HIV/AIDS crisis." (Foreword)
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"The most relevant changes that occurred during the past five years in Sierra Leone are the results of democracy (free and fair elections in 2002) and establishing the Independent Media Commission Act (IMC) of 2000 to help deregulate the formation of new media outlets. The resilience of media practi
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tioners and others fighting for press freedom led to some of the changes. Financial support from external partners also opened up the media and helped to develop the sector. Training, repealing anti-media laws, supporting an open media market, making information communication technology (ICT) available, deregulation and civil society cooperation with media practitioners are key issues. Media development initiatives over the past five years have been remarkable. Interviewees were upbeat about future progress." (Summary & conclusions, page 69)
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"Trotz der Herausforderungen bei der telefonischen Erschließung abgelegener Gegenden bietet der Besitz eines Handys für Millionen individueller Nutzer im gesamten Afrika südlich der Sahara auf jeden Fall signifikante wirtschaftliche und soziale Vorteile und Möglichkeiten. Besonders wertvoll ist,
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dass viele Bewohner in Städten wie Kigali jetzt bedeutend besseren Zugang zu elementaren telefonischen Gesprächsmöglichkeiten haben. Annettes Restaurant floriert, weil ihre Kunden Handys besitzen; der Klempner Celestine hat die Nummern seiner drei wichtigsten Bauunternehmer in seinem Handy einprogrammiert; der Taxifahrer Yousef ist glücklich, weil er mit seiner Frau den ganzen Tag über per Handy in Verbindung bleiben kann. All diese Geschichten sind im Lichte von Metcalfes Gesetz zu sehen (vgl. Gilder 2000); sie illustrieren, wie der Wert jeder netzwerkbasierten Technologie quadratisch mit der Anzahl der Benutzer dieser Technologie wächst. Je mehr Ruander Handybesitzer werden, desto stärker profitieren davon auch die bereits vorhandenen Mobil- und Festnetztelefonnutzer. Wenn sich der Anteil der Telefonbenutzer in einer Stadt in fünf Jahren verdreifacht, ergeben sich signifikante Veränderungen in den sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Netzwerken dieser Stadt. Nach Townsend (2000) definieren Mobiltelefone »die räumlichen und zeitlichen Begrenzungen aller Arten menschlicher Kommunikation neu – ganz gleich ob es dabei um die Arbeit, die Familie oder Erholung und Unterhaltung in der Freizeit geht. […] So beschleunigt sich der Stoffwechsel urbaner Systeme; Kapazitäten und Effizienz nehmen zu.« Die von Townsend festgestellte Beschleunigung ist in Kigali geradezu mit Händen zu greifen. Möglicherweise ist der von Townsend beschriebene Effekt in dieser Stadt, in der Handys oft die einzigen Telefone ihrer Besitzer sind, sogar noch deutlicher ausgeprägt als anderswo. Die Produktivitätsgewinne sind greifbar." (Zusammenfassung, Seite 53)
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"This Course Handbook has been produced to accompany the URN Advanced Radio Journalism Course, which is being run throughout Uganda for freelance radio journalists in 2005 and 2006. The Handbook, which follows the day-by-day course programme, contains transcripts of PowerPoint presentations plus add
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itional supporting material. It is important to note that the material presented in text boxes represents the PowerPoint presentations and can only be properly understood in the context of the course itself." (Introduction)
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