"This report — Social Media and Conflict in South Sudan II: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms 2017-2018 — follows on its predecessor which was released in December 2016 after three years of civil war in South Sudan. It identifies key terms being used in the conflict, as well as new terms, context,
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and dynamics in South Sudan’s conflict over the period of 2017-2018." (Introduction)
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"With a focus on entertainment education, this article sheds light on the effects of radio drama in addressing conflict over land governance. The discussion is built around the broadcast of Bush Wahala radio series during the recent land acquisition process that has taken place in Sierra Leone. Thro
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ugh the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted by the author with rural farmers affected by this issue, on the one hand, this work generates reflections on the role of radio drama in providing listeners with alternative options to the use of violence and confrontation with the authorities in order to claim land rights; on the other hand, it represents an important contribution to the literature of edutainment in contexts of conflict, with a specific focus on the increasingly complex issue of land grabbing in the developing world." (Abstract)
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"Cet ouvrage propose une incursion au coeur d’une radio communautaire silencieuse, mais résiliente. Mise en place par une association de femmes au début des années 2000, la station Manoore FM a subi plusieurs pannes au cours de la décennie 2010, jusqu’à cesser d’émettre en 2015. Pourtant
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, la radio survit. Ses défenseurs occupent encore les lieux, bénévolement pour la plupart, tout en conservant un lien fort avec leurs auditeurs et auditrices les plus fidèles. Une enquête de terrain ethnographique menée dans les locaux de la radio nous a permis de creuser les motivations et les relations qui unissent les participants de cette « famille associative », producteurs et auditeurs, évoluant entre liens affectifs et stratégies professionnelles, au sein de leur "radio refuge." (Dos de couverture)
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"The main aim of the present study is to assess the status quo and the influencing factors of media viability in developing countries and economies in transition. Accordingly, three general research questions have been formulated: 1. Which factors determine the viability of alternative online news m
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edia organizations in developing countries and economies in transition? 2. What are the transnational similarities and differences for media viability of alternative news media organizations? 3. How are financial sustainability, editorial independence, and journalistic quality interrelated in the context of media viability of alternative online news media organizations?" (Page 21)
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"This report presents findings and recommendations from the whole-of-Intermediate Result (IR) evaluation of activities generated from the USAID Civil Society and Media Project Appraisal Document (PAD) created in 2015. The evaluation included two current activities—Liberia Accountability and Voice
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Initiative (LAVI) and Liberia Media Development (LMD)—and incorporated information and interviews from the Civil Society and Media Leadership (CSML) activity, which predated the PAD. The evaluation determined how USAID activities made progress toward achieving the Project Purpose—Increased influence of citizens in the governance of public goods and services—and provided recommendations to inform development of a future Civil Society and Media strategy.
The evaluation found that the PAD contributed to increasing opportunities for civil society organizations (CSOs) and media outlets to play a “watchdog” role over governance. However, evidence is lacking that (1) CSOs can sustain the coalition approach beyond current USAID support, (2) CSOs can use the coalition approach to mobilize citizens more broadly to engage with government decision makers, and (3) media outlets can increase the quality of news and information disseminated to citizens.
Critical gaps exist in making connections among the three stakeholder groups within governance accountability systems: (1) Political Leaders, (2) CSOs and Media Outlets, and (3) Citizens. A key priority for a future PAD would be to create interactive information and activity loops that better connect political leaders to citizens, using CSO coalitions and media outlets as channels through which citizens directly engage with government institutions." (Abstract)
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"The study has found that African countries have broadened the range of measures that govern the use of digital communications including the internet. The implementation of oppressive laws and regulations is on the rise in the countries under review. It is evident that countries are using legislatio
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n to legitimise practices which are otherwise unlawful to impose restrictions and internet controls. While laws in place are touted as necessary towards fighting cybercrime or enhancing cybersecurity in the countries, they are largely directed towards stemming opposition, clamping down on criticism and quelling local dissent. Increasingly, the countries reviewed appear to adopt a similar pattern of measures across the board, which have been increasing gradually since 1999, as the use of the internet continues to rise. The key reasons given by governments are the need to safeguard national security and maintain public order." (Conclusion, page 43)
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"It is evident that Uganda will need to do some things differently to ensure improved outcomes. Addressing inconsistencies in policy that affect the sector is critical. Each policy that impacts the sector, regardless of the Ministry that develops it, should be evaluated before implementation within
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the overall context of the Digital Uganda Vision so that adverse effects can be mitigated. Supply-side interventions on their own are insufficient. Demand stimulation is essential to driving Internet uptake. Affordability of devices is the primary challenge for policymakers, with even relatively low-cost devices being beyond the financial means of large numbers of citizens. Further, the price of data, even though relatively low, is simply beyond the means of many people for meaningful use. Shifting people from passive consumption of services to productive use represents a far greater challenge, however. This requires not only improving digital literacy in order to bring people online, but developing wider skillsets for the production of local content to stimulate demand, improving entrepreneurial application to create jobs and increasing the consumptive capacity of the economy more broadly to drive growth." (Key recommendations, page vi)
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"When Zimbabwe attained her independence from colonial powers in 1980, prospects of a peaceful nation were high, especially following the pledge made by the Prime Minister Elect in his victory speech. Isaiah 2:4b was quoted as a metaphor of peace, but things did not turn out as expected in the follo
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wing years. The vicious cycle of violence that was inherited from the colonial legacy continued and the worse phase of that cycle was the Midlands and Matabeleland crisis, commonly known as Gukurahundi. Approximately 20 000 people died in the state-sanctioned violence (genocide). Using Cue-Dependent Forgetting Theory, this paper critically appraises possible reasons why the promised bliss through reconciliation did not materialise. Among the reasons cited in this paper are the lack of a serious Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and also the phenomenon of amnesia as the major contributory factors to this cycle of violence." (Abstract)
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"Liberation radios, the propaganda stations operated by the anti-Apartheid and anticolonial movements Southern Africa, provide us with a unique lens on the relationship between broadcasters and their audiences. Most importantly, they conceptualized audiences in a specific, two-pronged way to mobiliz
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e target populations and influence global media publics. Going beyond ideas of ‘propaganda’ and circulation of media content, this article uses oral history interviews with broadcasters from the Namibian ‘Voice of Namibia’ to analyze the way broadcasters thought about and spoke to wider audiences, which included media institutions and cultural production circulating content to audiences beyond direct listeners to their station. It argues that liberation radios’ relationship with their audiences can be usefully analyzed taking theoretical models from community media research, such as the ‘rhizome’ approach that emphasizes a multiplicity of connections between media and the communities they serve." (Abstract)
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"In this article, we assert and demonstrate a particular and enduring adaptability of radio in tandem with observable temporal shifts in development communication theory and practice in Africa. Specifically, we use the historical research method to explore and explain the ideological discourses, pol
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ity contours and social forces that have overlain the role of radio as both an index and an instrument of development in Ghana. The evidence reveals that radio has transitioned through three key milestones in how the technology has been appropriated and applied to national development efforts: from transplantation, through transmission, to transaction. Each of these phases coincides, incidentally, with paradigm shifts in development communication theorizing: from modernization through diffusion to participation. They also coincide, broadly, with three distinctive epochs of ideological shifts in the historical accounting on radio for development in Ghana: from British imperial hegemony, through post-independence command-and-control, to contemporary liberal pluralism." (Abstract)
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"Ce dossier se concentre sur ces transformations plus récentes afin d’analyser leur impact sur l’économie et la politique de la production et de la distribution audiovisuelle en Afrique, tout en mettant en question les cadres théoriques et méthodologiques que nous adoptons en tant que cherch
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eurs pour les étudier. Dans cette optique, le Nigeria reste un cas d’étude incontournable à même d’influencer le débat sur les transformations du secteur audiovisuel à l’échelle continentale. Pour cette raison, une section de ce numéro est entièrement dédiée aux transformations récentes de l’industrie audiovisuelle de ce pays et à une réflexion critique sur les approches utilisées pour les analyser, grâce aux contributions de trois chercheurs qui ont fortement marqué les études sur ces phénomènes au cours des dernières années : Jonathan Haynes, Akin Adesokan et Moradewun Adejunmobi. Cette réflexion critique prolonge un débat que les textes du dossier (par Anouk Batard, Abdalla Uba Adamu, Julie Dénommée et Brian Larkin) permettent à la fois d’encadrer et de dépasser, grâce à des propositions théoriques et méthodologiques innovantes, ainsi que par la richesse des données empiriques analysées." (Page 12)
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"Once the persuasion took hold that science should open up to the public and these questions were raised, it became clear that coming up with satisfactory answers would be a complex challenge. The inaccessibility of scientific language and methods, due to ever increasing specialisation, is at the ba
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se of its very success. Thus, translating specialised knowledge to become understandable, interesting and relevant to various publics creates particular perils. This is exacerbated by the ongoing disruption of the public discourse through the digitisation of communication platforms. For example, the availability of medical knowledge on the internet and the immense opportunities to inform oneself about health risks via social media are undermined by the manipulable nature of this technology that does not allow its users to distinguish between credible content and misinformation. In countries around the world, scientists, policy-makers and the public have high hopes for science communication: that it may elevate its populations educationally, that it may raise the level of sound decision-making for people in their daily lives, and that it may contribute to innovation and economic well-being. This collection of current reflections gives an insight into the issues that have to be addressed by research to reach these noble goals, for South Africa and by South Africans in particular."
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"The overall quality of media reporting in Tanzania in 2019 has gone down. Compared to 2018, the Media Quality Index for all media dropped from 28% to 26.8%. Among media types, the print media’s performance dropped most. Many aspects illustrate the trend. It is clear that media houses now rely on
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even fewer sources compared to 2018. Overall multiple sourcing dropped by 5%. Worryingly, sources were apparently unwilling to express their honest opinion, which is shown by the fact that the Yearbook’s indicator “number of viewpoints and opinions” expressed in the media shrunk considerably compared to 2018. And the inclusion of opposing viewpoints in journalistic pieces, an essential element for public debate, declined. The same applies to the number of viewpoints critical towards the government. This demonstrates a serious impediment to public discourse in 2019. On average, only 2.8% of media stories provided opposing viewpoints." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"Anthropologists began to study media relatively late in the history of the discipline. Research on media - in particular, mass media - tended to be associated with the societies most anthropologists came from, and thus with the self rather than the other, and except for a few rare exceptions, it wa
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s not until the late 1980s that anthropologists began to turn systematic attention to media as a social practice. This was true even for older media, such as songs, dance and theater, since those topics were associated with the other late research focus of urban anthropology." (Introduction)
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"Social media use has provided access to entertainment, opportunities for a richer social life, and the ability to communicate with many others in a manner that was not possible just a few decades ago. In SSA, the convergence of homegrown ideas and collaboration with the international community has
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enabled SSA to use SM as an avenue to fill existing and emerging gaps across sectors. What makes the region stand out even more is that the needs of its people are placed at the forefront of these processes. As a result, SSA is innovating SM in ways that significantly improve the lives of those impacted by state fragility." (Conclusion)
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