"This paper compares and contrasts four centers: The Center for Investigative Reporting in Bosnia-Herzegovina (CIN), The Journalism Training and Research Initiative in Bangladesh (JATRI), the Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism in Jordan (ARIJ), and The Caucasus Media Investigations Center (
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CMIC) in Azerbaijan. No officials or funders ever announce failures or label projects like these failures. But this paper posits that those centers designed and run by journalists to actively report are more effective in fulfilling their role as watch-dogs, as well as more sustainable. They perform better at developing future practitioners and instilling an investigative reporting tradition in new places. This examination suggests that donors hoping to implant successful centers increase their chances when they match ambitions to the political and legal climate of host countries, commit to multi-year involvement, and select passionate leaders with clout in the eyes of other journalists in their host regions. This study suggest that centers designed by outsiders and run by non-journalists tend to evolve into generalized research, resource and training centers." (Introduction)
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"Since 2001, Internews has trained and supported more than one thousand junior and senior journalists from all of Burma’s major ethnic groups, both those inside the country and those based outside, in print, radio, television, and online reporting. The cumulative effects of this close collaboratio
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n with journalists through a period of extreme censorship and tumultuous events are now coming to fruition as the new media environment takes shape. Internews-trained reporters and editors now occupy senior roles in prominent national print publications. They are familiar voices on ethnic and Burmese-language radio services; they are well known faces on television. Others have emerged as leaders in pivotal media associations, pushing the government to safeguard what most regard as still fragile media freedoms." (Introduction)
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"This study is based on the Intended Outcomes Needs Assessment (IONA) methodology and assesses the changing relationships between media and conflict in Myanmar. Findings reveal a deeply rooted, intractable, and dynamic conflict landscape. Analysis focuses on three key conflicts: citizen-state, ethni
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c, and intercommunal. The developing media environment has been a central feature of the transition. The range of outlets for information sharing and the diversity and reach of content are expanding rapidly. Radio has a significant influence in ethnic and conflict-affected areas. Television does as well, especially in urban areas. New media freedoms are supporting peaceful transition but are also causing harm. Certain initiatives are needed to monitor and counter hate speech online and leverage social media and online mechanisms to advance social norms that support peaceful coexistence and tolerance." (Summary)
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"[...] The briefing looks at the everyday experience of people living in the world’s most populous continent: Asia. It draws on data from BBC Media Action’s Climate Asia project, which interviewed more than 33,000 people in seven countries – Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan
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and Vietnam – and compiled the results into the region’s largest ever study of public knowledge of and attitudes towards climate change. In documenting the stories of people and communities in Asia and the larger regional trends they represent, this policy briefing seeks to unleash new insights and new solutions in tackling the enduring challenge of climate change. In particular, this briefing highlights the role that media and communication can play in the adaptation process. For when we listen to those who sit metaphorically “where the earth meets the sky”, we find that many of the obstacles to climate change adaptation are informational and attitudinal in nature and would thus benefit from media and communication interventions." (Introduction, page 2)
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"In Indien wirft das Thema Eheschließung Fragen individueller und kultureller Identität im Spannungsfeld von gesellschaftlichem Wandel und Kontinuität auf. Am rasant wachsenden indischen Online-Heiratsmarkt lassen sich diese Fragen besonders eindrücklich im Zusammenhang mit der Medienentwicklung
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diskutieren. Die Autorin beschreibt die gleichzeitig global ausgerichteten, aber als ‚indisch‘ konnotierten Online-Heiratsmärkte und zeigt, wie sich diese in die Ausdifferenzierungsprozesse der indischen und transnationalen Medienlandschaft einfügen. In einem zweiten Schritt stellt sie Konzepte von Weiblichkeit und Ehe vor, die diese Portale transportieren, und analysiert den Umgang der Nutzerinnen mit den Erwartungen und Rollenklischees, die Familie und Gesellschaft an sie herantragen." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"From Tehran to Tahrir Square to Gezi Park-to mention only three key sites of protest made prominent in 2013-social media has been lauded as one of the key factors enabling popular uprisings and social movements. This has provided further hype for new or digital media, which were already being toute
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d as a tool for social change, liberation, and the representation of marginalized or oppressed voices. In this essay, I argue not against new media per se but against technological determinism and fetishism. I argue that the transformative or repressive potential of different media changes dramatically across different sites of research and depends on the sociopolitical realities of the region being studied, including factors such as censorship, access, and infrastructure. Drawing on my research in Afghanistan, Iran, and Tajikistan, among other neighboring countries, I show the striking differences in the degree of effectiveness and ineffectiveness of different media in bringing about social change in those respective countries as well as regionally. Comparatively speaking, I focus on television and social media's catalytic role in stirring popular uprisings and the subsequent backlash and attack on those media. I also examine the gendered dimensions and dangers of media use and activism. In the case of Afghanistan, I consider the impact of international and transnational funding of media and human rights efforts. I conclude that in order for international interventions into local social movements to succeed, international experts in development, human rights, and media must take the lead from local residents and contexts, technologically and culturally, and work collaboratively with them." (Abstract)
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"In a pilot field study, conducted in February 2014 in Kenya and Uganda, news journalists reflected on the use of and interest in the Chinese international media offered in East Africa at the moment. An earlier survey, done in 2009, showed that Kenyan journalists emphasized several factors that play
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a role for their independence, such as their collective professional status and media owners’ financial and political interests. What foregrounds in this context, is the media organizations’ manipulation of news in favour or disfavour of various interests. The field study found that a pluralist media in itself does not guarantee a coherent debate based on factual information (Helander, 2010). Building on this analysis of the media in East Africa, my current research seeks to investigate the role of China’s international media in the local media system. China Central Television and China Radio International have their regional base in Nairobi, and work in close cooperation with the government led Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. The study has found that politically sensitive issues, which can have negative economic repercussions for China and the host country, are barely covered by Xinhua News. The correspondents at CCTV, CRI and China Daily Africa apply a cautious approach to the reporting of some important stories (Interview in Nairobi 14-02-10). Because China’s initiative in media is state-led and thereby less independent, these communication channels have yet to gain credibility among the media practitioners. However, the field study conducted in Nairobi and Kampala in February 2014, points to anther other question regarding the current efficacy, or popularity, of the Chinese news sources. The interviews gave cause to doubt the importance of perceived credibility of the content, to rather stress the question of whether Chinese international media is interesting. Both the framing, and the choice of news stories, were deemed by interviewees using the words boring, uninteresting or lacking political news value. After further interviews with media practitioners were conducted in Johannesburg and Nairobi in December 2014, a more varied view of Chinese news sources transpired. The opinions within the population of journalists in South Africa and Kenya ranged from trust and interest to very poor trust and complete disinterest, in reports from Chinese news sources." (Pages 1-3)
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"The European Union's dedication to freedom the media is articulated in different parts of its acquis and the European Union supports media freedom by funding member counties and enlargement countries. This study underlines the freedom of expression as a fundamental human right before the European U
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nion and will reveals the close relationship between freedom of expression and free media. In addition, the challenges against freedom of expression in media throughout enlargement countries of the European Union will be outlined and also the European Union supports to media freedom as an instrument to solve problems in front of freedom of expression will be analyzed. Throughout this study, Turkey among the enlargement countries will be attached particular attention." (Abstract)
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"Media Literacy Education in Action brings together the field’s leading scholars and advocates to present a snapshot of the theoretical and conceptual development of media literacy education—what has influenced it, current trends, and ideas about its future. Featuring a mix of perspectives, it e
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xplores the divergent ways in which media literacy is connected to educational communities and academic areas in both local and global contexts. The volume is structured around seven themes: Media Literacy: Past and Present; Digital Media and Learning; Global Perspectives; Public Spaces; Civic Activism; Policy and Digital Citizenship; Future Connections. Compelling, well-organized, and authoritative, this one-stop resource for understanding more about media literacy education across disciplines, cultures, and divides offers the fresh outlook that is needed at this point in time. Globally, as more and more states and countries call for media literacy education more explicitly in their curriculum guidelines, educators are being required to teach media literacy in both elementary and secondary education contexts." (Publisher description)
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"In Brazil, India and Kenya, a wide range of factors currently inhibit media from playing their full role in promoting awareness of child rights and in helping children realise their rights, says this report. Crucial issues identified in all three countries include lack of media coverage, inadequate
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professionalism among journalists, absence of children's voices in the public debate, and scarce coperation among the media and child rights advocates. For each country, a detailed chapter provides insights into the national media landscape, the child rights reporting practice (based on a content analysis), the "media perspective" (based on focus groups and interviews with media professionals), and the "civil society perspective" (based on focus groups and individual interviews). The report recommends creating more youth journalists by training young people to produce radio programmes; establishing incentives for journalists to specialise in child rights; improving networking among civil society organisations and media, and establishing and monitoring guidelines for reporting on child rights." (CAMECO Update 1-2015)
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"The emergence of digital media in Indonesia coincided with the country’s transition to democracy beginning in 1998. In some ways, digitization has catalyzed the development of diverse and independent media. Market reforms in favor of liberalization have gone hand in hand with convergence and prol
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iferation to produce a radical increase in the number of media outlets. The number of national television channels has doubled since 1998; commercial radio stations have tripled; and the number of print newspapers has more than quadrupled. This has occurred alongside and in tandem with a rapidly growing online news sector populated by a mixed ecology of established brands and new entrants. In other ways, however, digitization has merely helped to shift the locus of concentrated power from the state to an increasingly consolidated media elite. Despite the growing number of outlets, new entrants in conventional sectors have been rare and have been hampered by policies that have tended to favor commercial incumbents." (Open Society Foundations website)
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"This article revisits the current interplay between the government, the market, civil society, and the media in contemporary Indonesian political communication. Previous research showed a striking increase in the numbers of both Internet and social media users as well as cases of social media influ
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ence on the democratization process. Some scholars have pointed out the limitations of social media, such as the simplified narratives, larger media systems, and dominant meta-narratives. This includes the ‘many clicks, little sticks’ phenomenon, meaning that only a few of the many clicks resulted in widespread activism in the vast social media environment. This article includes more recent and nuanced interpretations from the various actors. The activists have continued their experiments-providing two-way information, encouraging rapid interaction, creating much participation, and expanding role decentralization. In a ‘network of networks’ spirit they have been doing a lot of clicking, and learning a lot in the process." (Abstract)
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"The report reviews several communications tools developed and disseminated through collaboration with Tacloban’s Radyo Abante as part of IOM’s Tindog Kita (‘Rise Together’) communications campaign, which included a radio drama, interactive talk show and key message song. Of the communicatio
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ns components, the song developed jointly with Health Songs International was the most popular and widely known. The report notes that community concerts, mobile downloads and play by other radio stations played a key role in disseminating the song. The report also provides recommendations for ongoing and future communications campaigns in Haiyan-affected areas." (CDAC website)
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"Turkish media market is highly sophisticated but media outlets are subject to severe political pressure. Young Turks are turning increasingly to the Internet and social media to compensate. Internet already rivals TV as key information source. Kurdish speakers use the same outlets as other Turks, b
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ut with addition of Kurdish language media. A communications strategy for Turkey's Kurds will depend on the goal, as knowledge of Turkish is virtually universal." (Page 42)
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