"Taking a broad view, this report focuses on the need for communication planning and for recognition by Arab countries that communication must be placed in the larger context of comprehensive development planning. Several sections also consider the importance of developing capacity for production of
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communication materials, along with an analysis of what is actually being produced. The facilities discussed are broadcasting, print media, news agencies, telecommunication network and technology. The imbalance in the flow of information is dealt with throughout. Appendixes tell the status of district and local media, telecommunications linkages, Intelsat ground stations, and centers for information and communication research in the various Arab states." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 24)
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"The first part includes studies international in scope, or deal with general theoretical, methodological and policy issues. The second part contains studies treating the regional or national flow of news by country for Africa, the Arab States, Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, North America, an
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d South and Central America. While studies on news flow in Latin America and Asia are numerous, there are fewer for Africa and the Socialist countries, which makes their inclusion especially valuable. Certain of the works are supported with systematic data, while others are historical and analytical. Entries, which are extensively annotated, cover monographs, periodical articles, and theses, and are by contributors from around the globe. Hamid Mowlana compiled an earlier bibliography, International Communication: A Selected Bibliography (Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1971), well-organized but not annotated." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 309)
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"Although rural development, especially in the Third World, is a major concern of UNESCO, emphasis here is upon those uses of media which support community initiatives in urban settings or were introduced to help resolve tensions and problems. Media are not limited to newspapers and broadcasting; th
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ey also include such other forms as wall posters, mimeographed newsletters, audio cassettes and portable video equipment. Emphasis, however, is not upon the medium or its mode of delivery, but rather upon its function within a community program to focus upon the urban problem. Scope is international and arrangement is by country: Africa, the Arab world, Australia, the Caribbean (a case study), Europe, India, Japan, Latin America, North America and the Philippines. An appendix includes extracts from the Final Report of the Urban Community Media Consultation, UNESCO: "Proposals for related activities," and "Proposals for future activities and research programmes.'' A 1977 study edited by Frances J. Berrigan, 'Access: Some Western Modern Models of Community Media' (UNESCO), is a discussion accompanied by case studies of different ways in which communities in the U. S., Canada and some European countries have provided access for audience participation in broadcasting programming for both television and radio." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 251)
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"Current research on the Arab image in U.S. media tends to be strictly contemporary, linked to Israel and the Middle East conflict. This research, however, begins in 1917 with the downfall of Ottoman control and ends in 1948 with the creation of Israel. By means of a content analysis of the New York
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Times it shows how the image changed from a romantic one, fostered by the Arabian Nights and reinforced by the early movie industry, to the present more realistic portrayal." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 306)
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"The major conclusion is that information flows are far more strongly influenced and oriented first by historical and cultural links, including those remaining from colonial times, then by ideological affinities and lastly by community of interests, than they are by geographical proximity. This is n
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o surprise but may at first sight appear unfortunate, Less than twenty per cent of the news space in the South Americar, dailies, for example, is given over to Latin America, and the Senegalese press shows greater interest in a minor ministerial reshuffle in France or the Federal Republic of Germany than in an election taking place in the Gambia or the Ivory Coast." (Introduction)
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"The Islamic sermon is a channel of communication which is well suited to the needs of contemporary Middle Easteners. It is an old Islamic institution with a high degree of legitimacy among the traditional people. Yet the modernizing ruling elites can control it and feed into it modern messages whic
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h the preachers warp in the legitimacy myths of the traditional people. Thus the sermon is one way by which the ruling elites can communicate across the communication gap to the traditional people." (Page 381)
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"Anthology, prepared for UNESCO, which provides the first general view of the cinema in the Arab world. It is divided into six sections: the cinema and Arab culture, history of the Arab cinema, geography of the Arab cinema, problems and future development, recommendations, film lists and statistics.
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" (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 1456)
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