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A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders
Key Guides

Build Up; Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (2022)

"Many mediators and peacebuilders are interested in using information about actors and narratives on social media to inform programming. Our starting assumption is that users of this toolkit do not have the resources to either hire a specialist social media analysis firm or to pay for commercial soc ... more

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Digital Livelihoods Undone: Digital Skills Training and the Systematic Exclusion of Refugees in Lebanon

Rabih Shibli, Sarah Kouzi

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 4, issue 3 (2022), pp. 42-47

"A decade into the Syrian war, Lebanon remains the country hosting the largest number of refugees per capita worldwide, limiting their work to three sectors of the economy. Most of the employed refugees have therefore been active in the informal market under indecent and insecure working conditions. ... more

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Représentations des migrations dans les médias: État des lieux des initiatives de renforcement de capacités menées et recommandations

Issy-les-Moulineaux: CFI Développement Médias (2022), 309 pp.

"Cette étude participative, menée dans le cadre du projet Dialogues migrations, a été conduite pour identifier les acteurs et actrices agissant dans les médias et sur les migrations, comprendre et analyser les représentations véhiculées par les discours médiatiques et les discours publics r ... more

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Social Media Behavior During Uprisings: Selective Sharing and Avoidance in the China (Hong Kong), Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon Protests

Claudia Kozman, Clement Y. K. So, Sahar Khalifa Salim, Mostafa Movahedian, Jana El Amin, Jad Melki

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 4 (2022), pp. 723-748

"This study examines the use of social media by individuals during protests in China (Hong Kong), Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon. Method: Surveys in the four countries assess the relationship between people's attitudes toward the protests and their selection bias on social media, manifested through selecti ... more

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Viabilidade da mídia: Consultas nacionais sobre soluções para promoção e preservação de sua independência. Brasil, El Salvador, Indonésia, Jamaica, Líbano, Namíbia, Nigéria, Paquistão, Senegal e Tunísia

Brasilia: UNESCO; Free Press Unlimited (2022), 32 pp.

"Este relatório fornece transcrições resumidas de consultas nacionais sobre a viabilidade da mídia com as partes interessadas no setor dos meios de comunicação. As consultas nacionais são baseadas nas trocas de conhecimento e pesquisas proporcionadas pela UNESCO e pela The Economist Intellige ... more

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Digital Maps

British Council (2022), 136 pp.

"Developed and delivered in 2021/2022, the Digital Media Arts for an inclusive Public Sphere (Digital MAPS) programme brought together three universities, a data science and software company, an international Digital Peacebuilding NGO, as well as 18 country-based media-arts initiatives, to explore l ... more

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Journalists' Socio-Economic Rights in Lebanon

Widad Jarbouh, Karim Safieddine

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 20 pp.

"The SKF has launched the first edition of its semi-annual study, tackling the issue of journalists' and media workers' socio-economic rights in Lebanon. In its first section, the report sheds light on the responsiveness of journalists and their interaction with the survey, and the idea behind this ... more

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UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Lebanon: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.

"The MDP’s response to these urgent needs was twofold: assisting Lebanese media in overcoming the viability crisis caused by the Beirut blasts, and countering the deterioration of freedom of expression and of the safety of journalists, while also maintaining previous efforts to raise awareness on ... more

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The State of Digital Security Among Independent Media Organizations in Lebanon

Ali Sibai

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 31 pp.

"This research was conducted to assess the digital security posture among independent media organizations in Lebanon. It is significant for media organizations in Lebanon to maintain a good standard of digital security, especially in an era when press freedom is increasingly under attack." (Introduc ... more

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Review of the Funding Landscape for Media Development Actors in Lebanon

Michael Randall

Brussels: Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD); Samir Kassir Foundation; International Media Support (IMS) (2022), 27 pp.

"[...] there has been a growing recognition that traditional approaches to media development are struggling to deliver the anticipated results. This acknowledgement has led some donors to conduct far-ranging needs assessments in order to better understand the priorities of their beneficiaries as wel ... l as the environmental constraints that have blunted the impact of media development initiatives in the past. At the same time, the recipients of donor funding are increasingly asking to have a say in determining the kind of support that is provided by the international community. They say that programmes should be driven by demand rather than by donor assumptions or thematic priorities that do not fully reflect the situation on the ground. The calls for proposals reviewed during this study suggest that donors are responding to these concerns. There is clear evidence of concerted efforts to make funding more accessible to local organisations and to move the centre of gravity away from international partners. Although some programmes remain out of the reach of local players due to the size of their budgets or their regional scope, they often include very significant sub-granting programmes aimed at helping local media to become viable businesses and at supporting the production of public interest content. The themes embraced by the calls also reflect the urgent need within the media sector to build resilience to economic shocks, political bullying and disinformation campaigns. There is a marked insistence on promoting usable skills such as factchecking and mobile journalism, accompanied by provisions for ensuring that training is delivered by “media professionals as opposed to professional trainers with minimal or no experience in the media industry”. These are positive developments which, to a large extent, have been driven by sustained dialogue between stakeholders and far-ranging needs assessments. Of particular note in Lebanon is the unprecedented success of the Media Recovery Fund, initiated by the Samir Kassir Foundation, which marks a dramatic shift in the implementer-donor relationship. There is a strong possibility that this approach could form the focus of future coordination efforts and could, in time, serve as the cornerstone for a national media development strategy. It could also become a blueprint for other countries in the region." (Executive summary) more

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Media Coverage of Religious Freedom and Diversity: Reception and Perception Qualitative Study from Iraq, Lebanon and Sudan

Jad Safwan, Nidal Ayoub, Montadhar Kadhim Nasser, Rasha Abdallah Al-Awad

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation; Internews (2022), 40 pp.

"This qualitative study report primarily details the reactions of local audiences in Lebanon, Iraq, and Sudan and their perception of media content produced by journalist trained by ENQUIRE (Enhancing Quality Information on Religious Freedoms). The content is compared with that of more traditional, ... more

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How Lebanese Elites Coopt Protest Discourse: A Social Media Analysis

Alexandra Siegel

Beirut: Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS) (2022), 17 pp.

"This report leverages social media data to provide real-time measures of how diverse elites have strategically co-opted protest narratives during Lebanon's 2019 October revolution. Social media data provides temporally granular measures of elites' political communication strategies, as well as thei ... more

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The Lebanese Media Coverage of Father Mansour Labaky's Prison Sentence

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 34 pp.

"On November 8, 2021, a French court sentenced Lebanese priest Mansour Labaky to 15 years in prison in absentia. Labaky’s name has been added to the list of registered sex offenders. The court also announced that the arrest warrant issued against him in 2016 shall remain in force. The priest was c ... more

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The Chilling: A Global Study of Online Violence Against Women Journalists
Deep Insights

Julie Posetti, Nabeelah Shabbir (eds.)

International Center for Journalists (ICFJ); UNESCO (2022), 325 pp.

"This ground-breaking three-year global study on gender-based online violence against women journalists represents collaborative research covering 15 countries. It is the most geographically, linguistically, and ethnically diverse scoping of the crisis conducted up until late 2022. The research draw ... more

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Counter-Hegemonic Collaborations or Alliances of the Underdogs? The Case of TeleSUR with Al-Mayadeen, RT and CGTN

Pablo Sebastian Morales

Global Media and Communication, volume 18, issue 3 (2022), pp. 365-382

"This study explores how news channels from the Global South challenge western narratives by co-producing TV programmes. It focuses on Telesur (Venezuela) and its collaborations with RT (Russia), Al-Mayadeen (Lebanon) and CCTV/CGTN (China). By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, this pap ... more

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After the Pandemic, Building Back a Stronger Media: Inspiring Initiatives in Ensuring Media Viability
Deep Insights

Larry Kilman

Paris: UNESCO (2022), 81 pp.

"The pandemic brought to crisis point prior trends facing independent news media, whether online or offline or hybrid. While media became more important than ever for citizens as a source of reliable information in an insecure and continuously changing world, newsrooms struggled to pay their bills. ... more

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Free Speech: The Crumbling Infrastructure. SKF Annual Report 2021

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 34 pp.

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Independent Media in Lebanon: An Economic Outlook

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2021), 10 pp.

"Alternative media platforms in Lebanon vary in size and expenditures. Annual turnovers range between USD 15,000 to almost USD 1.1 million. Editorial costs make up the bulk of all alternative media platforms. Namely the salaries of core team members and journalists, as well as the fees paid to freel ... ancers, correspondents, and outside consultants/writers. Secondary costs include production equipment, rent, operation, equipment, legal fees, and technical feels. All interviewed independent platforms are non-profit. Almost all members of independent platforms are motivated primarily by their love of the job. Most independent platforms have relied on volunteering, either totally or partially, from their conception to their current stage. None of the platforms interviewed have a devoted person or team in charge of marketing and sales in the traditional sense of buying ads or working on partnerships. Partnerships are usually rare, approached informally, by word-of-mouth and networks, and decided up by editorial teams. All platforms have one person (full-timer or part-timer) in charge of marketing the platform’s own content on social media, but not advertising other brands on their own platforms, except The961. Almost all the platforms are unsatisfied with the current promotion model on social media. Most concerns are related to the clash between the platform’s values and the ethics and politics of social media platforms. Complaints also touched upon the fact that independent media have to invest time and money to create content, and then they have to pay social media to host it, rather than get paid by social media. Some platforms, such as Khateera, have adopted a pragmatic mindset from the start. “Our only objective is to get our message across to as wide an audience as possible,” they said. All media have agreed that good journalism costs money and generates very little, therefore other revenue streams are required to sustain it. All independent media interviewed have relied mostly on grants, except The961. Grants provide core funding and project-based funding. Both Daraj and Megaphone have also relied on volunteers but have shifted away from it. Sentiments towards grants vary. Most platforms in Lebanon have chosen donors that are not related to national, local or foreign authorities; donors that preserve their editorial integrity: i.e., no interference in editorial decisions and alignment with values and ethics. They all have a good relationship with their donors." (Findings, page 3) more

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Exposed and Exploited: Data Protection in the Middle East and North Africa

Marwa Fatafta, Dima Samaro

Access Now (2021), 45 pp.

"In this report, we highlight how privacy and data protection violations by state and non-state actors are compounded by the lack of legal data protection safeguards which would obligate public entities, private companies, and international organizations to respect and adhere to data protection prin ... more

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The Struggle Over Narrative in Lebanon Post the October Uprising: Can the Alternative Groups Fight the Ruling Elite's Control Over Media?

Diala Ahwach et al.

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 49 pp.

"Despite the growing impact and diversity in the alternative media scene in Lebanon, and the key role they play in producing a counter-hegemonic narrative on political, economic, and sociological matters, they remain nonetheless lacking a viable and sturdy infrastructure. The latter is evident in th ... more

A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders Key Guides

The Chilling: A Global Study of Online Violence Against Women Journalists Deep Insights

After the Pandemic, Building Back a Stronger Media: Inspiring Initiatives in Ensuring Media Viability Deep Insights

A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders
Key Guides

The Chilling: A Global Study of Online Violence Against Women Journalists
Deep Insights

After the Pandemic, Building Back a Stronger Media: Inspiring Initiatives in Ensuring Media Viability
Deep Insights