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A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders
Key Guidance

Build Up;Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (2022)

"Many mediators and peacebuilders are interested in using information about actors and narratives on social media to inform programming. Our starting assumption is that users of this toolkit do not have the resources to either hire a specialist social media analysis firm or to pay for commercial soc ... more

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Digital Maps

British Council (2022), 136 pp.

"Developed and delivered in 2021/2022, the Digital Media Arts for an inclusive Public Sphere (Digital MAPS) programme brought together three universities, a data science and software company, an international Digital Peacebuilding NGO, as well as 18 country-based media-arts initiatives, to explore l ... more

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Viabilidade da mídia: Consultas nacionais sobre soluções para promoção e preservação de sua independência. Brasil, El Salvador, Indonésia, Jamaica, Líbano, Namíbia, Nigéria, Paquistão, Senegal e Tunísia

Brasilia: UNESCO;Free Press Unlimited (2022), 32 pp.

"Este relatório fornece transcrições resumidas de consultas nacionais sobre a viabilidade da mídia com as partes interessadas no setor dos meios de comunicação. As consultas nacionais são baseadas nas trocas de conhecimento e pesquisas proporcionadas pela UNESCO e pela The Economist Intellige ... more

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Lebanon's 2022 Parliamentary Election: A Look into Political Parties' Online Behaviour Vis-à-vis Alternative Candidates

Ralph Baydoun, Yara Al Chehayed

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 132 pp.

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Living in Refuge: Ritualization and Religiosity in a Christian and a Muslim Palestinian Refugee Camp in Lebanon

Leonardo Schiocchet

Bielefeld: transcript (2022), 264 pp.

"This comparative ethnography of a Muslim and a Christian Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon focuses on contrasting social belonging processes through a ritualization approach. Leonardo Schiocchet argues that contrasts emerge out of the intersectionality of religiosity, nationhood, refugeeness and ... more

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Représentations des migrations dans les médias: État des lieux des initiatives de renforcement de capacités menées et recommandations

Développement Médias (2022), 309 pp.

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Review of the Funding Landscape for Media Development Actors in Lebanon

Michael Randall

Brussels: Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD);Samir Kassir Foundation;International Media Support (IMS) (2022), 27 pp.

"[...] there has been a growing recognition that traditional approaches to media development are struggling to deliver the anticipated results. This acknowledgement has led some donors to conduct far-ranging needs assessments in order to better understand the priorities of their beneficiaries as wel ... l as the environmental constraints that have blunted the impact of media development initiatives in the past. At the same time, the recipients of donor funding are increasingly asking to have a say in determining the kind of support that is provided by the international community. They say that programmes should be driven by demand rather than by donor assumptions or thematic priorities that do not fully reflect the situation on the ground. The calls for proposals reviewed during this study suggest that donors are responding to these concerns. There is clear evidence of concerted efforts to make funding more accessible to local organisations and to move the centre of gravity away from international partners. Although some programmes remain out of the reach of local players due to the size of their budgets or their regional scope, they often include very significant sub-granting programmes aimed at helping local media to become viable businesses and at supporting the production of public interest content. The themes embraced by the calls also reflect the urgent need within the media sector to build resilience to economic shocks, political bullying and disinformation campaigns. There is a marked insistence on promoting usable skills such as factchecking and mobile journalism, accompanied by provisions for ensuring that training is delivered by “media professionals as opposed to professional trainers with minimal or no experience in the media industry”. These are positive developments which, to a large extent, have been driven by sustained dialogue between stakeholders and far-ranging needs assessments. Of particular note in Lebanon is the unprecedented success of the Media Recovery Fund, initiated by the Samir Kassir Foundation, which marks a dramatic shift in the implementer-donor relationship. There is a strong possibility that this approach could form the focus of future coordination efforts and could, in time, serve as the cornerstone for a national media development strategy. It could also become a blueprint for other countries in the region." (Executive summary) more

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Free Speech: The Crumbling Infrastructure. SKF Annual Report 2021

Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2022), 34 pp.

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Social Media Behavior During Uprisings: Selective Sharing and Avoidance in the China (Hong Kong), Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon Protests

Claudia Kozman, Clement Y. K. So, Sahar Khalifa Salim, Mostafa Movahedian, Jana El Amin, Jad Melki

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 4 (2022), pp. 723-748

"This study examines the use of social media by individuals during protests in China (Hong Kong), Iraq, Iran, and Lebanon. Method: Surveys in the four countries assess the relationship between people's attitudes toward the protests and their selection bias on social media, manifested through selecti ... more

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Media and Information Landscape in Lebanon

Internews;Maharat Foundation (2021), 59 pp.

"Through a combination of qualitative in-depth interviews with alternative media outlets, quantitative audience surveys involving over 1500 respondents, and focus-group discussions with women and youth civil society actors, this media and information landscape (MILA) evaluates the level of trust tow ... more

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Arab Media Systems
Top Insights

Carola Richter, Claudia Kozman (eds.)

Cambridge: Open Book Publishers (2021), xliv, 345 pp.

"This volume provides a comparative analysis of media systems in the Arab world, based on criteria informed by the historical, political, social, and economic factors influencing a country's media. Reaching beyond classical western media system typologies, Arab Media Systems brings together contribu ... more

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National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
Top Insights

Amsterdam: Free Press Unlimited (2021), 33 pp.

"The intersection between media and politics remains very strong in several countries under study. In these conditions, there is often little transparency on media ownership and a lack of transparency on local funding sources of media. Relatedly, in some cases, a change in government policies was ra ... more

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Independent Media in Lebanon: An Economic Outlook

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation (2021), 10 pp.

"Alternative media platforms in Lebanon vary in size and expenditures. Annual turnovers range between USD 15,000 to almost USD 1.1 million. Editorial costs make up the bulk of all alternative media platforms. Namely the salaries of core team members and journalists, as well as the fees paid to freel ... ancers, correspondents, and outside consultants/writers. Secondary costs include production equipment, rent, operation, equipment, legal fees, and technical feels. All interviewed independent platforms are non-profit. Almost all members of independent platforms are motivated primarily by their love of the job. Most independent platforms have relied on volunteering, either totally or partially, from their conception to their current stage. None of the platforms interviewed have a devoted person or team in charge of marketing and sales in the traditional sense of buying ads or working on partnerships. Partnerships are usually rare, approached informally, by word-of-mouth and networks, and decided up by editorial teams. All platforms have one person (full-timer or part-timer) in charge of marketing the platform’s own content on social media, but not advertising other brands on their own platforms, except The961. Almost all the platforms are unsatisfied with the current promotion model on social media. Most concerns are related to the clash between the platform’s values and the ethics and politics of social media platforms. Complaints also touched upon the fact that independent media have to invest time and money to create content, and then they have to pay social media to host it, rather than get paid by social media. Some platforms, such as Khateera, have adopted a pragmatic mindset from the start. “Our only objective is to get our message across to as wide an audience as possible,” they said. All media have agreed that good journalism costs money and generates very little, therefore other revenue streams are required to sustain it. All independent media interviewed have relied mostly on grants, except The961. Grants provide core funding and project-based funding. Both Daraj and Megaphone have also relied on volunteers but have shifted away from it. Sentiments towards grants vary. Most platforms in Lebanon have chosen donors that are not related to national, local or foreign authorities; donors that preserve their editorial integrity: i.e., no interference in editorial decisions and alignment with values and ethics. They all have a good relationship with their donors." (Findings, page 3) more

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Exposed and Exploited: Data Protection in the Middle East and North Africa

Marwa Fatafta, Dima Samaro

Access Now (2021), 45 pp.

"In this report, we highlight how privacy and data protection violations by state and non-state actors are compounded by the lack of legal data protection safeguards which would obligate public entities, private companies, and international organizations to respect and adhere to data protection prin ... more

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Das Selbstmordattentat im Bild: Aktualität und Geschichte von Märtyrerzeugnissen

Verena Straub

Bielefeld: transcript (2021), 314 pp.

"Selbstmordattentate werden seit jeher von Bildern begleitet und durch diese bestimmt. Von Märtyrerpostern über Videotestamente bis hin zu Computersimulationen und Livestreams vom Tatort - die Bildproduktionen der Milizen sind auf vielfältige Weise an der Tat beteiligt und müssen als Akteure im ... more

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Hybrid Media and Hybrid Politics: Contesting Informational Uncertainty in Lebanon and Tunisia

Katrin Voltmer, Kjetil Selvik, Jacob Hoigilt

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 26, issue 4 (2021), pp. 842-860

"This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between hybrid media and hybrid politics in Lebanon and Tunisia. While previous research on the media in hybrid regimes has mainly focused on regime strategies of restricting and manipulating public debate, our analysis moves beyond repression. We ar ... more

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The Struggle Over Narrative in Lebanon Post the October Uprising: Can the Alternative Groups Fight the Ruling Elite's Control Over Media?

Diala Ahwach et al.

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 49 pp.

"Despite the growing impact and diversity in the alternative media scene in Lebanon, and the key role they play in producing a counter-hegemonic narrative on political, economic, and sociological matters, they remain nonetheless lacking a viable and sturdy infrastructure. The latter is evident in th ... more

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Le rôle de l’Église maronite dans la construction du Liban: 1500 ans d’histoire, du Ve au XXe siècle

Didier Ostermann

Geneva: Globethics.net (2021), 135 pp.

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Routledge Handbook on Arab Media
Top Insights

Noureddine Miladi, Noha Mellor (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 528 pp.

"This Handbook provides the first comprehensive reference book in English about the development of mass and social media in all Arab countries. Capturing the historical as well as current developments in the media scene, this collection maps the role of media in social and political movements. Contr ... more

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Regional E-Waste Monitor for the Arab States

Giulia Iattoni, Elise Vermeersch, Cornelis Peter Baldé, Innocent Chidi Nnorom, Ruediger Kuehr

Bonn: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP);United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR);ITU;United Nations University (UNU) (2021), 103 pp.

"The key statistical findings for the region are that electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) placed on the market (POM) increased by 30 per cent from 3.2 megatons (Mt), or 8.8 kilograms per inhabitant (kg/inh), in 2010 to 4.1 Mt (or 9.5 kg/inh) in 2019. The Arab States mostly import, rather than ... more

A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders Key Guidance

Arab Media Systems Top Insights

National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia Top Insights

Routledge Handbook on Arab Media Top Insights

A Social Media Analysis Toolkit for Mediators and Peacebuilders
Key Guidance

Arab Media Systems
Top Insights

National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
Top Insights

Routledge Handbook on Arab Media
Top Insights