"This guide provides educational planners with an awareness and understanding of communication satellite technology, its current uses, and some of the tentative plans for educational experimentation. The first part introduces the general nature of communication satellites in terms of technological c
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ategories, basic economics, and evolutional processes. A detailed description of International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium (INTELSAT) gives an up-to-date picture of an operational communication satellite system. The last part reviews ongoing and proposed experiments that could help revolutionize education over the next two decades. Eight national and international projects are described, in terms of general objectives, scope, cost, software, and evaluation. It is hoped that the satellite experiments will provide answers to many of the questions that communication experts, educators, and engineers have asked about the operational feasibility of using satellites in developed and less-developed countries. But the author also cautions that future success in this field depends not only on satellite technology per se but also the success of program content." (https://eric.ed.gov)
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"Primarily "a study of institutions of the public or public utility character whose purpose is to promote the art and technique of the cinema and their applications in education, science and culture." Thus, film and trade associations and trade union types of associations are not dealt with. It uses
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as examples detailed descriptions and charts of organizations in Britain, India, Sweden, and Poland, with an annex giving names and addresses of national branches of the International Council for Educational Media (ICEM) and the International Scientific Film Association (ISFA) throughout the world. There is also a list of the membership of the International Newsreel Association (INA)." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 1201)
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"Country-by-country examination of the broadcasting systems of 29 countries and one continent, giving origin, development, regulation, programming patterns, quantitative dimensions. While some of the material has dated, much still holds. Countries include the U.S., Mexico, Canada, the United Kingdom
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, Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, France, Italy, Greece, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Spain, the U.S.S.R., Hungary, Yugoslavia, Turkey, India, China, Japan, Australia, and the continent of Africa (lan overview)." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 598)
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"Les problèmes dont souffre la presse indienne: le manque de fonds — Le taux faible de lecteurs — Approvisionnement en papier journal — Comment élargir le cercle des lecteurs — A la recherche des solutions." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing
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countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1169, topic code 110.1, 140)
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"La situation des photographes de presse en Inde — Prenant les plus grands risques dans leur travail, aidant souvent les journaux, ils sont cependant les hommes les plus mal payés de la profession en comparaison avec leurs confrères de l'étranger." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The
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use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 2239, topic code 19)
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"The purposes of the present study are: (1) to examine the nature of the modernization process among peasants in one less developed country, Colombia, and (2) to determine the cross-cultural validity of these findings in other of the less developed nations. Peasants are important subjects of study b
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y social scientists because they constitute a majority of the population of most less developed nations. In this book modernization is viewed as essentially a communication process; modernizing message must reach the peasant via such communication channels as the mass media, change agents, or the villager's trips to cities. The methodological approach to theory construction in the present work is middle-range analysis. Data were gathered from peasants in six Colombian villages varying in degree of modernization; comparable data-gathering procedures and measures were used in two studies in India and one in Kenya in order to provide cross-cultural tests of generalization. Functional literacy was measured among the Colombian peasants by asking each respondent to read a six-word sentence in Spanish. Highly positive relationships were obtained between functional literacy scores and (1) self-defined literacy, and (2) years of formal education. These findings have been confirmed with data from a sample of 702 Indian peasants, whose responses lend cross-cultural credence to the conclusions." (ERIC databse)
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"Situation de la télévision en Inde — Les motifs pour développer la télévision: de prestige, politiques, d'éducation — Pour un service de télévision éducative, mais pas au détriment de la radio — La télévision et le développement national." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfak
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h: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 2380, topic code 410.1)
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"Tableau de la presse quotidienne et hebdomadaire du Bengale occidental — Tirage — Quelques publications — La nécessité de développer la presse dans cette région de l'Inde — L'accent est mis sur la nécessité de développer la presse de langue vernaculaire." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfa
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ttah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1431, topic code 110.1, 110.45)
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"This list provides useful information on the 226 member newspapers of the I.E.N.S. (selling price, advertising charges, technical data, administration, etc.)" (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1090, topic code 11
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0.1)
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"Exposé devant le 21e Congrès de la F.I.E.J. à Kyoto. L'Association des Editeurs de Journaux Japonais (N.S.K.) fournit depuis 1960 une aide technique à de nombreux journaux asiatiques — Elle organise des séminaires d'information, procède à des échanges de stagiaires et à l'envoi d'experts
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— Soixante participants représentant onze pays d'Asie ont assisté aux séminaires — Des experts ont été envoyés aux Indes, en Corée et dans une dizaine d'autres pays." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 866, topic code 163.20)
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"The full impact of satellite communication will be realized only when it becomes feasible to spacecast directly into homes, facilitating inexpensive long-distance calls and enabling conferences to be held via telephone and closed-circuit television. Business travel will diminish. Space communicatio
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n, by increasing the flow of information and its speed of availability and by bypassing the editorial process, can produce a less informed, rather than a better informed, public opinion, and may create tension due to hasty decisions. There will be technical problems of frequency allocation, compatibility of standards, and control of programs and legal problems of copyright and protection against commercial exploitation. Major artistic and political events will be viewed world-wide, simultaneously, reducing parochialism and xenophobia. Communication satellites will aid education, especially in developing countries and facilitate interlibrary exchange of information. They should also create a mutual flow of information between the developed and the developing nations. Information from the latter should cover normal developments in the news, not just crisis situations. An appendix lists participants. This document is based upon papers submitted to the UNESCO meeting of experts on the use of space communication by the mass media (Paris, December 6-10, 1965)." (https://eric.ed.gov)
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