Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

Journalism and self-censorship in the insecure democracies of Central America

José Luis Benítez

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 13-28

"This chapter focuses on the context of violence and political polarization in three Central American countries: Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, and analyses how these conditions negatively affect press freedom and the practice of journalism. The author argues that the notion of “insecure dem ... more

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Journalistic Coverage of Organized Crime in Mexico: Reporting on the Facts, Security Protocols, and Recurrent Subthemes

Elba Díaz-Cerveró, Daniel Barredo Ibáñez

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 2500-2518

"Mexico is among the most violent countries for journalism, with more than 100 journalists killed in the past two decades. Behind these murders, which have largely gone unpunished, are phenomena such as organized crime and corruption, as well as a lack of state presence in some regions. In this stud ... more

Double-edged knife: Practices and perceptions of technology and digital security among Mexican journalists in violent contexts

Rubén Arnoldo González, Frida V. Rodelo

Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, volume 3, issue 1 (2020), pp. 22-42

"Violence against Mexican journalists has received significant attention from scholars at home and abroad during the last decade. However, though a diversity of issues have been consistently studied, there is one topic that is still largely neglected: the implications of technology for news workers� ... more

Pushing a Political Agenda: Harassment of French and African Journalists in Côte d’Ivoire’s 2010-2011 National Election Crisis

Jeslyn Lemke

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 472-490

"Côte d’Ivoire’s national election in 2010 descended into civil war into 2011 when incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo refused to concede the presidency to the internationally recognized winner Alassane Ouattara. The three political players in this election—the parties of Ouattara, Gbagbo, and ... more

Covid 19 and the Safety of Media Personnel in Nigeria

Joseph B. Ayodele

Revista de Studii Media, volume 9 (2020), pp. 14-23

"This paper investigated media personnel employers’compliance with safety and protection of professionals in charge of dissemination of information whenever their assignments take them to places where their lives could be at risk. The occupational safety and health convention spells out the requir ... more

Risk perception and negotiation of safety among Ugandan female journalists covering political demonstrations

Aisha Sembatya Nakiwala

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 130-147

"Safety of female journalists in and beyond the newsroom continues to stimulate debate on how risky environments can trigger self-censorship among journalists, yet few studies have investigated women journalists’ experience of risk in specific work contexts. This chapter examines the perception of ... more

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Safety and self-censorship: Examining their linkage to social media use among Uganda journalists

Florence Namasinga Selnes

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 164-180

"This chapter’s point of departure lies in its focus on how journalists and media organizations navigate through unsafe environments and avoid self-censorship. The study specifically explores the connection between safety and self-censorship and journalist’s deployment of social media in the Uga ... more

Democracy at Stake: Self-Censorship as a Self-Defence Strategy for Journalists

Gerald Walulya, Goretti L. Nassanga

Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 5-14

"The media play an essential role of informing and mobilising voters as well as facilitating a two-way communication process between citizens and those vying for electoral offices during elections. This allows citizens to get information on various issues from the contenders, which largely informs t ... more

Chilling or cosy effects? Zimbabwean journalists’ experiences and the struggle for definition of self-censorship

Nhamo Anthony Mhiripiri

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 47-64

"The definition of censorship denotes direct or overt restriction on free expression or freedom of the media. The popular understanding of self-censorship involves a person’s involuntary self-silencing. A journalist’s wilful, personal, intentional self-censorship, at times motivated by selfish m ... more

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Security challenges for journalists and the mass media in advancing free speech in war torn countries: The case of Afghanistan

Mohammad Tamim Sediqi, Farid Sufian Shuaib

Journal of Islamic Law, volume 16, issue 1 (2020), pp. 59-77

"The challenges faced by journalists and mass media in war torn countries are serious. The same could be said to be the case in Afghanistan. Though freedom of speech and of the mass media are among the on-going struggles of the Afghan people after the fall of the Taliban regime, it is worrying that ... more

Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria

Olunifesi Adekunle Suraj

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 80-99

"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire ... more

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Journalists' Safety and Multifaceted Censorship in Colombia

Yennué Zárate Valderrama

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 298-318

"Safety of journalists has been studied as part of freedom of expression. This chapter seeks to address issues surrounding journalists' safety and censorship in Colombia by shedding light on a triple menace: the decrease in journalistic quality, citizens' right to information, and the influence on j ... more

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Talking Back: Journalists Defending Attacks Against Their Profession in the Trump Era

Michael Koliska, Kalyani Chadha, Alison Burns

Journalism Studies, volume 21, issue 11 (2020), pp. 1496–1513

"According to neo-institutional theory, the survival of institutions in society is predicated on a cultural discourse. Dubbed “the institutional myth,” this discourse reflects the core values, practices and aspirations of an institution and legitimizes its existence to internal and external stak ... more

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A Review on the Safety of Journalists in Turkey: A Victims' Rights Perspective

Bora Ataman, Baris Çoban, Özlem Erkmen

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 148-171

"In the neoliberal media autocracy of Turkey, mass media are propaganda tools rather than the public watchdogs. The coup attempt in 2016 gave the government additional power to institutionalise this regime. Critical journalists have become the enemies of the state and suffered from threats from vari ... more

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Censorship, the Media, and the Market in China

Jonathan Hassid

Journal of Chinese Political Science, volume 25 (2020), pp. 285–309

"Pervasive media censorship in China is often seen as a strictly political issue. Although in past years reporters have had leeway to report on economic issues, the Chinese Party/state has moved to tamp down economic journalism, even arresting those who report on bad economic news. This shift brings ... more

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Media Accountability and Journalists: To Whom Do Spanish Professionals Feel Responsible?

María-Ángeles Chaparro-Domínguez, Juan-Carlos Suárez-Villegas, Ruth Rodríguez-Martínez

Journalism Practice, volume 14, issue 7 (2020), pp. 812-829

"This paper analyses to whom Spanish journalists feel responsible. To achieve this objective, we sent out a survey to Spanish journalists to ascertain their opinion on this question. The journalists’ point of view was then compared with that of the general public though six focus groups consisting ... more

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Types and Sources of Threats to Media Freedom in Uganda

Florence Namasinga Selnes, Gerald Walulya

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety

Sadia Jamil (ed.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 257-276

"This chapter contributes to journalism research from the Uganda's context by investigating the types and sources of threats to journalists' safety and media freedom in the country. The authors achieve this by examining relevant documents on the state of journalism in Uganda and interviewing journal ... more

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Mob Censorship: Online Harassment of US Journalists in Times of Digital Hate and Populism

Silvio Waisbord

Digital Journalism, volume 8, issue 8 (2020), pp. 1030-1046

"Rising numbers of online attacks against journalists have been documented globally. Female, minority reporters and journalists who cover issues interwoven with right-wing identity anchors have been primary targets. This trend reflects growing forms of mob censorship linked to the demonization of jo ... more

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Latinx Feminist Activism for the Safety of Women Journalists

Aimée Vega Montiel

In: The Routledge Handbook of Gender and Communication

Marnel Niles Goins, Joan Faber McAlister, Bryant Keith Alexander (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), 10 pp.

"Gender-based violence against women journalists has increased dramatically, both offline and online. These professionals face more barriers to performing their roles in safe conditions. Slow progress has been made by governments and news media industries to protect women journalists. Most of the pr ... more