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Effectively Communicating Biodiversity Loss Through Audiovisual Stories

Jannika K. Nowak, Susan Rozema

Jönköping: Jönköping University, Master Thesis (2021), vii, 49 pp.

"Communication about biodiversity loss is insufficient and audiovisual stories can help to effectively communicate the problem. This research developed the optimum communication criteria for communicating effectively about biodiversity loss through audiovisual stories. We created our theoretical fra ... more

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Manual para periodistas: Nuevas maneras de informar y comunicar la COVD-19

Calandria (2021), 125 pp.

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Social Media for Behaviour Change Toolkit (SM4BC) for Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean
Key Guidance

Nedra Kline Weinreich

Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) (2021), 170 pp.

"This toolkit will help you to learn and apply the most important concepts of behaviour change to use in your social media planning, content development and outreach. In fact, the ideas you’ll gather here can help you with all aspects of your program’s communications and project design. The acti ... more

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Status of Development Communication Research: An Examination of the Recent Trends in the Philippines

Marife R. De Torres, Emely M. Amoloza, Pamela A. Custodio, Anna Roffel O. Lozada, Marielle J. Pasuquin, Crina E. Tañongon

Journal of Development Communication, volume 32, issue 2 (2021), pp. 59-72

"This study is a response to the challenge of Development Communication (DevCom) scholar Felix Librero to analyse the status and trends in UP Los Baños DevCom research that may help in reinvigorating the research thrust of the college attuned to the needs of time. As a rejoinder to previous efforts ... more

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Can Health Information Through Mobile Phones Close the Divide in Health Behaviours Among the Marginalised? An Equity Analysis of Kilkari in Madhya Pradesh, India

Diwakar Mohan, Kerry Scott, Neha Shah et al.

BMJ Global Health, issue 6: e005512 (2021), 10 pp.

"Kilkari is one of the largest maternal mobile messaging programmes in the world. It makes weekly prerecorded calls to new and expectant mothers and their families from the fourth month of pregnancy until 1-year post partum. The programme delivers reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health in ... more

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Where Are the Women? Insights from Across Asia on the Barriers to Including Women as Sources and Journalists in Environmental Reporting

Sweta Daga, Okky Madasari, Zofeen Ebrahim, Edz dela Cruz et al.

Earth Journalism Network (EJN) (2021), 59 pp.

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Baseline Report on Ugandan Media Coverage of Road Safety

Kampala: African Centre for Media Excellence (ACME) (2021), v, 22 pp.

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Ecological Civilisation Discourse in Xinhua’s African Newswires: Towards a Greener Agency?

Robert Boughen

African Journalism Studies, volume 42, issue 3 (2021), pp. 67-81

"How does Chinese central media represent Africa through its environmental news? This article argues that the way in which Chinese central media organisations have reported environmental issues across the African continent has altered from a reactive “charm defensive” towards the promotion of a ... more

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Effects of an E-Reader Intervention on Literacy, Numeracy and Non-Verbal Reasoning Among Adolescent Girls in Zambia: Evidence from a Randomised Controlled Trial

Barbara S. Mensch, Nicole Haberland, Erica Soler-Hampejsek, Jean Digitale, Natalie Jackson-Hachonda et al.

Journal of Development Effectiveness, volume 13, issue 3 (2021), pp. 247-275

"This paper presents results from a three-arm randomized controlled trial in Zambia with a sample of nearly 1200 adolescent girls enrolled in Grade 7. Selected primary schools (N=36) were randomly assigned within each of three districts to one of three arms: 1) e-readers, which girls could take home ... more

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Humanitarian Communication in a Post-Truth World

Mel Bunce

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 1, issue 1 (2021), pp. 49-55

"When people look online for information about humanitarian crises, they increasingly encounter media content that blurs the line between reality and fiction. This includes everything from rumour and exaggeration to partisan journalism and completely invented stories designed to look like real news ... more

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The Critical Risk of Disinformation for Humanitarians: The Case of the MV Aquarius

Sean Healy, Victoria Russell

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 3, issue 1 (2021), pp. 28-39

"The search and rescue of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants on the Mediterranean has become a site of major political contestation in Europe, on the seas, in parliaments and government offices and in online public opinion. This article summarises one particular set of controversies, namely, fals ... more

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Ethical Traditions in Humanitarian Photography and the Challenges of the Digital Age: Four Conversations with Canadian Communications Officers

Dominique Marshall

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 3, issue 2 (2021), pp. 57-64

"As the production, content, and display of humanitarian images faced the requirements of digital media, humanitarian organizations struggled to keep equitable visual practices. Media specialists reflect on past and current uses of images in four Canadian agencies: the Canadian Red Cross, the Multic ... more

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Visual Media and Development Education in Canadian Schools: 1980–2000

Dominique Marshall

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 3, issue 2 (2021), pp. 45-56

"For two decades, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) prepared pedagogical materials for Canadian schools. This article reviews the role of visual media in the hundreds of publications prepared for Development Education. Samples collected by Marc Rockbrune, Distribution Clerk respon ... more

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When ‘Seeing Was Believing’: Visual Advocacy in the Early Decades of Humanitarian Cinema

Valérie Gorin

Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 3, issue 2 (2021), pp. 18-27

"Focusing on the pivotal period of 1919–23 and the large-scale humanitarian responses in Central and Eastern Europe, this paper discusses the development of advocacy in the movies made by organizations like the ICRC, Save the Children Fund or American Relief Administration. While aid agencies obse ... more

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Maintaining land and life in Vanuatu: Indigenous alternatives of recovery following the Manaro eruption on Ambae, Vanuatu

Foley C. Pfalzgraf

Journal of Environmental Media, volume 2, issue Supplement (2021), pp. 5.1–5.13

"Between 2017 and 2019, the Manaro volcano on the island of Ambae in Vanuatu erupted consistently, leading to two compulsory evacuations of the island’s communities. The eruption was only one of many ecological emergencies unfolding in Vanuatu as climate change continues to affect the islands. Ami ... more

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Radio: A Key Humanitarian Response Tool

Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises (ELRHA) (2021), 2 pp.

"This study, undertaken during the COVID-19 outbreak in Burkina Faso, found that radio enabled sharing of rapid, relevant, and reliable information, even during COVID-19 and a deteriorating security situation. Radio can be considered and deployed in emergency context as an urgent response tool. Huma ... more

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Combating Disinformation in the Arab World. Case Study: The COVID-19 Pandemic

Noha Atef

Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ);Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2021), 43 pp.

"In this paper, ARIJ proposes the following recommendations which target the greater media community. This includes media institutions concerned with the press, unions, press unions and donors who support this venture. We maintain that disinformation is a product of a social and political environmen ... more

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MENA Monitor: Arabic COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Online

Ciarán O'Connor, Moustafa Ayad

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 19 pp.

"Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and the subsequent development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines are rampant across Arabic-language Facebook pages and groups. They are also linked to a larger network of anti-vaccination websites, Twitter accounts and YouTube channels across the web. Researchers f ... more

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Explicability of Humanitarian AI: A Matter of Principles

Giulio Coppi, Moreno Jimenez Rebeca, Sofia Kyriazi

Journal of International Humanitarian Action, volume 6, issue 19 (2021), 22 pp.

"In the debate on how to improve efficiencies in the humanitarian sector and better meet people’s needs, the argument for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making (ADMs) systems has gained significant traction and ignited controversy for its ethical and human rights-re ... lated implications. Setting aside the implications of introducing unmanned and automated systems in warfare, we focus instead on the impact of the adoption of AI-based ADMs in humanitarian response. In order to maintain the status and protection conferred by the humanitarian mandate, aid organizations are called to abide by a broad set of rules condensed in the humanitarian principles and notably the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. But how do these principles operate when decision-making is automated? This article opens with an overview of AI and ADMs in the humanitarian sector, with special attention to the concept of algorithmic opacity. It then explores the transformative potential of these systems on the complex power dynamics between humanitarians, principled assistance, and affected communities during acute crises. Our research confirms that the existing flaws in accountability and epistemic processes can be also found in the mathematical and statistical formulas and in the algorithms used for automation, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and other efficiency-gaining-related processes. In doing so, our analysis highlights the potential harm to people resulting from algorithmic opacity, either through removal or obfuscation of the causal connection between triggering events and humanitarian services through the so-called black box effect (algorithms are often described as black boxes, as their complexity and technical opacity hide and obfuscate their inner workings (Diakopoulos, Tow Center for Digital Journ, 2017). Recognizing the need for a humanitarian ethics dimension in the analysis of automation, AI, and ADMs used in humanitarian action, we endorse the concept of “explicability” as developed within the ethical framework of machine learning and humancomputer interaction, together with a set of proxy metrics. Finally, we stress the need for developing auditable standards, as well as transparent guidelines and frameworks to rein in the risks of what has been defined as humanitarian experimentation (Sandvik, Jacobsen, and McDonald, Int. Rev. Red Cross 99(904), 319–344, 2017). This article concludes that accountability mechanisms for AI-based systems and ADMs used to respond to the needs of populations in situation of vulnerability should be an essential feature by default, in order to preserve the respect of the do no harm principle even in the digital dimension of aid. In conclusion, while we confirm existing concerns related to the adoption of AI-based systems and ADMs in humanitarian action, we also advocate for a roadmap towards humanitarian AI for the sector and introduce a tentative ethics framework as basis for future research." (Abstract) more

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Checklists for Racism-Critical Public Relations Work in the Field of Developmental Policy

Berlin: Berliner Entwicklungspolitischer Ratschlag (BER) (2021), 15 pp.

Social Media for Behaviour Change Toolkit (SM4BC) for Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean Key Guidance

Social Media for Behaviour Change Toolkit (SM4BC) for Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Risk Reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean
Key Guidance