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Slowing Transmission: Language Challenges in Community Radio Relay of COVID-19 Risk Communication in Afghanistan

Translators Without Borders (2021), 16 pp.

"In 2020 Internews launched the Rooted in Trust project to counter rumors and misinformation about COVID-19. They commissioned Translators without Borders (TWB) to map community radio stations and investigate the language and translation challenges community radio broadcasters face when relaying off ... icial COVID-19 risk communication to their audience. To better understand these challenges, TWB conducted a survey and interviews with 65 community radio broadcasters, representing a quarter of all community radio stations across Afghanistan. Based on our survey, we mapped community radio stations and the reach of each radio signal to estimate overall radio coverage across the country. Where possible, we triangulated our findings with data from Internews’ Information Ecosystem Assessment in Kabul, Kandahar, and Herat. Community radio stations remain an important source of information, especially for rural populations, less literate individuals, and in remote provinces. During public health emergencies, broadcasters can turn into health communicators and support the relay of risk communication, but they face several challenges. • Radio signals don’t cover all provinces: Based on the radio signals we were able to map, radio coverage doesn’t reach people equally across the country. Speakers of marginalized languages have especially limited access to radio broadcasts. Relative to population density, speakers of Turkmeni, Brahui, Balochi, and Uzbeki have especially limited access to radio broadcasts. • Few broadcasts are in languages other than Dari and Pashto: Dari and Pashto are the main broadcasting languages, but not everyone understands them. Broadcasts in other languages are largely limited to adverts, short audio clips, and sporadic language mixing in talk shows and call-in shows. Dedicated programs providing in-depth information in another language are rare. • Language barriers reduce the quality and timeliness of broadcasts: Community radio stations lack resources and translation capacity to broadcast in languages other than Dari or Pashto. As a result, some important information is delayed, and some is never broadcast at all. The quality and level of detail of broadcasts in other languages is also reduced. • Broadcasters face difficulties accessing available information: Most community radio stations have limited access to the internet and experience electricity failures. This makes accessing and validating available information on COVID 19 extremely difficult. Also, background information is often passed to broadcasters in English, but with limited internet access this information can’t readily be translated. • Information needs to be provided in plain language: Broadcasters don’t relay information that uses complicated language or technical and medical terms. New terms and complex new information around medical issues need to be rewritten and presented in plain language for a general audience. Yet community radio stations often can’t provide plain-language editing, so don’t relay more complex information." (Overview, page 1) more

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Transforming Gender Norms Through Communication: Minga Perú's Communicative Actions in the Amazon

Ami Sengupta, Arvind Singhal

In: Handbook of Communication and Development

Srinivas R. Melkote; Arvind Singhal (eds.)

Cheltenham; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing (2021), pp. 302-321

"We illustrate the principles and processes of gender transformative communication by presenting a case study of a long-running social change initiative spearheaded by Minga Perú, a community-based organization in the Peruvian Amazon. Applying a gender and power lens, we illustrate how communicatio ... more

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Post-Mortem: Russian and Chinese Covid-19 Information Operations

Edward Lucas, Ben Dubow, James Lamond, Jake Morris, Corina Rebegea, Vera Zakem

Washington, DC: Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) (2021), 72 pp.

"Russia recycled previous narratives and exacerbated tensions in Western society while attempting some propaganda about Russian scientific prowess. Russia’s approach evolved little; it recycled previous narratives, spreading a broad range of COVID-19 disinformation. Evidence supports the theory th ... more

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Social Media and COVID-19: A Global Study of Digital Crisis Interaction Among Gen Z and Millenials

Ingrid Volkmer

University of Melbourne (2021), viii, 67 pp.

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Internews COVID-19 Media Bulletin: Reporting on COVID-19 in South Sudan, Issue 10

Internews (2021), 10 pp.

"Internews in South Sudan has now been on the ground for 7 months, providing lifesaving information about the COVID-19 pandemic to at risk and affected populations, including to refugees, IDPs and those living in PoCs. With the publication of our 10th Lugara newsletter we would like to first say tha ... more

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Hygiene and Behaviour Change Coalition Project: Reach and Engagement Survey Afghanistan

London: BBC Media Action (2021), 4 pp.

"BBC Media Action is helping to reduce the transmission of the coronavirus in Afghanistan by using a media campaign to encourage uptake of preventive behaviours. Informed by research the project’s media outputs aim to help reduce the transmission of the coronavirus by encouraging take up of the fo ... more

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Media and the Coronavirus Pandemic in Africa (Part Two)

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 13, issue 3 (2021), pp. 305-490

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Disability Reporting in the Media

Internews (2021), 18 pp.

"In this manual, we discuss key disability issues, key messages and principles for journalists wanting to support the human rights of Africans with disabilities. The manual also deals with terminology - it is about using words and that puts the person rather than the disability first. Jounalists wil ... more

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How Media and Communication Are Helping to Tackle Malaria in Sierra Leone

Mariama Deen-Swarray, Karen O'Connor

London: BBC Media Action (2021), 11 pp.

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Reclaiming the Public Sphere in a Global Health Crisis

Hans-Jörg Trenz, Annett Heft, Michael Vaughan, Barbara Pfetsch (eds.)

Javnost: The Public, volume 28, issue 2 (2021), pp. 111-235

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Philanthropy-Funded Journalism: Implications for Media Independence and Editorial Credibility in South Africa

Dumisani Moyo

In: Re-Imagining Communication in Africa and the Caribbean: Global South Issues in Media, Culture and Technology

Hopeton S. Dunn; Dumisani Moyo; William O. Lesitaokana; Shanade Bianca Barnabas (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), pp. 193-216

"Over the past decade, philanthropic organisations have poured millions of dollars into different specialised forms of journalism in Africa. While these new specialised forms of journalism are aimed at addressing existing gaps in news reporting on the continent, there has been growing concern over t ... more

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Hör- und sehbeeinträchtigte Menschen: Nutzungsmotive und Erwartungen an die Medien. Ergebnisse einer Mehr-Methoden-Studie in Nordrhein-Westfalen

Erk Simon, Elena Koch

Media Perspektiven, issue 2 (2021), pp. 109-116

"Mittels einer Onlineumfrage und Publikumsgesprächen wurde bei seh- und hörbeeinträchtigten Personen ermittelt, welche Medienangebote sie nutzen und wie sie diese beurteilen. Die barrierefreien Angebote im öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk werden grundsätzlich sehr geschätzt. Es wird aber auch V ... more

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Revisiting COVID-19 Communication in Western Africa: A Health Literacy-Based Approach to Health Communication

Bernard Seytre, Cristano Barros, Philip Bona, Babacar Fall, Blahima Konate et al.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, volume 105, issue 3 (2021), pp. 708-712

"Adherence to protectiv emeasures is a major component of COVID-19 epidemic control. COVID-19 health literacy is a major driver of this adherence, and the evaluation of health literacy levels is the basis for designing an effective communication strategy. We conducted a quantitative socio-anthropolo ... more

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Myths and Misconceptions on Covid-19: ‘Congo Check’ and ‘Talato’ Verification Experiences

Fabíola Ortiz dos Santos

Frontiers in Communication, volume 6, issue 627214 (2021), 21 pp.

"This paper asks: How do fact-checkers combat/halt Covid-19 myths and misconceptions in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic? How do they engage in social media networks toward sense-giving and sharing corrective information? It discusses two cases of online media projec ... more

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Health and Safety Risks to Journalists During Pandemics

Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah, Faizullah Jan, Muhammad Ittefaq

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 90-103

"Journalists play a critical role in the dissemination of health information to the public. This chapter explores the challenges created by COVID-19 for journalists in Pakistan. It also examines how the pandemic has shed light on the disparities and safety risks in the Pakistani journalism and expos ... more

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Sourcing Pandemic News: A Cross-National Computational Analysis of Mainstream Media Coverage of COVID-19 on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram

Claudia Mellado, Daniel C. Hallin, Luis Cárcamo, Rodrigo Alfaro, Daniel Jackson, María Luisa Humanes et al.

Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1261-1285

"This article explores the uses of sources in coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic in social media posts of mainstream news organizations in Brazil, Chile, Germany, Mexico, Spain, the U.K., and the U.S. Based on computational content analysis, our study analyzes the sources and actors present in more t ... more

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Social Media Effectiveness as a Humanitarian Response to Mitigate Influenza Epidemic and COVID-19 Pandemic

Kumar, Sameer, Chong Xu, Nidhi Ghildayal, Charu Chandra, Muer Yang

Annals of Operations Research, volume 319 (2021), pp. 823–851

"Influenza and COVID-19 are infectious diseases with significant burdens. Information and awareness on preventative techniques can be spread through the use of social media, which has become an increasingly utilized tool in recent years. This study developed a dynamic transmission model to investiga ... more

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COVID-19 Foreign Influence Campaigns: Europe and the Global Battle of Narratives

Naja Bentzen

Brussels: European Parliament (2020), 8 pp.

"The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initially concealed information about the spread of the virus. Research suggests that they thereby delayed measures to alleviate the spread of the disease. At the same time, the CCP launched far-reaching efforts to silence domestic criticism. The CCP's efforts to r ... more

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Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation

J. Scott Brennen, Felix M. Simon, Philip N. Howard, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 13 pp.

"In this RISJ factsheet we identify some of the main types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation seen so far. We analyse a sample of 225 pieces of misinformation rated false or misleading by factcheckers and published in English between January and the end of March 2020, drawn from a colle ... more

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Human-Centred Design in Humanitarian Settings: Methodologies for Inclusivity
Key Guidance

London: GSMA (2020), 40 pp.

"To ensure that mobile solutions are designed inclusively in humanitarian contexts, it is important that target users are involved as co-creators of the future they want. A human-centred design approach is one way to ensure that users’ perspectives are fully integrated into programme design. This ... more

Human-Centred Design in Humanitarian Settings: Methodologies for Inclusivity Key Guidance

Human-Centred Design in Humanitarian Settings: Methodologies for Inclusivity
Key Guidance