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A scoping review of digital health interventions for combating COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation

Katarzyna Czerniak, Raji Pillai, Abhi Parmar, Abhi, Kavita Ramnath, Joseph Krocker, Sahiti Myneni

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, volume 30, issue 4 (2023), pp. 752-760

"We provide a scoping review of Digital Health Interventions (DHIs) that mitigate COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation seeding and spread. Materials and Methods: We applied our search protocol to PubMed, PsychINFO, and Web of Science to screen 1666 articles. The 17 articles included in this pa ... more

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COVID-19 and the Constructions of Africa in African News Media

Mphathisi Ndlovu, Maame Nikabs

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 15, issue 2 (2023), pp. 179-198

"This article examines the constructions of Africa in COVID-19-related stories that were produced by African news media. Dominant scholarship indicates that western media generally reproduce and perpetuate harmful stereotypes on Africa. Given that there is scant literature on how African media cover ... more

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Conspiracy theories in the time of COVID-19

Clare Birchall, Peter Knight

London; New York: Routledge (2023), x, 237 pp.

"Conspiracy Theories in the Time of Covid-19 provides a wide-ranging analysis of the emergence and development of conspiracy theories during the Covid-19 pandemic, with a focus on the US and the UK. The book combines digital methods analysis of large datasets assembled from social media with politic ... more

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A Retrospect on Young People and COVID-19 Discourse on TikTok

Crystal Abidin, Naomi Robinson

TikTok Cultures Research Network (TCRN); Curtin University, Centre for Culture and Technology (CCAT) (2023), 55 pp.

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Who Are the Plotters Behind the Pandemic? Comparing Covid-19 Conspiracy Theories in Google Search Results Across Five Key Target Countries of Russia’s Foreign Communication

Florian Toepfl, Daria Kravets, Anna Ryzhova, Arista Beseler

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 10 (2023), pp. 2033-2051

"This article advances extant research that has audited search algorithms for misinformation in four respects. Firstly, this is the first misinformation audit not to implement a national but a cross-national research design. Secondly, it retrieves results not in response to the most popular query te ... more

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‘Repackaging the emptiness’: How Russian regional journalism adapts to the COVID-19 pandemic

Elina Erzikova, Wilson Lowrey

Newspaper Research Journal, volume 44, issue 1 (2023), pp. 92-110

"The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the role news organizations play in disseminating information and shaping public response to the crisis. This study adopts an ecological approach in examining Russian regional journalists’ adaptations to the pandemic. Based on in-depth interviews, the study f ... more

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Public Health Literacy and Community Media in Europe

Birgitte Jallov, Helmut Peissl

European Excellence Exchange in Journalism (E3J); Community Media Forum Europe (CMFE); COMMIT (2023), 149 pp.

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Exploring the Role of Message Effects and Messenger Effectiveness in COVID-19 Vaccination Communication in Nigeria: Research Report

San Diego: Agency for All Project; University of California San Diego, Center on Gender Equity and Health; USAID (2023), 57 pp.

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The effect of communication and disinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cécile Jacob, Pierre Hausemer, Adam Zagoni-Bogsch, Audra Diers-Lawson

European Parliament (2023), 78 pp.

"This study analyses how governments, public health experts and other professionals communicated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of these communication strategies. It investigates COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation practices, and how these practices were addressed in the Europea ... more

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Exploring the Contextual Factors of Religious Leader Participation in Health Communication: Evidence from a Qualitative Study in Sierra Leone

Hanna Luetke Lanfer, Constanze Rossmann, Sorie Ibrahim Kargbo

Journal of Religion and Health, volume 62 (2023), pp. 1695-1715

"As there are many and sometimes ambivalent intersections of health and religion, strategic collaborations with religious opinion leaders in health campaigns have been increasingly explored. Despite the known influence of distinct contextual factors within emergency and non-emergency settings, exist ... more

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Co-Designing a Mobile-Based Game to Improve Misinformation Resistance and Vaccine Knowledge in Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda

Kathryn L. Hopkins, Chelsey Lepage, Wendy Cook et al.

Journal of Health Communication, volume 28, issue suppl. 2 (2023), pp. 49-60

"Misinformation can decrease public confidence in vaccines, and reduce vaccination intent and uptake. One strategy for countering these negative impacts comes from inoculation theory. Similar to biological vaccination, inoculation theory posits that exposure to a weakened form of misinformation can ... more

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Effect of Short, Animated Video Storytelling on Maternal Knowledge and Satisfaction in the Perinatal Period in South Africa: Randomized Controlled Trial

Maya Adam, Zwannda Kwinda, Mithilesh Dronavalli et al.

Journal of Medical Internet Research, volume 25, issue e47266 (2023), 13 pp.

"Innovative mobile health (mHealth) interventions can improve maternal knowledge, thereby supporting national efforts to reduce preventable maternal and child mortality in South Africa. Studies have documented a potential role for mobile video content to support perinatal health messaging, enhance m ... aternal satisfaction, and overcome literacy barriers. Short, animated storytelling (SAS) is an innovative, emerging approach to mHealth messaging. Objective: We aimed to measure the effect of SAS videos on maternal knowledge and user satisfaction for mothers enrolled in antenatal care programs at 2 public health facilities in the Tshwane District of South Africa. Methods: We used a randomized controlled trial with a nested evaluation of user satisfaction. Participants were randomized 1:1 into Standard-of-Care (SOC) Control, and SAS Intervention groups. The intervention videos were delivered through WhatsApp, and 1 month later, participants responded to telephone surveys assessing their knowledge. The intervention group then participated in a nested evaluation of user satisfaction [...] Conclusions: While the SAS videos resulted in high user satisfaction, measured knowledge gains were small within a participant population that was already receiving perinatal health messages through antenatal clinics. The higher knowledge scores observed in older participants with higher education levels suggest that boosting maternal knowledge in younger mothers with lower education levels should continue to be a public health priority in South Africa. Given the high maternal satisfaction among the SAS video-users in this study, policy makers should consider integrating similar approaches into existing, broad-reaching perinatal health programs, such as MomConnect, to boost satisfaction and potentially enhance maternal engagement. While previous studies have shown the promise of animated video health education, most of this research has been conducted in high-income countries. More research in underresourced settings is urgently needed, especially as access to mobile technology increases in the Global South. Future studies should explore the effect of SAS videos on maternal knowledge in hard-to-reach populations with limited access to antenatal care, although real-world logistical challenges persist when implementing studies in underresourced South African populations." (Abstract) more

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Digital Media for Behavior Change: Review of an Emerging Field of Study

William Douglas Evans, Lorien C. Abroms, David Broniatowski, Melissa A. Napolitano, Jeanie Arnold

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 19, issue 9129 (2022), 14 pp.

"The purpose of the current paper is to provide an overview and describe methods in this emerging field, present use cases, describe a future agenda, and raise central questions to be addressed in future digital health research for behavior change. Digital media for behavior change employs three mai ... more

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Social and Behaviour Change Strategy. Volume I: Policy & Strategic Approach

Adrita Bagchi

New Delhi: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2022), 127 pp.

"The Government of Madhya Pradesh is committed to ensure the overall development of all its residents, especially women and children. The Department of Women and Child Development (DWCD) works to sustainably improve health and nutrition outcomes for women of reproductive age and children below 6 yea ... rs, enable holistic development and protection of children and ensure safety, equity and empowerment of women. The department implements the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme for improving maternal and infant nutrition and health. It also implements the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) and various other schemes and programmes for health, gender equality and women empowerment. Over the years, a lot of progress has been made. However, there are still a few indicators that are not doing well as expected. Census 2011, National Family Health Survey – 4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21) have found that low sex ratio, lack of women empowerment, experiencing gender-based violence, substance abuse, low female literacy, child marriage and small landholdings are some of the determinants of poor health and empowerment of women and children. Individual and community behaviours, attitudes, social norms and practices are some of the reasons for such indicators. To bring about an improvement in these indicators and positively transform the status of women and children in Madhya Pradesh, a comprehensive state-specific social and behaviour change (SBC) strategy has been developed for DWCD. This strategy is supported by the recommendations provided in the department’s other policies. The state’s Nutrition Policy (2020-30) emphasizes on the importance of designing SBCC plans in local dialects for its acceptability and greater involvement of the community. The centre’s Poshan Abhiyan which DWCD follows stresses on community mobilisation and behaviour change, highlighting the need to take-up sustained efforts requiring multi-pronged approach and bring grass-root synergy and convergence. The state’s Child Protection Policy (2020) also highlights the need to build awareness and stakeholder capacities to strengthen implementation and the enabling environment to ensure child well-being and protection. This document details the SBC strategy which includes thematic area-wise priority and desired behaviours that should be practised by the target groups for improved indicators, barriers and enablers to its adoption, key messages to be communicated and strategic approach and interventions that will facilitate positive change." (Introduction) more

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Health Crises and Media Discourses in Sub-Saharan Africa

Carol Azungi Dralega, Angella Napakol (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2022), 283 pp.

"The chapters here explore the impact, especially of Covid-19, on the media while unpacking the complexities, intersections and dynamics surrounding technological, political and economic developments and trends. Similarly, media discourses on journalism practice, audience narratives and news discour ... more

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Turning Social Listening Data Into Action: Barriers and Recommendations Observed Through a COVID-19 Rumor Response

Alejandro Posada, Rocio Lopez Iñigo, Jamie Sport

Internews (2022), 23 pp.

"[...] seven key informant interviews were conducted with humanitarian organizations that have been at the forefront of social listening projects throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Although we anchored the research in the COVID-19 response, our findings suggest that the uses and impacts of social lis ... tening are applicable across all elements of humanitarian response besides COVID-19 and even beyond health. The paper is structured around three components: (1) the differences between what organizations are hoping for (expected results) and what they have observed so far (observed results) in relation to the impacts of social listening, (2) the major barriers affecting the utilization of findings derived from social listening, (3) a preliminary brainstorm around recommendations that could mitigate the effects ofthe barriers identified and contribute to a realization of the expected results. Interviewees expressed expectations for long-term and structural benefits from the ongoing use of social listening findings. The most common expected results include contributions to improved infodemic management that is receptive to community concerns, stronger community engagement, more responsive programming and policy design, and more collaboration between humanitarian and health actors. Our findings suggest that, although some of these structural promises have not yet been realized, significant foundations have been laid. Organizations have observed that social listening findings are already contributing to improvements in RCCE, internal adaptations of program design, growth and acceptance of social listening throughout organizations, and a growing influence on public health policy. Despite these important results, there are still major challenges preventing the realization of social listening as a transformational tool for humanitarian response. Thirteen major barriers were identified, which exist at every stage of the traditional social listening project workflow. For data collection and analysis, the study found that the qualitative nature of the data, the predominance of a social media-only listening approach without an offline component, a reliance on traditional engagement statistics, limited qualified human resources, and issues around collaboration all hamper the effective use of social listening findings." (Conclusion) more

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Infodemics and Health Misinformation: A Systematic Review of Reviews

Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento, Ana Beatriz Pizarro, Jussara M. Almeida, Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat, Marcos André Gonçalves, Maria Björklunde, David Novillo-Ortiz

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, volume 100, issue 9 (2022), pp. 544-561

"Our search identified 31 systematic reviews, of which 17 were published. The proportion of health-related misinformation on social media ranged from 0.2% to 28.8%. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are critical in disseminating the rapid and far-reaching information. The most negative conseq ... more

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The Use of Imagery in Global Health: An Analysis of Infectious Disease Documents and a Framework to Guide Practice

Esmita Charani, Sameed Shariq, Alexandra M. Cardoso Pinto, Raabia Farooqi, Winnie Nambatya et al.

Lancet Global Health, volume 11 (2022), pp. 155-164

"This work has highlighted the biased approaches in the use of imagery by those who hold power in global health. It is crucial to engage with these issues and to identify how we can work to treat individuals featured in global health imagery equitably, regardless of their circumstances, geography, r ... more

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Overcome the Fear (Vencer El Miedo): Using Entertainment Education to Impact Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Parent-Child Communication in Mexico

Jorge A. Montoya, Aaron Plant, Deborah Neffa-Creech, Cecilia Orvañanos, Kriss Barker

BMC Public Health, volume 22, issue 2366 (2022), 12 pp.

"Adolescents in Mexico experience high pregnancy and birth rates. A collaboration with Grupo Televisa led to the development of an entertainment-education telenovela intervention, Overcome the Fear (OTF), which aired in 2020 to a national audience and addressed adolescent sexual and reproductive hea ... more

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A Review of Food and Nutrition Communication and Promotion in Ghana

Phyllis Parbey, R. Aryeetey

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, volume 22, issue 2 (2022), pp. 19602-19623

"As part of the process to develop food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for Ghana, this rapid evidence review examined the nature, extent, sources, and medium of food and nutrition information dissemination and promotion in Ghana. PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Open Access Theses Dissertatio ... more