"This study examines the potential of puppets in the educational context. The study offers a literature review on the benefits and possibilities of the puppet as a pedagogical tool. The literature was searched using primarily an international e-material search of UEF FINNA. Additional articles were
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retrieved from Google Scholar and from the reference lists of selected papers. Articles were chosen and included according to specific selection criteria. Fifteen papers met the criteria and are included in the review. The review reveals five potential uses for puppets in education. These potential uses include: (1) generating communication, (2) supporting a positive classroom climate, (3) enhancing creativity, (4) fostering co-operation in and integration into a group, and (5) changing attitudes." (Abstract)
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"What happens at the nexus of the digital divide and human trafficking? This book examines the impact of the introduction of new digital information and communication technology (ICT) – as well as lack of access to digital connectivity – on human trafficking. The different studies presented in t
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he chapters show the realities for people moving along the Central Mediterranean route from the Horn of Africa through Libya to Europe. The authors warn against an over-optimistic view of innovation as a solution and highlight the relationship between technology and the crimes committed against vulnerable people in search of protection. In this volume, the third in a four-part series ‘Connected and Mobile: Migration and Human Trafficking in Africa’, relevant new theories are proposed as tools to understand the dynamics that appear in mobile Africa. Most importantly, the editors identify critical ethical issues in relation to both technology and human trafficking and the nexus between them, helping explore the dimensions of new responsibilities that need to be defined. The chapters in this book represent a collection of well-documented empirical investigations by a young and diverse group of researchers, addressing critical issues in relation to innovation and the perils of our time." (Publisher description)
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"[...] La Convención Internacional de los Derechos de las personas con Discapacidad es recepcionada por Argentina, Uruguay y Chile y debe ser considerada elemento transversal, junto a las regulaciones nacionales y los estándares del Consorcio World Wide Web (W3C), en el dictado de normas y el dise
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ño de las políticas públicas referidas al entorno digital. Los Estados, en sus distintos estamentos, deben responsabilizarse y comprometerse, destinando recursos a fin de fortalecer áreas existentes o generar nuevos sectores para desarrollar políticas activas promoviendo la accesibilidad Web. Ningún texto legal es, por sí solo, suficiente para transformar la realidad social, generar justicia social e inclusión. Los Estados deben elaborar y proporcionar datos estadísticos referidos al área de discapacidad, en particular en materia de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Los Estados deben definir y comunicar los entes auditores a cargo de los mecanismos de monitoreo y supervisión de la legislación vigente y las políticas públicas en la materia." (Resumen ejecutivo)
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"The SRP was piloted in Tanzania following the model of the Sara Communication Initiative (SCI). The main objective of SRP was to improve skills among school children, especially girls, on negotiation, communication skills and positive social behaviour. Activities to foster and support engagement of
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the key target audiences through Sara Radio Programme (SRP) are being piloted in Iringa DC since 2016, with the aim of identifying elements that can be scaled up nationally. Two radio stations are carrying out the broadcast twice a week during school-term; Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation (TBC), which has national coverage and Ebony FM, with coverage that is limited to Mbeya, Iringa and Njombe regions (MIN). The SRP included developing, pre-recording and broadcasting 100 episodes. The radio drama series featured a young girl, Sara and her friends. The SRP was crafted in a way to be fun as well as engaging pupils - girls and boys, teachers and parents in discussions around key messages. Primary standard four to seven school children (10 - 14-year olds) are the main target audience for the programme. Teachers and parents were key secondary audiences that got information through direct listening and messages from children. The programme addressed social norms to promote school girls’ retention and completion. In addition, the SRP aimed at imparting a change in knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health, early marriage, early pregnancy, social inclusion and protection. The long-term objective of the programme is to empower girls to decide and control what happens to them, to be safe, and to pursue what they want in life.
[.] Findings on SRP thematic components
SRP Information: Almost all the children (93.5%, N=339) interviewed in Iringa DC confirmed that they were aware of the SRP implemented in their schools. The high percentage of awareness of the SRP by the children can be attributed to the frequency of attendance for listening to the episodes. The majority of children mentioned that Sara radio episodes were broadcasted twice a week, on Tuesday and Thursday between 1530hrs to 1600hrs.
HIV/AIDS: Children were asked whether they have heard of HIV/AIDS and majority 95.9% had heard of HIV/AIDS while a mere 3.9% had not. Regarding source of information on HIV/AIDS, the majority of children (87.0%) mentioned schools/teachers as their main source, followed by parents/guardians/family (33.0%) while radios contributed 17%. On spreading of HIV virus, the majority of children (87.0%) confirmed that unsafe sex increases chances of acquiring HIV virus, against 10.7% who did not. There was a small percentage difference between boys (88.0%) and girls (85.8%) who confirmed the risks of unsafe sex on acquiring the HIV virus. [.]" (Executive summary, p. viii-ix)
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"As the Global Compact for for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) states in its guiding principles, "we also must provide all our citizens with access to objective, evidence-based, clear information about the benefits and challenges of migration, with a view to dispelling misleading narrative
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s that generate negative perceptions of migrants." This highlights the need for the international community to work towards distilling evidencebased and objective information on migration and migrants. In view thereof, the GFMD 2019 Chair Ecuador, in partnership with the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco, convened the GFMD Thematic Workshop entitled “Narratives on Migration: Toward an evidence-based Communication” on 4-5 July, in Rabat, Morocco. The aim of this workshop was to initiate an open discussion, allowing a variety of stakeholders (governments, civil society, private sector, academia, media, etc.) to analyze in depth the mechanisms that shape public perceptions of migration issues. Additionally, the workshop focused on the issue of data, and its collection and analysis, in order to present the public with objective, clear and evidence-based public discourses, reflective of the reality on the ground. The workshop convened around 150 local and international participants representing UN Member States, civil society, the private sector and international organizations." (Introduction)
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"The online e-Media Toolkit provides first-hand assistance to media professionals with learning resources, training courses, and opportunities to share and interact in three sections: 1. Learning: allows users to take courses in which journalists or editors of leading media outlets share their real-
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life newsroom dilemmas of reporting on migration; 2. Training: provides material for media trainers to design their own courses; 3. Sharing ethical journalism principles: allows users to interact with other users through forum discussions on fundamental rights and users can also propose new courses or download the news examples for further discussion among peers." (EJN homepage)
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"In exploring virtual mourning practices and their implications for death consumption in general, new questions in the field of consumer research emerge. It is hoped that once we gain some understanding of how online mourning practices illuminate notions of ‘materiality’ and/or ‘embodiment’
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in the context of death and dying, we can begin to delineate what is actually new about this phenomenon and what the differences are between online and pre-digital behaviours in the context of the consumption of death. On this basis, then, we can then proceed to ask how consumers’ behaviours of digital death consumption are likely to change in the future. In the rest of this chapter, I explore key insights into the consumption of death in consumer society today, drawing connections between notions of materiality in physical worlds as well as virtual worlds. I draw upon a number of key disciplines for their insights into these issues: sociology (for theories of the desire to perpetuate the tension between ephemeral pleasures and the finality of death); philosophy and anthropology (for an understanding of how we frame embodiment and imagine ‘materiality’ through the performance of mourning rituals) and computer science (for conceptualizations of interactions on virtual worlds)." (Page 397)
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"This evaluation covers two independent projects implemented by BBC Media Action in Zambia. Tikambe provides information to young people about sexual reproductive health and rights and youth-friendly services via different platforms. Radio Waves supports independent media as a platform for dialogue
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and accountability. The evaluation concludes that the projects are relevant and achieved important results. In the future, the projects would benefit from strengthening their participatory approach in project design, sustainability considerations in the organisational capacity development of media actors, vulnerability profile and outreach (Tikambe) and budget design transparency (Radio Waves)." (Back cover)
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"Entertainment education (“edutainment”) is a communication strategy that works through mass entertainment media with the aim of promoting a better context for behavior change than the delivery of information alone. We experimentally evaluate season 3 of the edutainment TV series MTV Shuga, prod
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uced by MTV Staying Alive Foundation and filmed in Nigeria. Shuga 3 consists of eight episodes of 22 minutes each. While the main focus of the series is HIV, a subplot involves a married couple with a violent husband. In this paper we focus on this theme and assess the impact of Shuga on attitudes toward domestic violence. We find broadly positive effects. Moreover, the effect seems to be concentrated among people who recall the show and the narrative around the characters well, consistent with the idea of edutainment. We contribute to the nonexperimental literature on the impact of commercial TV on gender outcomes (e.g., Chong and La Ferrara 2009; Jensen and Oster 2009; La Ferrara, Chong, and Duryea 2012; Kearney and Levine 2015) and to recent experimental work that uses edutainment for public policy (e.g., Banerjee, Barnhardt, and Duflo 2015; Ravallion et al. 2015; Berg and Zia 2017). We differ from the latter in focusing on changing norms toward gender based violence."
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"While global youth is often referred to as a fairly homogeneous generation of digital natives, data drawn from a survey in Jordan, Moldova, and Uganda suggests that this is not the case. Based on an instrument for measuring digital and news literacy, this paper presents a typology of five personae:
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The MIL Novice, the MIL Intermediate, the MIL Veteran, the Digital Literacy Veteran and the News Literacy Veteran. The descriptions of these five types of media users can be employed as prototypes when developing Media and Information Literacy (MIL) programs and materials for 15 to 35-year-olds." (Executive summary)
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"This article focuses on the Wiwa community in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. This community has been reviving its traditional music as part of an effort to reconstruct its social network. Moreover, its members have recently embraced visual arts as a versatile medium in the context of t
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he armed conflict. The local community of Siminke has started using visual tools not only to explicitly address their social and political issues on a regional level, but also to develop a new cultural space for self-expression and social (re)construction. Video and photography are being used here to preserve a cultural knowledge traditionally transmitted from generation to generation, a process disrupted by the armed conflict in the region. Methodology encompasses communicative methods such as interviews, visual analysis and photo-elicitation in order to understand and highlight the community’s internal perspective on the use of visual arts to reinforce their agency in pursuit of political goals." (Abstract)
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"Most of Iran’s urban population experienced the war with Iraq (1980–1988) through the burden of privation and the fear of possible airstrikes. Thus, state-produced media on national television became the main apparatus through which they connected their daily lives to the national conflict. Rav
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ayat-e Fath [The Narrative of Triumph] was one docudrama, comprised of five seasons that the state produced at different intervals between 1984 and 1987. Although Ravayat-e Fath has been presented and received as a journalistic work, it enters the realm of fiction to fulfill its objective: To recruit soldiers. Through a collage of mythical stories, epic narratives, dramatic cinematography, mourning songs accompanied by reports from war fronts, and live interviews with soldiers, the series tells a story of a promised triumph through martyrdom. Through studying Ravayat-e Fath, the most important state-supported television production of the Iran-Iraq war era, this article investigates the ways in which war propaganda in general, and the concept of martyrdom in particular, generated tools like shaming to control the population during and after the war." (Abstract)
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"Children with disabilities often experience exclusion within their communities, and this exclusion can extend into research processes. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, however, emphasizes that children of all abilities need to be involved as decision makers in matters affec
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ting them. This article provides an in-depth description of the process of a participatory action research project carried out with children with disabilities from a rural village in India. It argues for the utility of participatory filmmaking as a research methodology that supports inclusion of children with disabilities as co-researchers in research and action processes. The different phases of the research project, namely the preparatory, participatory research, and the action phase, are made transparent along with the details of activities carried out within each phase. The technical and pragmatic challenges faced within this participatory filmmaking process are pointed out, and strategies used to negotiate challenges and adapt this methodology to fit context-specific needs are shared. This account of the complex, yet flexible and adaptable, participatory filmmaking process is presented as means to support critical and informed uptakes of participatory filmmaking for inclusive research practices with children with disabilities." (Abstract)
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"Esta guía no tiene por objetivo relatar los hechos de la historia, sino abordar distintos aspectos de utilidad para la cobertura periodística. Los diversos aspectos de la comunicación pueden resultar inabarcables, es por eso que esta guía no pretende ser exhaustiva pero sí señalar algunas cue
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stiones fundamentales que, desde nuestra perspectiva, deben ser tenidas en cuenta a la hora de realizar la tarea periodística. Asimismo, para ampliar y profundizar los temas recomendamos bibliografía en cada uno de los capítulos." (Comentarios preliminares)
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"This report analyses the Chin media sector. It is based on research conducted by MDIF from late 2018 through December 2019, as well as a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted by Myanmar Survey Research (MSR) in May 2019. The report provides data on the Chin media operations themselves, as w
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ell as the news and information needs and preferences of their actual and potential audiences in Chin State and Sagaing Region [...] What we have found is that, in many respects, Chin media face very similar problems to their counterparts elsewhere in Myanmar. They have often been set up by individuals who are deeply committed to serving the information needs of their communities, and they are often an important source of information for their audiences. We also have found that Chin media are dealing with challenges managing the digital transition that are similar to both their national and local media counterparts, and that more than half of them are also simultaneously continuing to produce print publications that remain a valuable news source for local communities. And, like local media all over the country, MDIF’s research has confirmed that Chin media are facing a major struggle to survive financially, often having to rely on local donors and personal savings as well as more traditional revenue sources such as advertising and print copy sales." (Introduction)
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"Mobile phone surveys are increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The main modes include computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), interactive voice response (IVR), and short message service (SMS, or text messaging). But there is surprisingly little research to guide resea
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rchers in selecting the optimal mode for a particular survey. To address this gap, this study compares cross-sectional CATI, IVR, SMS, and face-to-face (FTF) surveys of the general population in Nigeria. We ask four research questions: (1) What are production and response rates to CATI, IVR, SMS, and FTF surveys? (2) How representative (age, gender, education, marital status, literacy, household assets, urbanicity) are CATI, IVR, and SMS respondents relative to FTF respondents? (3) Can IVR and SMS provide an unbiased estimate of voting behavior? If there is bias, to what extent can weights reduce bias? (4) How does the cost and time differ across mobile phone survey modes? We find that FTF had the highest response rate (99%), followed by CATI (15%), IVR (3%) and SMS (0.2%). All mobile phone modes had substantial deficiencies with representativeness: mobile phones underrepresented women, older people, the less educated, and people in rural areas. There were differences in representativeness among mobile phone modes, but differences were relatively small and inconsistent. Both SMS and IVR produced biased estimates of voting relative to official statistics—but SMS was less biased than IVR. Weighting SMS and IVR data for demographic characteristics did not reduce bias. With regard to cost, we find that CATI is the most expensive mobile phone survey mode. For a survey of 3,000 completes, IVR is 43% the cost of CATI, and SMS is 24% the cost of CATI. SMS is significantly less expensive than IVR. We discuss the implications of these results for research and practice." (Abstract)
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