"Personalized recommendations in search engines, social media and also in more traditional media increasingly raise concerns over potentially negative consequences for diversity and the quality of public discourse. The algorithmic filtering and adaption of online content to personal preferences and
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interests is often associated with a decrease in the diversity of information to which users are exposed. Notwithstanding the question of whether these claims are correct or not, this article discusses whether and how recommendations can also be designed to stimulate more diverse exposure to information and to break potential ‘filter bubbles’ rather than create them. Combining insights from democratic theory, computer science and law, the article makes suggestions for design principles and explores the potential and possible limits of ‘diversity sensitive design’." (Abstract)
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"Feminization of migration has emerged as a common livelihood strategy to alleviate poverty and escape difficult socioeconomic, cultural, and familial situations. Mobile phones have become the most crucial and pervasive communication device that enables migrants to be simultaneously mobile and conne
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cted, anytime and anywhere. Is the mobile phone empowering or disempowering as a new form of social control? Based on a longterm ethnographic research on global nannies in Paris, this study presents a case for the importance of the detailed investigation of everyday contexts and power relations to better understand the complexities of mobile phone use in work life. This study will argue that, far from an instrument of empowerment, the mobile phone can work to reinforce already existing power relations and mundane social structures, leading to more unequal and enslaving relationships in work life." (Abstract)
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"The toolkit explores how digital instruments can be employed to meet the sector- and region-specific needs of those planning, managing and implementing DC/IC measures. It provides political decision-makers and DC/IC implementers with information on the kinds of digital applications that are relevan
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t for their work and on the value they can add to DC/IC projects. The toolkit constitutes a guide for analysing digital options and backs up advice with examples from different regions and sectors. Specifically, you can find the following topics in this toolkit: 1) Inspiring projects: Case studies from German DC/IC and the international context illustrate the diverse ways in which digital solutions can be applied. 2) Management of ICT projects: Here, you are offered guidance that supports the strategic planning and implementation of digital measures. 3) Methods, tools and approaches: Guidelines on the deployment of digital solutions in specific contexts and scenarios are presented. 4) Glossary: Key terms related to the digital transformation are defined, vividly explained and transferred to the DC/IC context." (Introduction)
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"Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on the net. The Council of Europe works with governments, the private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Inte
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rnet as a safe and open environment where freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, diversity, culture and education can flourish. In line with its overall mission, the ultimate aim of its Internet-related action is to protect and promote human rights, democracy and the rule of law." (Page 2)
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"The survey indicates that radio remains the most widely accessed broadcast platform in Sierra Leone. In all, eight out of 10 (81%) Sierra Leoneans have access to radio, and 47% listen to it daily. Radio listenership is fractured, however, with no single station able to reach a national audience. Ar
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ound 50 radio stations are currently broadcasting, with many of these having limited, local broadcast reach. This is reflected in patterns of listenership, with different stations popular in different parts of the country. Overall in the country, no station reaches more than one-third of adult Sierra Leoneans. Reaching a national audience through radio, therefore, requires working with a large number of broadcast partners. In contrast to radio access, just under half of Sierra Leoneans (45%) can access TV or DVD content and 13% can access newspapers. Access to mobile phones is high, now achieving a similar reach to radio: 83% of people report having access to a mobile phone. There is significant potential for leveraging this reach and the opportunity offered by 2G and 3G mobile phone platforms as a means of distributing media content to audiences. More than half of mobile phone owners (52%) have a basic feature phone."
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"Compromised Connections is a brief introduction to emerging security issues facing mobile phones in development. It recommends safety measures that can be quickly adopted – from device safety to data security – and points to resources that may be useful for people interested in following future
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developments. Ultimately, it advocates a "mobile first” approach: adoption of an information management strategy that prioritizes the safety of mobile devices and their users." (Internews website)
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"I have found that Saudi Arabia and Jordan rely on counterterrorism and cybercrime regulations to prosecute online activism. Egypt uses a new anti-protest law passed in 2014 and Tunisia, in contrast, relies on old defamation and anti-drug laws that have been used for decades prior to the revolution.
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In all four countries, the prosecution and imprisonment of Internet users for expressing themselves effectively chills critical speech and cripples civil discourse–all the while neglecting to create any long-term and comprehensive solution to the threat of terrorist movements." (Executive summary)
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"Thematically organized around three of the most pressing ethical issues of the digital age (shifting of professional norms, moderating offensive content, and privacy), this volume offers a window into some of the hot-button ethical issues facing a society where digital has become the new normal. St
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raddling an applied ethical and theoretical approach, the research represented not only reflects on how our ethical frameworks have been changed and challenged by digital technology, but also provides a roadmap to navigate the ethical dilemmas of the digital age. With contributions from established experts and up-and-coming scholars alike, this book cuts across disciplines and will appeal to communication scholars, philosophers, and anyone with an interest in ethics and technology." (Back cover)
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"Circumvention tools designed to bypass online censorship such as simple web proxies, virtual private network service, and so on are frequently used in countries whose governments impose heavy Internet censorship. Around 18 million Internet users in China are currently using those tools to bypass th
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e Great Firewall and access unblocked online content. In a pioneering empirical investigation of unblocked information seeking in China's censored online environment, the present study systematically examines a wide range of macro-social and micro-individual factors which affect the use of circumvention tools to bypass Internet censorship under the guidance of the interactive communication technology adoption model. The results reveal that, with the exception of social trust, macro-social factors have only a modest influence on the use of circumvention tools. In contrast, micro-individual-level variables-including perceived technology fluidity, gratifications, and selected demographic variables-play a much larger role in our multivariate model. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed." (Abstract)
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"While a decade ago much of the discussion of new media in Asia was couched in Occidental notions of Asia as a "default setting" for technology in the future, today we are seeing a much more complex picture of contesting new media practices and production. As "new media" becomes increasingly an ever
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yday reality for young and old across Asia through smartphones and associated devices, boundaries between art, new media, and the everyday are transformed. This Handbook addresses the historical, social, cultural, political, philosophical, artistic and economic dimensions of the region's new media. Through an interdisciplinary revision of both "new media" and "Asia" the contributors provide new insights into the complex and contesting terrains of both notions." (Publisher description)
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"This article discusses how the use of social media fosters, motivates, and regulates social relations among the Arawakan- and Panoan- speaking indigenous groups in the state of Acre and the southern part of the state of Amazonas, Brazil, where even the smallest towns have recently received highspee
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d internet connections. The research this article is based on analyzed what motivates indigenous social media users in Amazonian Brazil. I have gathered ethnographic data over a number of fieldwork trips since 2003 and followed indigenous Facebook users since 2009. The article shows how social networking sites have become a powerful tool for (re)producing relationships and social economies. It looks at what social networking sites offer for indigenous people and how they impact and alter their social relationships. The findings suggest that social networking sites are generating new reflections on Amazonian indigenous traditions and knowledge, and changing the way indigenous Amazonians relate to others." (Abstract)
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"This series aims to help human rights defenders develop the tools, skills and knowledge they need to engage effectively in cyber policy debates. The series is structured around five modules. The first four each focus on a different aspect of cyber policy - human rights, cybersecurity, regulatory fr
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ameworks and cyber capacity building - with a final regional module highlighting how these apply in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Each module consists of several videos, which take participants through a key cyber issue or concept - explaining how it relates to human rights, who the key actors are, and how and where to engage." (Introduction)
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"This survey was designed to measure how journalists around the world take advantage of technology to enhance their security. The results suggest that there is a general lack of awareness about the power that digital tools have to improve a journalist’s protection. There are scores of organization
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s of journalists, technologists, and activists developing tools for physical or digital protection or training reporters and editors on how to use them. But there can never be enough education about the risks that journalists face and the security measures they can take, especially when it seems that the press is under attack more frequently and in more aggressive ways than before." (Page 12)
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"This article focuses on the case of Google, the newly emerged US Internet industry and global geographical market expansion. Google's struggles in China, where Chinese domestic Internet firm, Baidu, controls the market, have been commonly presented in the Western mainstream media in terms of a stru
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ggle over a strategic information infrastructure between two nation states - newly 'emerging' global power China countering the United States, the world's current hegemon and information empire. Is China really becoming an imperial rival to the United States? What is the nature of this opposition over this new industry? Given that the search engine industry in China is heavily backed by transnational capital - and in particular US capital - and is experiencing intense inter-capitalist competition, this perceived view of inter-state rivalry is incomplete and misleading. By looking at the tussle over the global search business, this article seeks to illuminate the changing dynamics of the US-led transnationalizing capitalism in the context of China's reintegration into the global capitalist market." (Abstract)
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