"The rapid development of the information society has accentuated the importance of digital divides, which refer to economic and social inequalities among populations due to differences in access to, use of, or knowledge of information and communication technologies (ICT). This book discusses the cu
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rrent state of digital divides, ranging from global." (Publisher description)
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"This report assesses how countries can maximise the potential of the digital economy as a driver for innovation and inclusive growth, and discusses the evolutions in the digital economy that policy makers need to consider as well as the emerging challenges they need to address as a part of national
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digital strategies. Chapters include an overview of the current status and outlook of the digital economy; the main trends in the ICT sector, and developments in communication and regulation policy; and overviews of ICT demand and adoption, plus the effects of the digital economy on growth and development. This volume also includes a chapter on developments related to trust in the digital economy and on the emerging Internet of things." (Publisher description)
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"The African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms was drafted by African civil society organisations to guide the creation of a positive, rights-based and democratically governed Internet policy environment in Africa. The initiative is part of a rich heritage of freedom of expression advocacy
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by civil society in Africa and also builds on the continent’s innovative and inclusive approach towards the development of human rights instruments, first pioneered by the drafters of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa. This brief aims to provide an overview of how the Declaration can spur the development of rights-based Internet policy regimes in the region. It is designed primarily for use by African civil society advocates and digital rights defenders who are seeking to engage with the wider Internet policy stakeholder community within their own countries and regions." (Pages 4-5)
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"This study takes it upon itself to present a general overview of the development of online media and social media in Albania, focusing particularly on how professional media outlets use social media. The empirical research focused on monitoring the most widely used social media in Albania, such as
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Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Google+, Instagram and the blogosphere, as well as the six leading online media in Albania, namely top-channel.tv, balkanweb.com, shekulli.com.al, panorama.com.al, albeu.com, and shqiptarja.com. The monitoring covers a one-year period extending from August 2014 to August 2015." (Page 3)
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"Some key findings from the report include: Iran's primary objective has been to challenge existing internet governance structures, most notably the United States' privileged position vis-à-vis the IANA and ICANN; it is too simplistic to say that Iran allies only with authoritarian countries on int
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ernet governance issues-it also partners with democratic nations from the Global South; public discourse around internet governance issues in Iran remains generally underdeveloped, and the quantity and quality of media coverage is lacking; nternet governance is essentially a government-monopolized initiative in Iran, with civil society generally excluded from decision-making processes. However, recent events have suggested that the government may be willing to engage with domestic multistakeholder processes at some level." (Email CGCS, 18.1.205)
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"Almost half (49%) of all Russians believe that information on the Internet needs to be censored; a plurality (42%) of Russians believe foreign countries are using the Internet against Russia and its interests. About one-quarter of Russians think the Internet threatens political stability (24%); abo
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ut four out of five Russians (81%) stated a negative feeling toward calls to protest against the government and change political leadership; the Russian government and the Russian security service were virtually tied in the percentage of Russians (42% and 41% respectively) that cited these organizations as trusted regulators of the Internet; 51% of Russian believe the primary motivation of government legislation creating a blacklist of websites is the maintenance of political stability versus 13% who believe the primarily motivation was limiting democratic freedoms." (Website CGCS)
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"This publication identifies at least 12 digital threats, including illegal or arbitrary digital surveillance, location tracking, and software and hardware exploits without the knowledge of the target. Further examples that are considered are: phishing, fake domain attacks, Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)
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attacks, and Denial of Service (DoS) [...] In examining cases worldwide, this publication serves as a resource for a range of actors. In a nutshell, it surveys the evolving threats, and assesses preventive, protective and pre-emptive measures. It shows that digital security for journalism encompasses, but also goes beyond, the technical dimension. This publication also gives an overview of actors and initiatives working to address digital safety, as well as identifying gaps in knowledge that call for awareness-raising." (UNESCO website)
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"The fundamental problem with cyber surveillance, even for the most well-intentioned governments, is that laws have not evolved with the technology. Governments must enforce the laws that exist and apply them to the modern age. And they should consider that just because technology makes surveillance
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possible doesn’t mean it makes it necessary or justifiable in all cases. The best one can hope for is international adoption of a set of standards, and the use of those standards by international monitoring organizations to apply pressure on authoritarian governments to meet them." (Conclusion)
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"UNESCO’s vision of universal Knowledge Societies builds on a free, open and trusted Internet that enables people to not only have the ability to access information resources from around the world, but to also contribute information and knowledge to local and global communities. What can UNESCO do
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to move towards the realization of this vision of Internet-enabled Knowledge Societies that can foster inclusive sustainable human development worldwide? To address this question within the mandate of this study, UNESCO has worked with Member States and other stakeholders to analyse four separate but interdependent fields of Internet policy and practice, within the mandate of UNESCO, perceived to be central to achieving this vision. These are access to information and knowledge, freedom of expression, privacy, and ethical norms and behaviour online. This report assesses these four fields by viewing them as keystones for building a free and trusted global Internet that will enable inclusive Knowledge Societies." (Executive summary)
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"This book considers how Moroccan-Dutch youth, mostly born in the Netherlands, navigate digital spaces to articulate their politicized identities in a time when claims over the failure of multiculturalism, anti-immigration sentiments and Islamophobia sweep across Europe. Digital Passages: Migrant Yo
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uth 2.0 addresses not only to how these mostly second-generation migrant youth navigate across digital spaces, but also considers the digitization of key identity-formation processes, such as coming of age, rites of passage and the negotiation of offline/online gender, diaspora, religious and youth cultural expectations." (Introduction, page 14)
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"Women on average are 14% less likely to own a mobile phone than men, which translates into 200 million fewer women than men owning mobile phones. Women in South Asia are 38% less likely to own a phone than men, highlighting that the gender gap in mobile phone ownership is wider in certain parts of
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the world. Even when women own mobile phones, there is a significant gender gap in mobile phone usage, which prevents them from reaping the full benefits of mobile phone ownership. Women report using phones less frequently and intensively than men, especially for more sophisticated services such as mobile internet. In most countries, fewer women than men who own phones report using messaging and data services beyond voice. Cost remains the greatest barrier overall to owning and using a mobile phone, particularly for women, who often have less financial independence than men." (Executive summary)
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"Especially notable in the 2015 study is that most people access the internet on their phones rather than by laptop or desktop computers. That’s true in every country in our sample, except Egypt, where an ailing economy has slowed the adoption of new technologies common elsewhere in the region and
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most dramatically in the Gulf states of UAE and Qatar. In a few short years, people now spend more time on the internet than any other media, including the all-powerful television and radio (the most popular medium worldwide). The gap between the internet and other media grew from 2013 to 2015. Another dramatic change since 2013 is that the internet application WhatsApp has soared in use as some 93% of those in the study send direct messages to 84% who use e-mail, which is clearly losing ground." (Introduction)
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"Las brechas de acceso a Internet al interior de los países y en relación con las naciones más desarrolladas se han reducido significativamente, en particular en lo que se refi ere a las tecnologías móviles. Este proceso ha sido resultado, en gran parte, de la disminución de las tarifas de acc
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eso, el aumento de la cobertura de las redes y el menor costo de los equipos terminales. Todavía queda mucho camino que recorrer para lograr la universalización del acceso por lo que no deben descuidarse las políticas y acciones en esta materia. La masificación de las TIC ha permitido también el desarrollo y transformación del ecosistema digital en el que nuevas industrias crecen de forma muy acelerada, reconfi gurando las cadenas de valor y fusionando cadenas previamente separadas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar elementos que muestren la importancia y características de estas nuevas industrias y cómo en la región se estaría repitiendo un modelo de desarrollo basado en la provisión de «insumos», en este caso la conectividad, participando solo marginalmente en la producción de servicios de mayor valor agregado, tales como contenidos, aplicaciones y servicios digitales." (Prefacio de CEPAL)
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"Im Kontext digitaler Medienumgebungen vermischen sich bestehende werbebezogene normative Standards mit neuen, ehemals branchenfremden Standards. Dies macht auf der Ebene werblicher Medienangebote die Neudefinition ethischer Grenzlinien wahrscheinlich. Dies macht aber auch auf der Ebene der Akteure
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im Feld der Planung, Produktion und Distribution von Werbung ethische Intra und Inter-Rollenkonflikte wahrscheinlich. Darüber hinaus werfen neue Werbeformen wie personalisierte Werbung in digitalen Medienumgebungen neue ethische Probleme auf, Stichwort: Schutz sensibler Zielgruppen. Um das ethische Problempotenzial dieser Entwicklungen auszuloten, ist es erforderlich, dass die ethische Urteilsbildung sich nicht ausschließlich auf werbliche Medienangebote konzentriert, sondern auch die Werte- und Normenbezüge von Praktikern im Feld der Werbung fokussiert." (Abstract)
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"Seit 1998 untersucht der Medienpädagogische Forschungsverbund Südwest (mpfs) mit der Studienreihe »Jugend, Information, (Multi-)Media«, der JIM-Studie, kontinuierlich das Medienverhalten der 12- bis 19-Jährigen in Deutschland. Die jährlich im Frühsommer durchgeführte Studie bildet mit einer
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Stichprobengröße von ca. 1.200 Befragten ein repräsentatives Abbild des Medienumgangs Jugendlicher in Deutschland. Durch die Kontinuität der Studienreihe konnten wichtige Entwicklungen der letzten 15 Jahre dokumentiert werden. Zentrale Erkenntnisse zum Medienwandel, aber auch zur Konstanz der Nutzungsmuster von Jugendlichen wurden in dem Sonderband »15 Jahre JIM-Studie« publiziert. Aktuell zeigt die dynamische Entwicklung der Verbreitung von Smartphones und der mobilen Internetnutzung, dass sich die Mediennutzung von Jugendlichen durch technische Neuerungen und neue Angebote ständig im Wandel befindet, auf der anderen Seite aber auch von hoher Stabilität gekennzeichnet ist." (Seite 7)
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"Der Artikel beschreibt, wie Jugendliche in Deutschland mit Smartphone, Apps und Social-Media-Plattformen umgehen und inwiefern dies Chancen und Risiken bei der Bewältigung ihrer Entwicklungsaufgaben mit sich bringt." (Seite 12)
"El número de usuarios de Internet en el Perú llega al 42%. Esta cifra se incrementa cuando se considera únicamente el ámbito urbano (50%) y se reduce considerablemente en el entorno rural, donde la conectividad llega a sólo 18%." (Página 6)