"Internet Governance is not a simple subject. Although it deals with a major symbol of the DIGITAL world, it cannot be handled with a digital - binary logic of true/false and good/bad. Instead, the subject’s many subtleties and shades of meaning and perception require an ANALOG approach, covering
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a continuum of options and compromises. Therefore, this booklet will not attempt to provide definitive statements on Internet Governance issues. Rather, its aim is to propose a practical framework for the analysis, discussion, and resolution of the key problems in this field." (Introduction, page 5)
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"This primer provides a broad perspective on the localization of Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) for the benefit of policy- and decision-makers in developing countries. It highlights the benefits and strategies of FOSS localization, along with case studies from various countries that are on the roa
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d to software freedom. The primer begins with an introduction to localization and the benefits of choosing FOSS over proprietary software. The next section provides a survey of initiatives and efforts in localization of FOSS within the Asia-Pacific region, including best practices and lessons learned specifically in countries such as Viet Nam, Thailand, Cambodia, India and Malaysia. The primer also provides three case studies of localization efforts in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia, as well as recommendations on technical issues, resource allocation, skills and tools, implementation, costs and language considerations. To help localizers get started, two annexes regarding key concepts and the technical aspects of localization are provided. These are intended for project managers and implementers who are planning software localization projects." (Introduction)
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"Wie komme ich ins Internet? Welche Zugangsmöglichkeiten gibt es? Welchen Anbieter soll ich wählen? Welcher Tarif ist der beste? Welche Kosten entstehen mir? Was brauche ich an Geräten und Programmen? Wie installiere ich diese? Und was kann dabei schief gehen? Dies sind nur einige der Fragen, die
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Computerbesitzer stellen, wenn sie zu Hause erstmalig eine Internetverbindung einrichten oder von einem Schmalband- auf einen Breitbandzugang umsteigen wollen. Die Fragen sind berechtigt. Tatsächlich ist einiges an Wissen erforderlich, um sich in der Welt der Internet-Zugangsanbieter und Onlinedienste zurechtzufinden. Man braucht nicht nur Betriebssystemkenntnisse, sondern muss auch mit Datennetzen, neuen Endgeräten sowie Übertragungsraten vertraut sein – und sich inzwischen sogar Gedanken darüber machen, wie man künftig fernsehen und telefonieren will. Das Ganze spielt sich in einem Bereich der Technik ab, der durch rasante Veränderungen geprägt ist. Was gestern noch aktuell war, ist heute vielleicht schon überholt. Außerdem gibt es mittlerweile zahlreiche konkurrierende Anbieter, die Sie mit Angeboten geradezu überhäufen – vom etablierten Kommunikationsunternehmen über Onlinedienste, alternative Netzbetreiber bis hin zu Wiederverkäufern; da gilt es, Qualität und Preise sorgsam zu prüfen und sich bei Kombinationsangeboten wie „Internet plus Telefonie“ auch die Konsequenzen der Entscheidung für den künftigen Alltag vor Augen zu führen." (Einleitung)
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"OECD-DAC’s previous efforts of information collection exercises had already shown that it is difficult, if not impossible, to come up with an overall figure of the investment DAC members have made in the field of ICT for development. The recent attempt has not proved different from the previous o
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nes. Its summary outcome on DAC members’ ICT4D programmes and expenditures is included in Annex 2 and detailed information in Annex 3. Because the financial data are not comprehensive and compatible, the aggregate figure of financing cannot be calculated. However, some reported figures (including some non-ODA) should be highlighted:
• Canada estimates a minimum expenditure of US$ 33 million per annum.
• European Commission has € 250 million commitment of multi-year ICT-specific programmes in addition to € 110 million from the European Development Fund and € 750 million from the European Investment Bank (1999-2003).
• France committed about € 40 million (2002-2005) to global programmes over and from above its country programmes and other facilities.
• Germany at present supports ICT applications with an amount of approximately € 180 million.
• Japan launched its Comprehensive Co-operation Package for bridging the digital divide which consists of non-ODA and ODA funding with a total of US$ 15 billion over 5 years (2000-2005).
• Sweden spent approximately US$ 18 million in 2003.
• The United Kingdom committed ICT-specific programmes and projects, amounting to approximately a total of US$ 83 million.
• The United States estimates its spending of ICT for development at more than US$ 200 million in 2003, and through leveraged or matching outside resources a further US$ 240 million was mobilised." (Page 5)
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"Konfliktakteure setzen weltweit das Internet in zunehmendem Maße strategisch ein. Lokal ausgetragene Konflikte erhalten so eine neue Dimension: Die veränderte Medialisierung führt zu ihrer Ausdehnung in den globalen Cyberspace. Auf der Grundlage ethnographischer Forschungen zu den Online-Aktivit
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äten christlicher wie muslimischer Akteure im Molukkenkonflikt (1999-2002) untersucht die Studie Prozesse der Identitätskonstruktion und Gemeinschaftsbildung im Internet. Die Autorin leistet damit einen innovativen Beitrag zur Konflikt- und Internetforschung und ebnet methodisch den Weg für eine neue Cyberethnologie." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"This report aims to give an overview of what DAC members currently know about how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use in developing economies can stimulate economic growth and poverty reduction. It draws attention to the cross-cutting applications of ICTs, to their role as tools, not
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goals, and links their use to development co-operation. The report presents three key discussions. Chapter 2 considers the contribution of ICTs to pro-poor growth. Chapter 3 discusses the contribution of ICTs to the Millennium Development Goals, drawing attention to the processes that lead to the goals. Chapter 4 looks specifically at poverty-reduction good practice and relates what is currently known to the role of ICTs. It is hoped that this text will clarify the debate on the role of ICTs, and give a framework for extending the discussion so that ICTs may find their rightful place in development co-operation." (Abstract)
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"The role of information and knowledge in development is contentious - whilst information is central to development, practitioners struggle to define a causal link between it and development outcomes. The authors conclude that information-sharing of itself does not necessarily lead to such outcomes,
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unless the processes are in place to support its transformation into knowledge. Based on the principle of technology challenging poverty, this paper summarises the findings from a two-year research project conducted by the Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) and Cranfield University into the use of information communication technologies (ICTs) for development. In developing countries most people have little experience of ICTs, little time or money, low levels of literacy, and highly contextualised knowledge and language requirements (representing a challenge known as 'the first mile'). The paper springs from an analysis of the literature, and a case study based on practical experience of a project in Peru. It offers recommendations for practitioners, and suggestions for further research. Changes in the ICT industry such as "convergence" and the reduction of costs lead to hopes that "technology-leapfrogging" will help to bridge the "digital divide". The Peruvian case (a Rural-Urban Information System) project links local information centres (infocentres) in the region to information providers such as government bodies and NGOs working in the region. Project success depends on attention to process, and the authors recommend two key principles: communities need to first specify the development outcomes they want; and projects need to adopt an iterative project cycle. This comprises researching and planning, implementation, evaluation, and learning and sharing, to ensure practitioners repeatedly re-evaluate assumptions, learn from experiences, and involve the community at each stage." (Oxfam Review 10/06)
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