"Mobile technology has spread rapidly around the globe. Today, it is estimated that more than 5 billion people have mobile devices, and over half of these connections are smartphones. But the growth in mobile technology to date has not been equal, either across nations or within them. People in adva
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nced economies are more likely to have mobile phones – smartphones in particular – and are more likely to use the internet and social media than people in emerging economies. For example, a median of 76% across 18 advanced economies surveyed have smartphones, compared with a median of only 45% in emerging economies. Smartphone ownership can vary widely by country, even across advanced economies. While around nine-in-ten or more South Koreans, Israelis and Dutch people own smartphones, ownership rates are closer to six-in-ten in other developed nations like Poland, Russia and Greece. In emerging economies, too, smartphone ownership rates vary substantially, from highs of 60% in South Africa and Brazil to just around four-in-ten in Indonesia, Kenya and Nigeria. Among the surveyed countries, ownership is lowest in India, where only 24% report having a smartphone." (Pages 39-40)
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"Recent studies suggest that empathy induced by narrative messages can effectively facilitate persuasion and reduce psychological reactance. Although limited, emerging research on the etiology of radical political behavior has begun to explore the role of narratives in shaping an individual’s beli
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efs, attitudes, and intentions that culminate in radicalization. The existing studies focus exclusively on the influence of narrative persuasion on an individual, but they overlook the necessity of empathy and that in the absence of empathy, persuasion is not salient. We argue that terrorist organizations are strategic in cultivating empathetic-persuasive messages using audiovisual materials, and disseminating their message within the digital medium. Therefore, in this paper we propose a theoretical model and analytical framework capable of helping us better understand the neurocognitive process of digital radicalization." (Abstract)
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"Que se haya establecido en primer lugar el uso de la aplicación WhatsApp nos muestra la importancia de las redes en la comunicación personal, afectiva, familiar, en el trabajo, la economía y la organización de las personas. El Facebook denota la importancia e las redes abiertas, sin embargo, ta
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mbién las características como medio de información y el grado de apertura de la población a la información global. En tercer lugar, la importancia del Google y el YouTube como plataformas de exploración de información más especializada en salud, tutoriales para actividades manuales, información agropecuaria, muestra nuevas formas de búsqueda y de adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades en diferentes temas de interés, sin límite. Otras formas de acceder a vincularse de manera colectiva e individual, como la información de otras organizaciones, el correo electrónico, aunque han mostrado numéricamente menos representatividad, su uso no es menos importante, ya que por una parte se trata de contenido local nacional y por otra de comunicación personalizada. Respecto a las brechas del uso del Internet frente al nivel de educación alcanzado, estas pueden ser disminuidas gracias a las herramientas, como el uso de mensajes de voz, por lo que llamamos a los jóvenes a darse la tarea de encontrar la manera de transferir estos conocimientos a las personas con mayores dificultades. De manera que se independicen para atender sus propias necesidades de comunicación. Al mismo tiempo que el estudio ha encontrado relaciones de solidaridad entre familiares y vecinos, que llevan más allá del uso individual de estos medios, por lo que alentamos a mantener estos mecanismos de colaboración. La radio y la televisión son todavía importantes medios de información, sin embargo, la tendencia en la propia comunidad Macharetí muestra que puede ser complementario al uso del internet, lo que en los próximos años ayudaría a disminuir la brecha generacional entre los distintos medios de difusión y comunicación." (Conclusiones, página 79-80)
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"This report recognizes artificial intelligence (AI) as an opportunity to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), through its contribution to building inclusive knowledge societies. Based on UNESCO’s Internet Universality ROAM framework agreed by UNESCO’s Member States i
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n 2015, this study analyzes how AI and advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) will impact Human Rights in terms of freedom of expression, privacy, media, journalism and non-discrimination; how Openness needs to inform the technological and safety challenges related to AI; how Access to AI hinges upon access to algorithms, hardware, human resources and data; and how a Multi-stakeholder approach concerning AI governance can address the challenges and opportunities for the benefit of humanity." (Back cover)
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"Of all 10 African countries surveyed, only in South Africa is more than half the population online. The Internet penetration rate in Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria and Senegal is above the 20% threshold – but even this requires further investigation in a developing country context, where the unaf
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fordability of data means that usage is generally very low and most people are using services passively, not in the high-speed, always-on environment where studies of causality in relation to penetration and economic growth have been done. In some countries, the low Internet uptake is a result of no coverage – there is insufficient broadband extension beyond the major urban centres in the case of Mozambique, Nigeria and Uganda. Yet even in countries where there is extensive coverage, such as in Lesotho, Rwanda and South Africa, the cost of devices is a major barrier to uptake. Such demand-side constraints relate not only to affordability of devices and services, but also to classical issues of human development. In several countries, including Nigeria and Tanzania, the lack of awareness or skills on how to use the Internet accounts for the large numbers of people who remain offline." (Executive summary)
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"After a long time of neglect, Artificial Intelligence is once again at the center of most of our political, economic, and socio-cultural debates. Recent advances in the field of Artifical Neural Networks have led to a renaissance of dystopian and utopian speculations on an AI-rendered future. Algor
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ithmic technologies are deployed for identifying potential terrorists through vast surveillance networks, for producing sentencing guidelines and recidivism risk profiles in criminal justice systems, for demographic and psychographic targeting of bodies for advertising or propaganda, and more generally for automating the analysis of language, text, and images. Against this background, the aim of this book is to discuss the heterogenous conditions, implications, and effects of modern AI and Internet technologies in terms of their political dimension: What does it mean to critically investigate efforts of net politics in the age of machine learning algorithms?" (Publisher description)
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"Information technology and its multifold applications offer spectacular opportunities in business. They can also contribute to making public institutions more transparent and accountable. In recent years however developmental visions that are related to digitalisation have become darker. The reason
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is that technology in itself is not a blessing. Vested interests can use it to gain yet more influence or entrench monopolies – often even in illegitimate ways." (Page 18)
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"Nuestras opiniones y comportamientos, capturados por algoritmos, quedan subordinados a corporaciones globalizadas. El espacio público se vuelve opaco y lejano. La desciudadanización se radicaliza, mientras algunos sectores se reinventan y ganan batallas parciales. Pero los usos neoliberales de la
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s tecnologías mantienen y ahondan las desigualdades mayores. ¿Qué alternativas tenemos ante esta desposesión? ¿Disidencias, hackeos? ¿Cuál es el lugar del voto, esa relación entre Estado y sociedad reprogramada por las tecnologías y el mercado?" (Editorial)
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"Dieser Test soll dir ein paar Denkanstöße geben: Wie verwendest du dein Smartphone im Alltag? Und: Wie wichtig ist es für dich ganz persönlich? Entsprechend gibt es keine richtigen oder falschen Antworten. Vielleicht lösen die Fragen etwas bei dir aus und du denkst über manche Situationen mit
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etwas Abstand neu nach. Bestimmt kennst du viele der Alltagssituationen, zu denen wir dir Fragen stellen. Bitte wähle jeweils die Antwort aus, die am ehesten auf dich zutrifft und deiner persönlichen Einstellung entspricht. Bitte kreuze nur diese eine Antwort an." (Anleitung, Seite 3)
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"In this report, GlobalWebIndex offers a unique perspective on day-to-day media consumption behaviors by age and across 41 markets – analyzing how much time people are spending online, tracking the types of media they are consuming and assessing the share of time spent on digital versus traditiona
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l forms of television and print press." (Introduction)
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"1. While gender gaps are observable in most aspects of ICT access, skills and leadership, the picture is complex. There are large regional variations: some countries are close to parity or have even reversed the gender gap on some indicators, while others still have persistent gaps. Individual coun
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tries can have both large and small gaps, depending on the indicator being measured. Interpreting the gaps requires careful and contextualised analysis.
2. Barriers to gender digital equality are generally related to one or more of the following: 1) availability of infrastructure; 2) financial constraints; 3) ICT ability and aptitude; 4) interest and perceived relevance of ICTs; 5) safety and security; and 6) socio-cultural and institutional contexts. Most of these barriers cut across issues of access, skills, and leadership, although they may manifest in slightly different ways. While research has documented these barriers, the evidence from different sources is sometimes contradictory, even within the same country contexts.
3. There is no one conclusive strategy for eliminating gender digital inequalities. Recommendations generally call either for targeting specific contributing factors of gender digital inequality (such as affordability or recruiting practices), or for reshaping deeply ingrained social norms and practices (such as gender stereotypes) that are at the root of gender inequalities. As with the evidence on barriers, research results are sometimes contradictory or nuanced.
4. The dominant approaches to gender equality in ICT access, skills, and leadership mostly frame issues in binary (male/female) terms, thereby masking the relevance of other pertinent identities. Insufficient research has been done on the implications of ICTs for intersectional identities. Data collection should move from binary sexdisaggregation towards finer degrees of status disaggregation in order to recognise multiple and interacting identities (such as sexuality, poverty, class, education, age, disability, and occupation).
5. To ensure privacy and safety as well as full participation in the digital economy, women should have equal opportunities to develop adequate basic and advanced digital skills. Cyberstalking, online harassment, image manipulation, privacy violations, geotracking, and surveillance can compromise women’s and girls’ safety both online and offline. In addition, some evidence suggests the digital transformation of labour may be widening gender wage gaps. These outcomes can be averted with the right types of training combined with social and institutional change.
6. Developments in digital technologies open new pathways to gender diversity and inclusion; however, lack of attention to gender dynamics and differences hampers the potential for true progress. For example, evidence suggests that most women’s work in the digital economy, particularly in the Global South, reinforces existing social divisions. Moreover, artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, designed largely by men, tend to ignore the negative gender implications of their designs. Research, government policy and design principles should include gender awareness and analysis, for example by building in data and privacy protections and avoiding gender stereotypes." (Key findings, page 19-20)
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"This document aims to provide USAID staff and local partners with a framework for identifying and understanding risks associated with development data. It is meant as a conversation starter—to highlight important concerns and provide actionable advice—to help those who use data in development p
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rograms maximize utility while also managing risk. By starting to have conversations around responsible data practices, staff and partners will begin to build competency in this area. USAID’s Journey to Self Reliance includes supporting countries to build their own technological capacity and readiness by taking ownership of their data and being held accountable that it is kept safe.
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"As the ‘big three’ social media platforms Facebook, YouTube and Twitter increasingly lose their relevance for young users, other social media, especially Instagram, step up to fill this space. Our research showed that hate groups and extremists wishing to influence minors or young adults with t
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heir ideologies follow their target group to those platforms. It is a welcome step that Instagram joined the Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online in 2018. Due to the increasing significance of this network and its relevance for children, future research on hate speech online should consider Instagram on a par with Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. As the social media with the broadest audience strengthen their moderation and removal policies to tackle hate speech, extremists and hate groups are looking for alternative solutions. They find these in networks which do not enforce their community guidelines as strictly or advocate a far-reaching free speech approach specifically allowing hate speech on their platforms. Those platforms are very diverse and appeal to different audiences in different countries. In some countries, dedicated websites are set up in order to facilitate the use of networks operated abroad and to mediate possible language barriers." (Conclusion, page 11)
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"Educators use Twitter in many ways, including:
- The Digital Classroom: Twitter can be used to teach media and information literacy, including digital skills as well as global citizenship. You can prepare students to be informed, creative, engaged, empowered as well as how to express themselves —
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contributing to positive societal change while being safe and smart on Twitter and everywhere else online.
- Networking with Colleagues: Twitter is a great tool to get ideas from other educators, to stay connected to education, and edtech conferences you cannot attend in person. It’s also an ideal tool to aid professional development and continuous learning.
- Connecting with the School Community: Teachers and administrators can use Twitter to share classroom or school news — from homework and projects to back-toschool nights.
This resource will provide insight into how Twitter can be used by educators and social actors of all kinds to innovate for better learning outcomes." (Introduction, page 3)
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