"As Africa becomes increasingly urban, the reach and use of mobile telephones and other portable digital devices inevitably are becoming a mass medium. This shift creates new opportunities for existing broadcasters and publishers. And it creates new opportunities for a much larger number of new inde
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pendent media, including new providers of news, information, education, health care, entertainment–and program streams combining many or all of these elements. It also creates new ways for citizens to monitor and petition their governments. And it creates new avenues for governments to reach and influence citizens, for good or ill." (Conclusion)
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"Radio advertising in Argentina has been adapted to the changing needs of radio. This paper aims to describe and analyze the advertisement formats used in the four leading prime time programs in Argentina. The methodology is a content analysis that is applied to a sample of four programs each one wi
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th duration of four hours (ranging from 9 AM to 1 PM, Monday through Friday) for two weeks in October 2010. Therefore, the sample amounts to 160 hours of programming, 40 for each program. Sponsorships are least used, while the advertising segments are prevalent in all programs. The advertising segments are very different in length for the AM vs. FM. The “mention” has becomed increasingly common in prime time. The speaker´s role is essential to the "selling” of products or services and his function becomes more important when programs incorporate dialogue sections to include brand mentions with time for humorous banter. The terms of prime time advertising on Argentinean radio have changed in recent years in order to adapt to the current needs of radio: programming criteria, use of ss, variety of content and voices and interaction with the listener." (Abstract)
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"Government and radio broadcasting stations have been debating the model of digital transmission to be adopted in Brazil, without having come to a consensus. The impasse is related to the technological characteristics of the available systems (HD Radio, DRM, and DAB) that are not integrally adaptabl
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e to the model of radio broadcasting, to the regulatory laws, and to the rules of the radio market in the country. Tests done with HD Radio revealed that the digital system does not provide the same coverage as a quality analogical AM radio. Other aspects are the technical conditions of the Brazilian broadcasting stations and their adaptability to a digital system: 37% of them still function with valve transmitters, most of them being between AM commercial and public radios. As they are broadcasting stations with few resources for investment in transistorized equipment, it will be necessary to create public policies of incentive for digitalization, which would collaborate to the sustainability of the sector. The data are integrated into national research, based on a sample of 750 stations, which corresponds to 96.42% of the profile of the Brazilian radio market." (Abstract)
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"A diario, los medios de comunicación difunden una parte de la multiplicidad de prácticas, experiencias y expresiones artísticas, urbanas, populares, rurales y masivas de la sociedad. De esa manera, se reafirman como una "institución paradigmática" (Thompson, 1998), con poder para construir una
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realidad y producir sentidos, a base de las versiones o representaciones que dan sobre los acontecimientos y que se muestran como noticias. Esta investigación, que nace como un aporte entre el CIESPAL y el Ministerio Coordinador de Patrimonio, analiza la construcción de la noticia cultural para, a partir de ella, entender cómo los medios de comunicación del país producen determinadas representaciones sobre cultura. Específicamente, este trabajo centra su exploración en una muestra de periódicos y de telediarios, de Quito y Guayaquil, que está difundiendo información cultural cotidiana." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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"This publication has four main purposes. First, it informs local authorities and business associations in Ghana about the benefits of setting up industrial zones in their localities. Second, decision makers will learn about what has been achieved so far through the support to industrial areas in va
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rious regions of Ghana. Third, the document aims to share experiences on how to use radio programmes for economic development initiatives such as industrial zones at the local level. It also targets local media, especially radio, and demonstrates what they can do to create interesting programmes for small businesses and to support local economic development at the same time. Last, but not least the publication seeks to contribute to a wider knowledge sharing among stakeholders as well as the public at large on how to use media for public private dialogue." (Introduction, page 3)
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"Der Beitrag zeichnet die Konsolidierung des Forschungsfeldes der grenzüberschreitenden Medienkommunikation im deutschsprachigen Raum nach. Die Gastherausgeber unterscheiden vier zentrale Zugangsweisen zum Thema: (a) die Erweiterung des Ländervergleichs um intersystemische Einflüsse, (b) die endo
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gene Theorieerweiterung, bei der kommunikations- und medienwissenschaftliche Konzepte wie „Öffentlichkeit“ oder „Medienevent“ auf grenzüberschreitende Phänomene übertragen und dabei inhaltlich verändert werden, (c) der Theorieimport, insbesondere aus der Soziologie und den Kulturwissenschaften, einschließlich einer Übernahme der Kritik am „methodologischen Nationalismus“, sowie (d) das Hineinwirken von Regionalexpertise, etwa über den arabischen Raum, in die Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft. Sodann zeigt der Beitrag auf, wie sich im Zusammenwachsen dieser Zugangsweisen Synergien zwischen einer Semantik des „Inter“ (Grenzüberschreitung zwischen bestehenden nationalen oder kulturellen Einheiten) und einer Semantik des „Trans“ (Grenzüberwindung als Prozess der Verwischung vormals bestehender Einheiten) herausbilden." (Abstract)
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"El primer capítulo, 'Interculturalidad y comunicación intercultural', aborda fundamentos teóricos y debates contemporáneos sobre el tema; el segundo, 'Comunicación intercultural en Bolivia hoy', trata sobre la construcción pendiente - no extenta de contradicciones - sobre la interculturalidad
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en nuestro país, a partir de la nueva Constitución; el tercer capítulo expone las 'Prácticas de la comunicación intercultural y experiencias concretas desde el periodismo alternativo', y el cuarto capítulo, 'Viviendo la comunicación intercultural', reúne las ponencias de actores que luchan cotidianamente por ejercer su derecho en una sociedad en la que la comunicación intercultural plena es una tarea pendiente." (Contratapa)
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"According to Galtung, a peace journalism frame is one that highlights peace initiatives and tones down differences by promoting conflict resolution. A war journalism frame, in his view, is one that highlights differences between opposing parties, urging violence as means to a resolution. Thus, base
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d on the above classification of these two competing frames of war coverage, this is one of the first studies to empirically test the model via a visual quantitative analysis. Using news photographs, this study analyzes the extent to which the Gaza War (2008-2009) was represented as war versus peace journalism in the three leading Western newswires (Associated Press, Reuters, and AFP/Getty Images). Findings indicate that all three wires combined provided a variety of visual frames to communicate a comprehensive coverage of the event. This observed pattern therefore highlights the role of gatekeeping in providing a broad-based understanding of conflicts. In other words, it becomes crucial to note that photo selections in terms of war versus peace journalism ultimately has an impact in shaping public opinion and influencing perceptions of news events. Furthermore, from a theoretical standpoint, this work expands the classification of war versus peace journalism by operationalizing these frames into concrete pictorial patterns from a visual communication perspective." (Abstract)
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"Dialogue Through Film is a unique initiative bringing together young Armenians from Nagorny Karabakh and Azerbaijanis to make short films about the conflict that divides them. Over 30 young film-makers have taken part, and thousands of Armenians and Azeris have watched their films. This handbook of
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fers information, guidance and resources for you to organise your own screenings and discussions of a selection of these films. Our aim is to encourage and facilitate independent debate in Armenian and Azerbaijani societies about each other, the Nagorny Karabakh conflict, and the many challenging issues confronting Armenian-Azerbaijani reconciliation and the peaceful resolution of the conflict." (Foreword)
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"From the massacre of the Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee to the torture of prisoners at Abu Ghraib, from famine in China to apartheid in South Africa, Picturing Atrocity examines a broad spectrum of photographs. Each of the essays focuses specifically on an iconic image, offering a distinct approach
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and context, in order to enable us to look again; and this time more closely at the picture. In addition, four photo-essays showcase the work of photographers involved in the making of photographs of brutality as well as the artists' own reflections on these images. Together these essays cover the historical and geographical range of atrocity photographs and respond to current concerns about such disturbing images; they probe why we as viewers feel compelled to look even when our instinct might be to look away." (Publisher description)
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"This study focuses on digital archive management and will review the current “state of play” in archive management for content creators. It includes both academic and industry research, as well as the results of site visits to nine media organizations located in Thailand, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and
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Malaysia. The purpose of this study is twofold: firstly, to present an introduction to digital archive management for media organizations and content creators, helping to build awareness and greater understanding of the topic as a whole; secondly, to provide guidance and practical advice, in particular for small- to medium-sized media organizations, as well as for those operating with limited resources, or under challenging environmental and political circumstances. The findings of this study can be broadly divided into two areas. The first relates to the safe storage of content and the associated challenges faced by organizations attempting to store large amounts of data. The second is the effective cataloguing and management of digital archives, allowing content within an organization to be described, discovered and re-used." (Executive summary)
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"This report presents an analysis of Iranian public opinion and mood as expressed over Twitter in the nine months following the election. The research represents an initial case study of a novel methodology developed to analyze politically oriented social media content. In addition to policy-relevan
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t findings regarding Iranians’ attitudes toward a variety of topics (e.g., President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, the United States), our methodological approach is described in detail. The results should be of interest to analysts and policymakers concerned with Iranian politics and public opinion in closed societies, as well as social media researchers." (Preface)
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"[This publication] is intended to help Peace Corps Volunteers and their counterparts identify organizations that might provide books and other educational materials for schools and libraries in their communities. The services described for each organization listed in Section A apply specifically to
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Peace Corps Volunteers. The services and procedures for organizations listed in Section B apply to counterparts or other host country nationals requesting assistance directly." (Introduction)
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