"This desk review report provides an overview of data governance in Africa, exploring policy frameworks, implementation challenges, regional collaborations, capacity building, governmental initiatives, civil society engagement, and academia's role. The continent's increasing reliance on digital syst
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ems has spurred a surge in data production, necessitating robust governance frameworks. While progress is evident with the enactment of data protection laws and establishment of regulatory bodies, implementation challenges persist due to resource constraints and political complexities.
Regional collaborations within Africa, particularly among East African Community (EAC), Southern African Development Community (SADC), and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), manifest a collective recognition of the importance of data governance. These collaborations offer guidance and promote policy enactments, shaping data protection laws and enhancing responsible data practices across member states.
Amidst the evolving data governance landscape, capacity building emerges as a critical aspect, spotlighting the need for nurturing skills in data management, analysis, and ethics. Challenges within educational infrastructure and workforce training gaps present barriers in fostering a skilled workforce capable of effective data governance practices.
Initiatives on data governance take on several forms notably through government endeavours such as the implementation of pivotal systems like the Health Management Information System, Integrated Revenue Administration System and Labour Market Information System among others. Furthermore, Civil Society Initiatives, including efforts from various organisations advocating for data privacy and open data, and initiatives in academia, such as Education Management Information Systems, significantly contribute to advancing ethical data practices and transparent data access." (Executive summary)
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"This guide aims to encourage civil society and community organizations, activists and individuals to engage with the United Nations' (UN) Universal Periodic Review (UPR) mechanism on freedom of expression, safety of journalists and access to information issues. The guide explains why it is importan
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t to focus on freedom of expression in the UPR, followed by an overview of the UPR mechanism; a brief introduction to freedom of expression; and practical guidance on civil society engagement with the UPR. It also provides a set of resources for further information on the topics addressed. These guidelines build upon a joint Amnesty-UNESCO survey of more than 70 civil society respondents from different regions; a series of consultation webinars held between March and June 2022; and comprehensive interviews with civil society organizations from different regions." (Introduction, page 1)
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"This volume highlights some of the alternative models that have originated in two major Asian democracies, India and South Korea. It compares these two countries’ distinctive approaches through case studies that demonstrate just how much more complex the world will be than the common-place predic
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tion of a battle between U.S.- and Chinese-centric approaches." (Introduction, page 2)
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"This note provides suggestions for Member States on how to word the recommendations for the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) in the field of freedom of expression, safety of journalists and access to information. The background and recommendations below can also assist UN Country Teams, National Hum
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an Rights institutions (NHRIs) and civil society in relation to UPR submissions and follow up." (About this guidance note, page 1)
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"This white paper seeks to provide an overview of the core thematic issues around digital rights and digital safety across the world. The content builds off a global mapping exercise of organisations and knowledge, predominantly focused on Africa and the Middle East, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Eas
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tern Europe and Central Asia. This document is intended to serve as a primer for practitioners and newcomers into the field of digital rights to gain a broad understanding of key issues within this ecosystem." (Introduction, page 5)
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"This publication is a collection of essays and articles by Access to Information advocates in Africa unpacking some of the successes, hopes & struggles, and ongoing challenges to the full realization of the right to information in Africa." (Publisher description)
"The manual is produced to guide citizens, information holders but most importantly, journalists, on how to use Sierra Leone’s RAI Act to access information. The manual has four chapters that highlight key information about the RAI law. It presents an easy-to-understand information about the law t
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hat empowers the reader to use and assert it." (About this manual)
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"Este livro surge em defesa da Lei de Acesso às Informações Públicas, que completa dez anos da entrada em vigor em 16 de maio de 2022. A Lei 12.527/11 ou LAI, como é conhecida, é inegavelmente um instrumento importante para a promoção da participação e da cidadania para a constituição de
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um esta do democrático previsto na Constituição Federal. Durante a primeira década de existência da LAI é possível constatar que houve avanços importantes na promoção do acesso à informação, pois a vigência da Lei permitiu a adoção de iniciativas de construção da visibilidade de informações antes disponíveis apenas para servidores e agentes políticos que viviam a intimidade da admi nistração pública e estavam habituados à premissa do segredo em detrimento da informação." (Em defesa da LAI, página 13)
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"New data sources related to socio-economic development should improve journalistic reporting. However, in the absence of a centralized open data repository in Tajikistan, journalists may face delays in getting quick access to important datasets. To address this challenge, Zerkalo conducted a mappin
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g study, identifying the open data sources in Tajikistan and putting together a comprehensive database accessible on Airtable and Google Spreadsheets. By mapping most of the open data, the current study facilitates the access to development-related information for journalists working on socio-economic issues. Relying on a two-stage desk research approach, Zerkalo constructed a database containing most of the open data sources in Tajikistan. The data collection phase for the mapping study was implemented from February 14 to March 10, 2022. Overall, the research team examined 1032 hyperlinks to 68 websites, holding relevant datasets. As a result, Zerkalo identified 294 datasets on socio-economic themes and included them in the database." (Executive summary, page 4)
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"Access to information is an essential component of best practices in public administration management and governance in Africa. Transparency is progressively becoming the rule, and secrecy the exception. The campaigns for the expansion of access to information alongside the development of the digit
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al era have enhanced the scope of journalism, especially investigative reporting in several African countries. Currently, 25 African countries have adopted Access to information laws. The African Union, its organs and African governments ought to boost the adoption of constitutional provisions and laws on access to information for everyone." (Page 1)
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"These UNESCO guidelines aim to provide practical support to National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) on the use of the UPR process to improve freedom of opinion and expression, safety of journalists, and access to information and to strengthen their capacity to engage with the process in all its
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stages." (About, page 1)
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"New data sources related to socio-economic development should improve journalistic reporting. Still, despite an abundance of open data in Kyrgyzstan, journalists may face delays in getting quick access to important datasets. Goal: To facilitate the access to development-related information for jour
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nalists working with data on socio-economic issues, Zerkalo conducted a mapping study, identifying all the open data sources in Kyrgyzstan and putting together a comprehensive database. Methods: Relying on a two-stage desk research approach, the Zerkalo team constructed a database containing open data sources in Kyrgyzstan. The main data collection phase for the mapping study was conducted from February 14 to March 10, 2022. Overall, the research team examined 1986 hyperlinks to 131 websites, holding relevant datasets. As a result, Zerkalo identified 389 datasets on socio-economic themes, which were included in the database." (Executive summary, page 4)
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"O presente relatório propôs, através de uma análise de transparência passiva e ativa, um diagnóstico quanto à transparência e a garantia do direito de acesso à informação pública de saúde, em período sensível de calamidade no Brasil - a pandemia do novo coronavírus. O contexto de in
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fodemia somou-se aos crescentes entraves institucionais impostos pelo governo de Jair Bolsonaro, tornando quase impossível obter informações oficiais seguras, participar e monitorar as políticas públicas governamentais. Na pandemia de COVID-19, isso se ampliou e continua em curso, mais de um ano após, ainda que às custas de mais de 420 mil vidas perdidas. Muitos indícios denotam a intencionalidade das ações, como a afirmação recente de chefe da ANVISA17 sobre ter participado de reunião no Palácio do Planalto, em que se sugeriu modificar a bula da cloroquina para incluir possibilidade de seu uso contra a COVID-19, mesmo sendo este ato contrário a evidências científicas. Ainda que houvesse evidência contrária ao uso, houve ampla propaganda, pelo presidente da república, da cloroquina e de hidroxicloroquina como tratamentos para a infecção por coronavírus, levando a novas comorbidades. Se, por um lado, a importância do compartilhamento proativo de informações confiáveis e úteis para o eficiente enfrentamento à Covid-19 já tem sido reiterado por organizações nacionais e internacionais, a análise aqui presente mostra que as diversas formas de desinformação, incluindo o apagão de dados são, hoje, a regra no Brasil. O largo desrespeito aos prazos de resposta, a prorrogação indefinida para manifestações concernentes à pandemia e a banalização do sigilo18 são apenas uma parte pequena desses entraves - e não refletem a pressa que o contexto pandêmico exige sobre segurança acerca dos modos de prevenção, tratamento e contenção da doença. Para além disso, a propaganda massiva da desinformação vem sendo meio de afetação de milhares de pessoas no país que, possuindo menos acesso ao conhecimento científico produzido, confiam nas figuras de liderança que deveriam estar fazendo o papel de assegurar medidas de saúde. Foi possível constatar neste estudo um grave sintoma, face aos pedidos realizados. Da análise de amplitude de acesso, 75% dos pedidos tiveram retorno insuficiente." (Conclusões, página 41)
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"Experts say having a law for access to public information is important to enhance public transparency, but it’s only the starting point in the battle against state secrecy. How can journalists benefit from such laws and why should the news media care about it? This paper is divided into four part
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s: the first chapter gives a brief summary of what FOI is and some practical examples of stories that have been published with it. The second chapter explores the data from a national survey about how journalists are using the law. The survey was conducted with the help of Maria Esperidião at the Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism (Abraji), an association where I am also a director. The third chapter is a series of interviews with experienced Brazilian journalists from different fields to see their views on FOI and what journalists can do to improve its use. The questions that I asked them were based on the Abraji survey results. The final chapter is a small guide on how to start a FOI section in your newsroom – a combination of guidance obtained during the interviews and my own previous experiences." (Introduction, page 5)
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"The RTI Act is considered the mother of all anti-corruption tools in Ghana. It is expected that citizens will utilize the law to access public information thereby engendering transparency and accountability in governance. Again, that active information disclosure by government and public institutio
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ns will help in the fight against corruption. However, since the passage of the law, awareness and uptake of the law by citizens including journalists has been quite low. Thus, as part of efforts to increase the knowledge of the law among journalists and how it can be utilized to help fight corruption in Ghana, the Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) with support from the Deutche Welle Akademie on June 17, 2021 convened a forum of journalists, lawyers, anti-corruption CSOs, journalists’ groups/associations and members of the RTI Commission on the theme Investigative Journalism, the RTI Law and the Fight Against Corruption in Ghana. This Publication presents key Reflections and Recommendations from stakeholders at the forum." (Background, page 2)
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"This toolkit on international standards for freedom of expression builds on these efforts, aiming to give a global scope to this endeavour. By reinforcing the knowledge and capacities of the judiciary, the toolkit effectively contributes to the implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety
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of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, adopted by the UN Chief Executives Board in 2012 and recognized by the UN General Assembly in 2013. The Plan of Action aims to create “a free and safe environment for journalists and media workers in both conflict and non-conflict situations, with a view to strengthening peace, democracy and development worldwide”. It is our hope that this toolkit will be a useful tool for judges, public prosecutors, judicial training institutes, academics and judicial actors at large, so that respect for freedom of expression, public access to information, and the safety of journalists become an integral part of efforts to guarantee and promote human rights in our societies." (Abstract)
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"• General public health emergency legislation should not allocate broad discretion to public authorities to limit the right to information through subordinate legal rules but should, instead, subject this to a requirement that any restriction is either “necessity” or “strictly required by t
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he exigencies of the situation”, and is also quite clear regarding how the right to information is being limited.
• No blanket suspensions of the right to information, including blanket time limit extensions for responding to requests for information, should be imposed during emergencies. Instead, emergency provisions should establish the conditions for extending time limits on a case-by-case basis in response to individual requests.
• No limits should be imposed on requests for information related to the emergency and government responses to it, especially where the purpose of the request is to disseminate this information to the public. Better practice is to prioritise these requests, for example by responding more quickly than the law requires.
• Any limits on the right to information should be reviewed regularly and limited in duration to the period during which emergency conditions justify them.
• During a health emergency, necessary changes to the way in which information is recorded and stored should be introduced to ensure that there is no loss of continuity in the recording of government decisions and actions.
• Where an emergency continues for more than the short term, any limits to the right to information that were introduced early on should be lifted or downgraded as soon as possible." (Executive summary, page iii)
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"Este estudio, nuevamente, evidencia que existen grandes debilidades en la implementación de políticas de transparencia y acceso a la información por parte de las instituciones relacionadas directa e indirectamente con el sector hidrocarburos; por tanto, para contribuir con su mejora se recomiend
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a que: las autoridades públicas de los niveles Central y subnacional, involucradas directa o indirectamente en el sector hidrocarburos, asuman acciones para cumplir la normativa relacionada con la transparencia y acceso a información, y se implementen nuevos principios, directrices y normas internas para dotar a la población de mayor información que permita una adecuada participación y oportuno control social sobre este recurso que es estratégico y de propiedad de todos los bolivianos; la sociedad civil organizada también debe desarrollar iniciativas y presentar propuestas de nuevas políticas de transparencia y acceso a la información, éstas pueden tener como base las buenas prácticas internacionales de transparencia y acceso a la información relacionadas con el sector hidrocarburos; en la segunda década del siglo XXI resulta fundamental que las instituciones públicas, tanto desde el nivel central como subnacional, implementen instrumentos y herramientas tecnológicas que faciliten el acceso a información por parte de la población mediante el uso del internet y portales web; se debe impulsar y desarrollar una política nacional de datos abiertos que permita contar con datos técnicos del sector con regularidad y calidad, que permitan ser reutilizados por la ciudadanía; desarrollar una política de transparencia y acceso a la información, ya sea mediante una norma específica o incorporada en la nueva Ley de Hidrocarburos, que establezca aspectos mínimos relativos al desarrollo del sector que deben ser transparentados, mecanismos para el acceso a información, con plazos para su publicación y sanciones ante posibles incumplimientos." (Recomendaciones, página 29)
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