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Ignorance is Bliss! Internet Usage and Perceptions of Corruption in a Panel of Developing Countries

Alberto Posso, Meg Elkins

International Journal of Communication, volume 8 (2014), pp. 2561-2577

"In a world of open-ended access to social media, the ability of governments to control information is slipping away. It is plausible in countries with limited Internet access for citizens to remain ignorant of the true amount of corruption. We built a cross-country panel of 124 developing nations t ... more

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Corruption in Africa: A Threat to Justice and Sustainable Peace

Christoph Stückelberger, John Tenamwenye (eds.)

Geneva: Globethics.net (2014), 510 pp.

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Overview of Corruption in the Media in Developing Countries

Mara Mendes

U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre; Transparency International; Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) (2013), 11 pp.

"In developing countries, the media is often confronted by a combination of factors that create fertile grounds for corruption, such as lack of training and technical skills, low professional standards, limited financial resources, opaque or government controlled ownership structures, inadequate and ... more

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ICT for Anti-Corruption, Democracy and Education in East Africa

Stockholm: Spider – The Swedish Program for ICT in Developing Regions (2013), 98 pp.

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Perceptions and Realities of Corruption in South Africa

Iris Wielders

Afrobarometer (2013), 8 pp.

"It is clear that corruption is considered an important issue by South Africans. It is frequently cited as a critical issue facing the country, and many people believe that there are high levels of corruption in various parts of government. At the same time however, the incidence of bribery appears ... more

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Reporting on Corruption: A Resource Tool for Governments and Journalists

United Nations Convention against Corruption

Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2013), 117 pp.

"This Tool is not a true how-to manual, although it offers detailed suggestions from leading journalists on innovative ways to use a vast and growing trove of public records and independent media networks. The flood of information in today’s inter-connected world creates an opportunity for journal ... more

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Measurement Issues and the Relationship Between Media Freedom and Corruption

Lee B. Becker, Teresa K. Naab, Cynthia Englisch, Tudor Vlad

Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia, Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication (2013), 17 pp.

"Advocates for media freedom have consistently argued that corruption goes down when journalists operating in a free media environment are able to expose the excesses of governmental leaders. An evolving body of research finds evidence to support this assertion. Measurement of corruption is a compli ... more

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Theories of Change in Anti-Corruption Work: A Tool for Programme Design and Evaluation

Jesper Johnsøn

Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) (2012), 42 pp.

"Governments and donor agencies are under increasing pressure to show hard evidence that their interventions are effective and good value for money. Anti-corruption is a challenging field in this regard, with few evidence-based models to draw upon, so both the design and the evaluation of programmes ... more

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Assessing Global Inequality of Bribery for News Coverage: A Cross-National Study

Aimei Yang, Shahira Fahmy

Mass Communication & Society, volume 15, issue 2 (2012), pp. 201-225

"Bribery for news coverage has a negative impact on the credibility of media; it also restricts the free flow of information and violates the public's right to know. Further, research showed that there exists considerable inequality among countries in terms of the extent to which bribery for news co ... more

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Global Information Society Watch 2012. The Internet and Corruption: Transparency and Accountability Online

Karen Banks (ed.)

Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2012), 273 pp.

"GISWatch 2012 explores how the internet is being used to ensure transparency and accountability, the challenges that civil society activists face in fighting corruption, and when the internet fails as an enabler of a transparent and fair society. The eight thematic reports and 48 country reports pu ... more

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Role of Media in Uncovering Political Corruption in South Asian Perspective

Farruque Ahmed

Asian Journal of Public Affairs, volume 5, issue 1 (2012), pp. 20-37

"Bangladeshi media have undergone significant changes since the 1990s. Despite a boom in the media industry, journalists are reluctant to uncover the misdeeds of politicians because of threats and torture. The media has been politicised in Bangladesh as media supporting the incumbent party in power ... more

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Government Advertising and Media Coverage of Corruption Scandals

Rafael Di Tella, Ignacio Franceschelli

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, volume 3, issue 4 (2011), pp. 119-151

"We construct measures of the extent to which the four main newspapers in Argentina report government corruption on their front page during the period 1998–2007 and correlate them with government advertising. The correlation is negative. The size is considerable—a one standard deviation increase ... more

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Changing Norms is Key to Fighting Everyday Corruption

Sabina Panth

Washington, DC: World Bank, Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP) (2011), 25, 55 pp.

"Based on CommGAP’s interactions with the global anticorruption community as well as earlier research, we were able to collate 18 representative instances (case studies) from around the world, with real-life examples of citizens coming together to speak up against corruption and social norms vis-� ... more

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Pera Natin ‘To! Citizen Action for Good Governance

Red Batario (ed.)

Quezon City: Philippine Public Transparency Reporting Project (PPTRP) (2011), 154 pp.

"The starting point of PPTRP has been that real and lasting transparency and accountability are best built from the ground up piece by piece and by ordinary people taking their responsibilities as citizens seriously. It is one of the reasons we subtitled the project and website “Pera Natin ‘to!� ... �� (It’s Our Money!). We wanted to help build public ownership in the issue. Our concern was – and remains still today – that changes introduced at the top by one administration – can so easily be taken away by another unless that change is deeply rooted in the ground and in its people. So we believed- and still believe – that real sustainable change in governance comes only from active and continual participation of citizens. It needs action and engagement at both the national and local level. It needs groups, sectors and communities finding new ways of coming and working together to develop new ideas and build new constituencies and avenues for change. It needs to involve and energise all those hundreds of thousands of honest and professional civil servants across the country who for way too long have quietly despaired going to work each day given the failure of leadership in their own departments and agencies. All this required and still requires a combined response that uses new thinking and approaches. It required first and foremost the start of a public literacy campaign around public finances since citizens cannot ever hope to adequately monitor or engage in things that they don’t understand. So it was that we built our project equally around information, education, training, capacity building, networking, advocacy and campaigns. So it was that we worked with people’s organizations, civil society groups, media and ordinary members of the public at one and the same time. We figured that everybody had a role to play in building and securing transparency and accountability – and so everybody should get involved. We started work on a website full of the basics – (www.transparencyreporting.net) accessible and easy to understand information about all aspects of public finance. We assumed little – partly because we knew little ourselves and were learning on the job as we went. We wrote, commissioned and edited material designed to give readers a sense of understanding about how public finances, systems and cycles worked and what kind of issues and problems there were. We tried to identify how and where money was raised and how it was allocated and spent and why and by whom. Invariably it comes down to money. If you can follow the money, you can find the problems and perhaps even help suggest some solutions. We developed training modules too – modules aimed equally at journalists and activists and ordinary members of the public. And we toured around the Philippines going north and as far south as Tawi-Tawi where we were told few groups ever venture. We encouraged people to report allegations of corruption – but equally we sought out instances of where government was working well and deserved highlighting. It is easy to be negative – but far better to be critically constructive. We received many more allegations than we could investigate – in large part because sources were scared even to follow up and meet with us in confidence. Protection for whistle-blowers remains very much a pressing issue today that needs sorting ... While all projects must by necessity always remain above the political fray, we were naturally delighted that as things turned out, the new incoming administration made improving transparency and accountability a primary goal. When an initiative finds itself working in support of government policy, it is always easier. So we were delighted to see the issue of political abuse of public projects taken up as were the appointment of some leading proponents of open government to key positions in the administration. We were very fortunate also for the chance to work closely with officials in several key departments and on various initiatives linked to the national budget. [...] Perhaps one key achievement we might be remembered for, alongside the website which will remain as hopefully a useful resource for those wanting to learn more about public sector finances -- is having set up four local citizen watchdog groups that demonstrate how easy and important it is for ordinary people to get involved and play their part. We hope more groups can follow their lead. People power needs to be much more than a slogan and become a way of life." (Introduction, page 16-19) more

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Corrupción, impunidad, silencio: La guerra contra los periodistas mexicanos

Cara Gibbons, Beth Spratt

Toronto: PEN Canada; International Human Rights Program (IHRP) (2011), 55 pp.

"Este informe examina las razones por las cuales la joven democracia mexicana no ha podido enfrentar las fuentes de su corrupción interna y la larga cultura de evasión e inacción. Vamos también a analizar las fallas del estado a proteger los periodistas de la extrema violencia que ellos enfrenta ... more

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Rahmenrichtlinie zur Förderung von Transparenz und Vermeidung von Korruption = Framework Directive to Promote Transparency and Prevent Corruption

Hamburg: Evangelisches Missionswerk in Deutschland (EMW) (2011), 136 pp.

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Korruption und Transparenz: Rechenschaft in ökumenischen Beziehungen

Hamburg: Evangelisches Missionswerk in Deutschland (EMW) (2011), 136 pp.

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Building Public Support for Anti-Corruption Efforts: Why Anti-Corruption Agencies Need to Communicate and How
Key Guides

Elaine Byrne, Anne-Katrin Arnold, Fumiko Nagano

Washington, DC: World Bank, Communication for Governance and Accountability Program (CommGAP); United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2010), 63 pp.

"This paper provides a practical overview of how an agency may work with the media to win the support of the public in the fight against corruption. The first part explains why anti-corruption agencies need to take the media particularly seriously, how the media communicate, and what effects they ha ... ve on the public. Case studies illustrate all of these points—showing, for instance, how the media can distort the reality of corruption by following their own preformed perceptions of a corruption case. Government agencies can set things straight only by providing sufficient and clear information, and by working closely with the media to ensure the message is accurate. The second part of the paper focuses on the role of public opinion in the fight against corruption. Public opinion can be a powerful tool in promoting an agency’s work—or in bringing about its downfall. If citizens misunderstand the issue, they are unlikely to support the fight against corruption. But if public opinion is in favor of an anti-corruption agency the people are able to change their country’s culture. The media can shape public opinion and, most of all, change norms about corruption. Here is an example: Communication campaigns can show that it not only is illegal to pay bribes to public officials, but also is immoral and does real harm to the community. This message can encourage the public to change the expectation of bribes and to resist demands for them—one more step in the fight against corruption. In India, for instance, anti-corruption efforts led to the printing of the “zero-rupee” note with a picture of Gandhi on its face. These notes were given to bribe seekers to shame them. In the context of public opinion, it also is important that anti-corruption agencies understand the role of journalism and the conditions under which journalists work. Their reporting directly influences the perceptions and opinions of the public. Because of economic and other pressures, journalists often tend to simplify or dramatize stories—and that can produce the wrong perceptions among their audiences. Again, this paper provides real-world stories that show the impact of journalism on public opinion." (Introduction, pages 1-3) more

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Covering Corruption: The Difficulties of Trying to Make a Difference

Rosemary Armao

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 37 pp.

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Cash for Coverage: Bribery of Journalists Around the World

Bill Ristow

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2010), 33 pp.

"With all the organized efforts to support media development and defend press freedom around the world, there has been remarkably little done in any concerted way to reduce the problem of corrupt journalism", states this report. Ristow proposes that international journalism organizations should issu ... more

Building Public Support for Anti-Corruption Efforts: Why Anti-Corruption Agencies Need to Communicate and How Key Guides

Building Public Support for Anti-Corruption Efforts: Why Anti-Corruption Agencies Need to Communicate and How
Key Guides