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Disinformation and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa: Security Implications of AI-Altered Information Environments

Eduardo Albrecht, Eleonore Fournier-Tombs, Rebecca Brubaker

New York, Geneva: United Nations University (UNU) (2024), 39 pp.

"[...] this report aims to further explore the way in which AI technologies as they currently stand impact peace and conflict, and what methods might be used to mitigate their adverse effects - through the development of better tools and the inclusion of peace and conflict considerations in AI gover ... nance frameworks. The report presents the following findings: 1. AI is a driver of disinformation which adversely impacts peacebuilding efforts. 2. There are several ways to mitigate AI-powered disinformation. 3. AI can also be used to promote peacebuilding, although these mechanisms are still in their early stages. In relation to these findings, the report proposes the following recommendations: 1. More funding and support should be provided to civil society organizations’ efforts to expand media literacy and fact-checking initiatives using AI tools to enhance capabilities. 2. Governments need to work with civil society to develop and implement comprehensive, transparent legal frameworks combating disinformation. These legislative measures need to support digital and media literacy campaigns and fact-checking organizations. 3. Social media companies need to expand investment and research into understanding local information environments, so they can better identify and respond to instances of disinformation in all contexts in which they operate and enhance transparency. 4. Peacebuilding organizations need to carefully consider local media ecosystems and information environments when conducting conflict analyses, and factor these dynamics into their projects’ frameworks. Currently, disinformation exacerbates existing grievances and polarization, can act as a trigger for violence, leads individuals to make decisions based on false information, and creates or intensifies mistrust of institutions and international peacebuilding efforts. The efforts of journalists and civil society organizations to combat these effects, primarily through media literacy initiatives and factchecking, cannot keep up with the scope and scale of ‘fake news.’ Generative AI will increase the rate at which false content is produced and disseminated, and the quality or ‘believability’ of such content. Governments, civil society, and social media companies must work in tandem to combat the spread of disinformation and the impact it can have on peacebuilding efforts and security in sub-Saharan Africa." (Executive summary) more

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Continental Artificial Intelligence Strategy: Harnessing AI for Africa’s Development and Prosperity

African Union (2024), 63 pp.

"For Africa, AI has the potential to significantly impact the attainment of Agenda 2063 Aspirations and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is seen as a driving force for positive change, socio-economic transformation and cultural renaissance. AI can stimulate economic growth, create new in ... more

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Bridging awareness and resistance: Using algorithmic knowledge against controversial content

Dragos M. Obreja

Big Data & Society, issue October–December (2024), 13 pp.

"Political and moral/religious contents are increasingly popular on TikTok, and the concerns associated with them create the premises for a re-exploration of the user–machine agency negotiation. Using algorithmic awareness as a process, this research examines the relationship between users’ awar ... more

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How Artificial Intelligence is Changing Media and Journalism in Central Europe: A study mapping the use of AI by newsrooms in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia

Marius Dragomir (ed.)

Thomson Foundation; Media and Journalism Research Center (MJRC) (2024), 18 pp.

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AI in Journalism Futures. Initial Report

David Caswell, Shuwei Fang

New York: Open Society Foundations (2024), 56 pp.

"The AI in Journalism Futures (AIJF) project explored how artificial intelligence (AI) might fundamentally transform our information ecosystem over the next five to 15 years. Engaging nearly 1,000 global participants, including journalists, technologists, academics, and civil society advocates, the ... project’s objective was to understand the range of possibilities for long-term impact of AI on journalism using a scenario planning approach. An open call for applications produced short scenarios from 880 participants, from which 40 were selected to participate in a scenario planning workshop held in Piedmont, Italy, in April 2024. This workshop facilitated the refinement of five robust and plausible future scenarios. The five key scenarios developed were: “Machines in the Middle,” in which AI-driven newsgathering and news production enables newsrooms to operate essentially without human journalists; “Power Flows to Those Who Know Your Needs,” emphasizing the shift of power to those who best understand individual information needs in an AI-empowered information ecosystem; “Omniscience for Me, Noise for You,” depicting a societal divide where some are super-empowered by AI while others may be overwhelmed by distracting or low value information; “AI with Its Own Agency and Power,” envisioning AI systems operating in the information ecosystem with minimal human oversight; and “AI on a Leash,” in which societal or regulatory constraints limit AI’s transformative potential. The workshop produced near-unanimous agreement that AI would fundamentally transform the information ecosystem, but also difficulty in articulating specifically how this transformation might occur, with participants often defaulting to extensions of the status quo. There was considerable skepticism about the ability of traditional journalism institutions to adapt successfully to an AI-driven future, and participants tended to envision coming changes in terms of power shifts away from journalists, with little attention to how those changes might increase or decrease value for audiences. The results of the AIJF workshop underscore the urgency for stakeholders in journalism and civic information to engage in long-term planning and adaptation strategies to effectively navigate the coming AI-mediated information ecosystem. The scenarios and insights provided aim to guide these efforts, offering a foundation for understanding and thinking about journalism’s AI future." (Executive summary) more

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Pop Quiz! Guess the Number of Responsible AI and Data Guides in Humanitarian Aid

Wayan Vota

ICTworks, December 13 (2024)

"A quick search found 53 published documents with guidance on the ethical and responsible use of AI, data, or digital technology in humanitarian contexts. Many of these initiatives are relatively recent, reflecting the growing awareness of data privacy and AI transparency." (Introduction)

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Inteligência Artificial & Igreja: Reflexões a Partir da Mensagem do Papa Francisco para o 58° Dia Mundial das Comunicações Sociais 2024

Aline Amaro da Silva, Claudenir Modolo, Joana T. Puntel, Marcus Tullius, Magali Cunha, Moisés Sbardelotto, Ricardo Alvarenga

Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB); CNBB Grupo de Reflexão sobre Comunicação (Grecom); Pascom Brasil (2024), 76 pp.

"[...] a reflexão proposta pelo Papa Francisco para o Dia Mundial das Comunicações Sociais de 2024 é crucial para a ação evangelizadora da Igreja.[2] A partir do tema “Inteligência artificial e sabedoria do coração: para uma comunicação plenamente humana”, somos convidados a refletir ... sobre os impactos da inteligência artificial em nossa comunicação pessoal, social e eclesial, buscando sempre uma comunicação integralmente humana e humanizadora. A mensagem de Francisco nos leva a compreender que, em meio às inovações tecnológicas, nossa reflexão e ação devem partir do coração humano. A sabedoria do coração, entendida como a virtude que nos permite combinar o todo com as partes, as grandezas com as fragilidades, é essencial para interpretar a novidade do nosso tempo e encontrar o caminho para uma comunicação verdadeiramente humana. Diante das novas possibilidades e desafios trazidos pela IA, é fundamental questionarmos de que forma ela afetará a sociedade, a comunicação e também as igrejas. Será que a IA construirá novas castas baseadas na dominação informacional, gerando desigualdades e exploração? Ou, ao contrário, promoverá mais igualdade, informações corretas e maior consciência da transição de época que estamos atravessando? Para Francisco, “a resposta não está escrita; depende de nós”. Compete a nós, comunicadoras e comunicadores da mensagem de Jesus, decidir se permitiremos que a IA nos reduza a meros “funcionários algorítmicos” ou se nutriremos nossos corações com a liberdade que vem do Espírito, imprescindível para o crescimento na sabedoria. Para isso, devemos buscar “a Sabedoria que existe antes de todas as coisas”, como afirma o Papa. Este subsídio, produzido pelo Grupo de Reflexão sobre Comunicação (Grecom) da Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), tem como objetivo oferecer uma reflexão sobre a mensagem do Papa Francisco deste ano e suas implicações para a comunicação católica no Brasil. Como parte essencial da Comissão Episcopal para a Comunicação Social, o Grecom tem a missão de refletir, estudar e pesquisar a comunicação, oferecendo subsídios que contribuam para uma comunicação mais humana, ética e responsável, a serviço da evangelização e da sociedade. Este subsídio está subdividido em seis seções, baseadas nas principais ideias apresentadas por Francisco em sua mensagem e também desdobrando-as a partir das contribuições do campo da Comunicação. Primeiramente, apresentamos uma definição geral do conceito de IA. Em seguida, repassamos oportunidades e perigos trazidos à tona por essa inovação. Frente a isso, destacamos alguns imperativos éticos que o desenvolvimento da IA suscita no agir humano. Depois, refletimos sobre a IA à luz do magistério da Igreja, particularmente do Papa Francisco. Com base nisso, indicamos alguns desafios e também possibilidades pastorais na relação da Igreja com os sistemas de IA. Por fim, levantamos algumas interrogações ainda em aberto na atualidade, que solicitam uma reflexão-ação constante rumo ao futuro que já estamos construindo hoje." (Introduçao, páginas 5-7) more

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption by Journalists in Zambia: Survey Report

Teldah Mawarire, Meck Phiri (eds.)

USAID; FHI 360; Internews (2024), 12 pp.

"The survey report of 70 Zambian media professionals found that 60% of journalists use AI tools, with chatbots, image and video analysis, and automated content generation being the most utilized tools. Although AI tools might have improve efficiency, some respondents found the integration process to ... more

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Der Gedanken-Code

Janosch Delcker

München: C.H.Beck (2024), 206 pp.

"Rund um die Welt kombinieren Firmen und Forschende künstliche Intelligenz mit Erkenntnissen aus der Hirnforschung. Ihr Ziel: den Code unseres Denkens zu knacken und zu verstehen, was in uns vorgeht. Schon bald werden ihre Technologien in viele Bereiche unseres Lebens vordringen. Das birgt enorme C ... more

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AI and the future of journalism: An issue brief for stakeholders

Anya Schiffrin

Paris: UNESCO (2024), 18 pp.

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How InkubaLM is Revolutionizing Locally-Led Development in Africa

Wayan Vota

ICTworks, September 26 (2024)

"Language diversity on the African continent is both a cultural strength and a technological challenge. With over 2,000 spoken languages, mainstream artificial intelligence tools have largely ignored the vast majority of African languages, creating a significant barrier to the full participation of ... more

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Mapping Scholarship on Algorithmic Bias: Conceptualization, Empirical Results, and Ethical Concerns

Seungahn Nah, Jun Luo, Jungseock Joo

International Journal of Communication, volume 18 (2024), pp. 548-569

"As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more seamlessly integrated into our social life, the unfair outcomes and ethical issues associated with AI and its subtechnologies have been widely discussed in scholarly work across disciplines in recent years. This study provides an overview of the conceptu ... more

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Digital Agriculture: A Standards Snapshot

ITU-FAO Focus Group on AI and IoT for Digital Agriculture

Geneva: ITU (2024), xi, 14 pp.

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Analysing the US-China “AI Cold War” Narrative

Richard Heeks, Yujia He

Manchester: Centre for Digital Development (2024), 13 pp.

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Regulatory Mapping on Artificial Intelligence in Latin America: Regional AI Public Policy Report

Franco Giandana Gigena

Access Now (2024), 90 pp.

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AI as a Public Good: Ensuring Democratic Control of AI in the Information Space. Policy Framework

Forum on Information & Democracy (2024), 140 pp.

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Haarlem Declaration: Championing AI for Advancing Inclusive, Safe, and Reliable Digital Media Spaces!

RNW Media (2024), 11 pp.

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AI and natural disaster analysis: Needs analysis during disaster using Artificial Intelligence by Citibeats, February 2018 - September 2021

Citibeats; UNESCO (2024), 21 pp.

"The main conclusions drawn from the analysis of online opinions during natural disasters in Africa are highlighted below: ● Climate change is one of the main concerns of the African population in recent years. This climate problem is considered to be causing more and greater natural disasters on ... more

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Artificial Intelligence and International Cultural Relations: Challenges and Opportunities for Cross-Sector Collaboration

Octavio Kulesz

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2024), 120 pp.

"The integration of AI systems has profoundly transformed multiple dimensions of international cultural relations (ICR). Notably, changes in recent years have accentuated imbalances among languages, affected the situation of cultural sectors, and impacted the integrity of information while also prov ... more

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AI Extremism: Technologies, Tactics, Actors

Stephane J. Baele, Lewys Brace

VOX-Pol Network of Excellence (2024), 79 pp.