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Journals
Output Type
Cyber Troops, Online Manipulation of Public Opinion and Co-Optation of Indonesia’s Cybersphere
Singapore: ISEAS (2022), 27 pp.
"Organized propaganda and public opinion manipulation are increasing in Indonesia’s cybersphere. Specifically, since 2019, there has been a marked rise of cyber troop campaigns that serve to mobilize public consensus for controversial government policies. Cyber troop operations played a crucial ro
...
A Strategy for Effective Counterspeech Against Online Hate and Disinformation in Sri Lanka
Dehiwala: National Christian Evangelical Alliance of Sri Lanka (NCEASL) (2022), 78 pp.
"This strategy, prepared through a consultative process, identifies some approaches and interventions in counter speech in the context of Sri Lanka's socio-political realities. It is meant to help streamline and scale up various efforts already being pursued by different individuals or groups. The f
...
Ukrainekrieg auf Telegram: Rechtsextremer Knotenpunkt für Desinformationen und Verschwörungserzählungen
Mainz: jugendschutz.net (2022), 9 pp.
"Seit Beginn des russischen Angriffskriegs gegen die Ukraine im Februar 2022 nutzen Rechtsextreme die Ereignisse und Entwicklungen für ihre Propaganda. Dabei lassen sich sowohl pro-ukrainische als auch prorussische Positionierungen beobachten. Insbesondere werden gezielt Desinformationen und Versch
...
A Human Rights Approach to Tackle Disinformation: Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Amnesty International (2022), 16 pp.
"Instead of criminalising or otherwise silencing people to address misinformation and disinformation, States should step up their efforts to ensure credible, reliable, objective, evidence-based and accessible information is disseminated to all." (Back cover)
A Systematic Literature Review on Fake News in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can AI Propose a Solution?
Applied Sciences (MDPI), volume 12, issue 12727 (2022), 19 pp.
"This paper aims to unpack a structured overview of previous research topics and findings and identify gaps. Our goal in this systematic review is to (a) synthesize the selected earlier studies, (b) offer researchers a structural framework for future COVID-19 and fake news research, and (c) recommen
...
Psychological Inoculation Improves Resilience Against Misinformation on Social Media
Science Advances, volume 8, issue 34 (2022), 12 pp.
"Online misinformation continues to have adverse consequences for society. Inoculation theory has been put forward as a way to reduce susceptibility to misinformation by informing people about how they might be misinformed, but its scalability has been elusive both at a theoretical level and a pract
...
History Under Attack: Holocaust Denial and Distortion on Social Media
Deep Insights
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 68 pp.
"This publication is the first report from UNESCO and the United Nations to specifically address Holocaust denial and distortion. It details the ways in which social media is fertile ground for hate and prejudice - and proposes actions we can take in response. Based on the data of billions of Facebo
...
Addressing Conspiracy Theories: What Teachers Need to Know
Key Guides
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 18 pp.
"This document is a first introduction for educators, working in and outside of formal schooling, on how to identify, prevent and address conspiracy theories in education settings. It seeks to provide educators with key definitions and essential knowledge to grasp the complexity of the phenomenon an
...
Deception as a Bridging Concept in the Study of Disinformation, Misinformation, and Misperceptions: Toward a Holistic Framework
Communication Theory, volume 32, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-24
"We propose deception as a bridging concept that will enhance the study of misinformation, disinformation, and misperceptions. As we set it out here, the concept integrates insights from multiple social science disciplines and uniquely connects actors’ intentions, information, and attitudinal or b
...
Putin's Disinformation & Misinformation Campaign
EUROPEUM (2022), 12 pp.
"Disinformation and misinformation have been amplified in the digital age. In order to combat their increasing presence in our everyday lives, we have to first educate ourselves on what disinformation is. In this post, Jakub Ferencik looks at this question in some detail, primarily by analyzing Vlad
...
Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review
Journal of Medical Internet Research, volume 24, issue 8: e37367 (2022), 20 pp.
"We aimed to synthesize the existing research on misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines spread on social media platforms and its effects. The secondary aim was to gain insight and gather knowledge about whether misinformation about autism and COVID-19 vaccines is being spread on social media platfor
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Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation
New York: Brennan Center for Justice (2022), 39 pp.
"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c
...
Digital Enquirer Kit: Guidebook
Tactical Tech (2022), 26 pp.
"The Digital Enquirer Kit is an e-learning course focused on preventing the spread of misinformation. The course covers media literacy, verification, as well as how to navigate the internet and research safely. This e-learning course was written for civil society activists, human rights defenders, i
...
Fact-Checking Initiatives in Portuguese Language Countries: Checking Methods and Financing Strategies
Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 3 (2022), pp. 600-625
"This work examines more closely the standardizing and the customizing aspects of active factchecking outlets in Portuguese-speaking countries, focusing on the verification methods and organizational models in use. Based on Content Analysis, we collected manually 318 posts during June 2019 from each
...
Protecting the truth: Peace operations and disinformation
Berlin: Center for International Peace Operations (2022), 18 pp.
"This study discusses how and to what extent peace operations are affected by digital disinformation and how international organisations (UN, EU, OSCE and NATO) as mandating bodies for peace operations have responded to limit the effect of disinformation or even prevent it. Based on this assessment
...
Content Moderation and Local Stakeholders in Indonesia
London: Article 19 (2022), 77 pp.
"This research has shown that in the midst of the complex and diverse cultural context of Indonesia, growing use and misuse of social media in the country, and the complexity of ‘grey-area’ problematic content in the country, there has been a lack of meaningful and continuous dialogue between pl
...
Technique-Based Inoculation Against Real-World Misinformation
Royal Society Open Science, volume 9, issue 211719 (2022), 13 pp.
"In recent years, numerous psychological interventions have been developed to reduce susceptibility to misinformation. Inoculation theory has become an increasingly common framework for reducing susceptibility to both individual examples of misinformation (issue-based inoculation) and to the techniq
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"The largest-ever analysis of Google’s ad practices on non-English-language websites reveals how the tech giant makes disinformation profitable." (Introduction)
The Role of Religions and Conspiracy Theories in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes
Politics and Governance, volume 10, issue 4 (2022), pp. 132-242
"This thematic issue asks about the role of religions and religious actors and conspiracy theories/theorists in democratic and authoritarian regimes in general. Special attention is given to the current Covid]19 pandemic, since the relevant state of emergency obviously endorses the persuasiveness
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