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Journals
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#DefendPressFreedom: Paradigm Repair, Role Perceptions and Filipino Journalists’ Counterstrategies to Anti-Media Populism and Delegitimizing Threats
Journalism Studies, volume 23, issue 16 (2022), pp. 2078-2096
"Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 Filipino reporters and editors from three influential media outlets that then President Rodrigo Duterte targeted as enemies – the broadcaster ABS-CBN, the newspaper Philippine Daily Inquirer, and the website Rappler – this paper offers novel i
...
Shadow Forces: Hidden Malign Domestic and Foreign "Grey Zone" Media Influence in Central-Eastern Europe
Political Capital Institute (2022), 39 pp.
"This paper is the summary of the results of a research project lasting over six months, covering domestic and foreign hidden malign influence activities pursued through the so-called "grey zone" media in three countries - the Czech Republic, Serbia and Hungary -, during a period of heightened inter
...
Disinformation Against UN Peacekeeping Operations
New York: International Peace Institute (IPI) (2022), 15 pp.
"Over the past few years, a growing barrage of disinformation has targeted UN peacekeeping operations, particularly the missions in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), Mali (MINUSMA), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). This includes false allegations that UN peacekeepers are tra
...
We Love to Hate George Soros: A Cross-Platform Analysis of the Globalism Conspiracy Theory Campaign in Brazil
Convergence, volume 28, issue 4 (2022), pp. 983–1006
"The proliferation of conspiracy theories surrounding George Soros and the ‘Globalist invasion’ had been concentrated primarily in Eastern Europe, Russia and the United States. However, since Jair Bolsonaro’s presidential victory in Brazil, Soros has become a target of the far-right in the cou
...
Comunicação e ciência: Reflexões sobre a desinformação
São Paulo: Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (2022), 476 pp.
"Como indica o título do livro há em seus 21 textos diversos cenários que se apresentam em torno daquilo que conceitualmente é definido como “desinformação”, ou seja, reflexões sobre o nosso tempo concomitante de vida em que se dá crédito a teorias absurdas, se reescreve o passado a par
...
Disinformation, Hoaxes, Curation and Verification: Review of Studies in Ibero-America 2017-2020
Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 3 (2022), pp. 648-668
"This article is aligned with the recommendations of the main international organizations that fight against disinformation and infodemic, providing a review work that can be useful for researchers, professionals and scholars of the subject. Review articles like this one also help to establish futur
...
Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation: State-Aligned Information Operations and the Distortion of the Public Sphere
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2022), 28 pp.
"In light of the role played by state-aligned actors, the private sector and lawmakers in countries with strong democratic institutions should adopt policies that mitigate the ability of state actors to manipulate AI and weaponize communication platforms. Efforts to combat disinformation must recogn
...
Solidarity Through Cynicism? The Influence of Russian Conspiracy Narratives Abroad
International Studies Quarterly, issue 66, sqac012 (2022), 14 pp.
"As conspiracy theories have become a popular form of political discourse worldwide, states have promoted conspiratorial ideas to advance their foreign policy goals. Yet, despite recent attention to the spread of propaganda abroad, scholars have not addressed whether and how conspiracy theories spre
...
Russische Medien in Deutschland. Die Bundestagswahlen 2021 – Zwischen Einflussnahme und Desinformation
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2022), 29 pp.
"Während in Russland immer mehr unabhängige Medien der staatlichen Kontrolle unterworfen und als „ausländische Agenten“ gebrandmarkt werden, nutzen die russischen Staatsmedien die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit in Deutschland, um ungehindert Desinformation zu verbreiten. Nach acht Jahren Berich
...
Demystifying Disinformation Shadow Economies: Fake News Work Models in Indonesia and the Philippines
Asian Journal of Communication, volume 32, issue 3 (2022), pp. 251-267
"[...] this article contributes ethnographically grounded and comparative research of two democratic Southeast Asian countries dealing with urgent threats to media freedom and democracy: Indonesia and the Philippines. Our research identifies the main disinformation work models in Southeast Asia, mos
...
"The largest-ever analysis of Google’s ad practices on non-English-language websites reveals how the tech giant makes disinformation profitable." (Introduction)
Counter Digital Revolution, Disinformation, and Journalistic Constraints in Arab Media
Journalism Research, volume 5, issue 3 (2022), pp. 234-252
"The spread of social media platforms ushered the beginning of an unprecedented communication era, which is borderless, immediate, widespread, and defies restrictions and censorship. Digital technology aided the spread of democracy and freedom of expression and helped to overthrow some Arab regimes
...
Infodemics and Health Misinformation: A Systematic Review of Reviews
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, volume 100, issue 9 (2022), pp. 544-561
"Our search identified 31 systematic reviews, of which 17 were published. The proportion of health-related misinformation on social media ranged from 0.2% to 28.8%. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and Instagram are critical in disseminating the rapid and far-reaching information. The most negative conseq
...
Disentangling untruths online: Creators, spreaders and how to stop them
Paris: OECD (2022), 38 pp.
"While false rumours, inaccurate reporting, and conspiracy theories have existed for as long as there were people to create and spread them, the Internet has reshaped and amplified the ability to produce and perpetuate false and misleading content. Stopping the creators and spreaders of untruths onl
...
Russian Disinformation Efforts on Social Media
Santa Monica: RAND Corporation (2022), xviii, 202 pp.
"We sought to better understand Russia's disinformation on social media and generate recommendations to better meet and counter this evolving threat. We relied on an analysis of Russian military literature, investigative efforts, official reports, academic and policy literature, media reporting, and
...
Liquid Disinformation Tactics: Overcoming Social Media Countermeasures through Misleading Content
Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 8 (2022), pp. 1537-1558
"Social media have led to profound transformations in the media ecosystem and new communication dynamics. Such platforms have become a competitive source of information and played a decisive role in facilitating the dissemination of false or misleading content, with a particular impact on recent ele
...
A Human Rights Approach to Tackle Disinformation: Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
Amnesty International (2022), 16 pp.
"Instead of criminalising or otherwise silencing people to address misinformation and disinformation, States should step up their efforts to ensure credible, reliable, objective, evidence-based and accessible information is disseminated to all." (Back cover)
Fake news during the pandemic times: A systematic literature review using PRISMA
Open Information Science, volume 6 (2022), pp. 49-60
"The purpose of this systematic literature review is to review the major studies about misinformation and fake news during COVID-19 on social media. A total of 144 articles studies were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and 20 relevant articles were selected using th
...
Brazil's Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation: Strategic Plan Elections 2022
Brasilia: Brazil Superior Electoral Court; Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) (2022), 61 pp.
"The actions to be developed are distributed in three axes: (i) Inform, aimed at the dissemination of official, reliable and quality information; (ii) Empower, aimed at media literacy and training the whole of society to understand the phenomenon of disinformation and the functioning of the electora
...
Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation
New York: Brennan Center for Justice (2022), 39 pp.
"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c
...
