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Liquid Disinformation Tactics: Overcoming Social Media Countermeasures through Misleading Content

Ricardo Ribeiro Ferreira

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 8 (2022), pp. 1537-1558

"Social media have led to profound transformations in the media ecosystem and new communication dynamics. Such platforms have become a competitive source of information and played a decisive role in facilitating the dissemination of false or misleading content, with a particular impact on recent ele ... more

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The detection of political deepfakes

Markus Appel, Fabian Prietzel

Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, volume 27, issue 4, zmac008 (2022), 13 pp.

"In this article, a theoretical model on the detection of deepfakes by ordinary citizens is introduced. The authors conducted three studies in which deepfakes with political content were presented. The deepfakes showed UK’s Prime Minister Boris Johnson or Barack Obama. In the deepfake videos, the ... more

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Talking to Trolls—How Users Respond to a Coordinated Information Operation and Why They’re so Supportive

Darren L. Linvill, Patrick L. Warren, Amanda E. Moore

Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, volume 27, issue 1, zmab022 (2022), 19 pp.

"Through this research we gained insight into tactics employed by state-backed social media disinformation. With that goal, we explored user interactions with inauthentic Twitter accounts. We used multiple procedures to measure the ways in which users talked with and about the accounts employed by t ... more

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Deception as a Bridging Concept in the Study of Disinformation, Misinformation, and Misperceptions: Toward a Holistic Framework

Andrew Chadwick, James Stanyer

Communication Theory, volume 32, issue 1 (2022), pp. 1-24

"We propose deception as a bridging concept that will enhance the study of misinformation, disinformation, and misperceptions. As we set it out here, the concept integrates insights from multiple social science disciplines and uniquely connects actors’ intentions, information, and attitudinal or b ... more

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Mistake or Manipulation? Conceptualizing Perceived Mis- and Disinformation among News Consumers in 10 European Countries

Michael Hameleers, Anna Brosius, Franziska Marquardt, Andreas C. Goldberg, Erika van Elsas, Claes H. de Vreese

Communication Research, volume 49, issue 7 (2022), pp. 919-941

"In the midst of heated debates surrounding the veracity and honesty of communication, scholarly attention has turned to the conceptualization of mis- and disinformation on the supply-side of (political) communication. Yet, we lack systematic research on the conceptualization of perceived mis- and d ... more

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"Fake News" in Literatur und Medien: Fakten und Fiktionen im interdisziplinären Diskurs

Amelie Bendheim, Jennifer Pavlik (eds.)

Bielefeld: transcript (2022), 235 pp.

"Fake News" sind aus privaten wie politischen Unterhaltungen nicht mehr wegzudenken und erfahren mit der omnipräsenten Nutzung digitaler Kommunikationskanäle eine geradezu inflationäre Verbreitung. Die Beiträger*innen diskutieren vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Disziplinen der Humanities Forme ... more

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Gender-based Disinformation 101: Theory, Examples, and Need for Regulation

Rita Jonusaite, Maria Giovanna Sessa, Kristina Wilfore, Lucina Di Meco

EU Disinfo Lab;#ShePersisted (2022), 5 pp.

"This Technical Document is the result of a collaboration between EU DisinfoLab and #ShePersisted. It offers a short and practical toolbox of what should be considered when speaking of gender-based disinformation." (Page 3)

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A Treatment for Viral Deception? Automated Moderation of COVID-19 Disinformation

Julia Haas

Universität Innsbruck (2022), 110 pp.

"This paper examines responses to disinformation, in particular those involving automated tools, from a human rights perspective. It provides an introduction to current automated content moderation and curation practices, and to the interrelation between the digital information ecosystem and the phe ... more

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Youth and Disinformation in Malaysia: Strengthening Electoral Integrity

Korbkusol Neelapaichit, Ekmongkhon Puridej, Pemtat Chanhom (ed.)

Bangkog: Asia Centre (2022), vii, 44 pp.

"In 2022, internet penetration and social platform usage reached an all-time high – 43.4% of the total population who use the internet are youth aged between 15-24 years. Youth voters have explicitly become a major target of political parties and their campaign messages. We can expect social media ... more

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Brazil's Electoral Justice Permanent Program on Countering Disinformation: Strategic Plan Elections 2022

Aline Rezende Peres Osorio, Frederico Franco Alvim, Giselly Siqueira et al.

Brasilia: Brazil Superior Electoral Court;Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) (2022), 61 pp.

"The actions to be developed are distributed in three axes: (i) Inform, aimed at the dissemination of official, reliable and quality information; (ii) Empower, aimed at media literacy and training the whole of society to understand the phenomenon of disinformation and the functioning of the electora ... l process; and (iii) Respond, related to the identification of cases of disinformation and the adoption of strategies, both preventive and repressive, to contain its negative effects. For the 2022 electoral cycle, the first axis has five projects with their own purposes and goals. They are: (i) mass dissemination network of truthful and official information about elections and the Electoral Justice; (ii) chatbot – electoral queries on WhatsApp; (iii) access, dissemination and enhancement of the scope of fact checking on the electoral process; (iv) deepening electoral transparency; (v) development and improvement of other technological tools and digital channels to disseminate true and quality information. In this strategic point, the Court’s action is guided by the preferential position of freedom of expression, in the legal system, by encouraging plurality of information. Likewise, information actions meet the recommendations for “prophylactic” prebunking actions (that is, strategies to reduce citizens’ susceptibility to disinformation by exposing examples of how disinformation operates). The second axis, in turn, includes seven initiatives: (i) training for internal and external audiences on disinformation, on the integrity of Brazilian elections and on the fundamentality of the Electoral Justice as an institution that guarantees democracy; (ii) prevention of the mental health of members, agents and collaborators of the Electoral Justice who deal directly with actions to contain disinformation; (iii) training the internal and external public on the electoral process, including the functions performed by it in the context of the democratic rule of Law; (iv) awareness campaigns on disinformation and media and information education actions for the external public; (v) cooperation and actions to enhance reaching partners’ media and information literacy initiatives; (vi) dialog with political parties and party federations to make them aware of their responsibility in the context of fighting against disinformation; (vii) support to other public institutions to implement actions to confronting disinformation. Finally, the response axis encompasses eight projects: (i) permanent coalition for verification; (ii) engagement of digital platforms and their technological resources in confronting structured networks of disinformation and inauthentic behavior; (iii) reporting channel for mass shooting of content in partnership with WhatsApp; (iv) creating a network to monitor disinformation practices against the electoral process; (v) containment of disinformation on Telegram; (vi) partnership and dialog with the Federal Police and the Electoral Prosecutor Office; (vii) Strategic Cyberintelligence Committee and (viii) review and elaboration of norms that acts against the practice of disinformation in the Electoral Justice, as a way of preventing the phenomenon in question. Concerning to this point, the planning met the parameters of timely response, appreciation of fact checking, importance of engagement and transparency of platforms, as well as the expansion and improvement of channels for complaints." (Presentation, page 5-6) more

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Digital Enquirer Kit: Guidebook

Denisse Albornoz, Yiorgos Bagakis, Safa Ghnaim Andira et al.

Tactical Tech (2022), 26 pp.

"The Digital Enquirer Kit is an e-learning course focused on preventing the spread of misinformation. The course covers media literacy, verification, as well as how to navigate the internet and research safely. This e-learning course was written for civil society activists, human rights defenders, i ... more

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Deadly Disinformation: How Online Conspiracies About Syria Cause Real-World Harm

Syria Campaign;Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD);Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 27 pp.

"Since Syrians took to the streets more than 11 years ago demanding freedom from decades of dictatorship, the Syrian regime has used violence and disinformation as tools to silence those who dare to oppose it, especially those brave enough to expose the war crimes being committed. Civilians, doctors ... more

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Media Literacy, Disinformation & Misinformation in the Caribbean

Public Media Alliance;UNESCO;Media Institute of the Caribbean;Association of Caribbean Media Workers (2022), 78 pp.

"This situation report herein analyses media and information literacy (MIL), disinformation, and trust in news across the Caribbean. It contains country reports from eight researchers, covering eight Caribbean nations: the Bahamas, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Su ... more

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A systematic literature review and existing challenges toward fake news detection models

Minal Nirav Shah, Amit Ganatra

Social Network Analysis and Mining, volume 12, issue 168 (2022), 21 pp.

"This paper aims to conduct a review on fake news detection models that is contributed by a variety of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The fundamental and well-performing approaches that existed in the past years are reviewed and categorized and described in different datasets. Furthe ... more

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Verification, monitoring and responsible reporting in an age of information disorder: A guide for practitioners in Southeast Asia

Anne Kruger, Esther Chan, Stevie Zhang

UNESCO International Programme for the Development of Communications (IPDC) (2022), 41 pp.

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Study Days Program Book

Signis World Congress 2022

Seoul: Signis Korea (2022), 108 pp.

"Study days is one of the most important programs to communicate the meaning of SIGNIS World Congress. In Seoul, we have keynote speakers, panel speakers and discussants participating from fifteen countries to discuss 'Peace in the Digital World', the theme of the World Congress, composed of three s ... more

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Countering digital authoritarianism: Strengthening civil society capacity to reduce disinformation and digital authoritarianism in Iraq

Arlington, VA: Management Systems International;USAID (2022), 40 pp.

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Russian Disinformation Efforts on Social Media

Elina Treyger, Joe Cheravitch, Raphael S. Cohen

Santa Monica: RAND Corporation (2022), xviii, 202 pp.

"We sought to better understand Russia's disinformation on social media and generate recommendations to better meet and counter this evolving threat. We relied on an analysis of Russian military literature, investigative efforts, official reports, academic and policy literature, media reporting, and ... more

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The Role of Religions and Conspiracy Theories in Democratic and Authoritarian Regimes

Oliver Hidalgo, Alexander Yendell (eds.)

Politics and Governance, volume 10, issue 4 (2022), pp. 132-242

"This thematic issue asks about the role of religions and religious actors and conspiracy theories/theorists in democratic and authoritarian regimes in general. Special attention is given to the current Covid]19 pandemic, since the relevant state of emergency obviously endorses the persuasiveness ... more

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Deny, Deceive, Delay: Documenting and Responding to Climate Disinformation at COP26 and Beyond

Jennie King, Lukasz Janulewicz, Francesca Arcostanzo

Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD);CASM Technology (2022), 115 pp.

"In February 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) took an unprecedented step, citing mis- and disinformation and the “politicization of science” as key barriers to action. For the first time, a document accepted by all Member Governments stated that rhetoric from “vested ... more