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Patient Zero: A Study on the Philippine Information Ecosystem

Rappler Research Team

Internews (2022), 115 pp.

"To illustrate the dynamics of the digital information ecosystem and how disinformation is seeded within this environment, Rappler explored cascades around the following themes: war on drugs, attacks against the press, and messaging around Martial Law and authoritarian rule. The themes were selected ... more

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Disinformation studies: Perspectives from an emerging field

João Carlos Correia, Pedro Jerónimo, Inês Amaral (eds.)

Covilhã: Universidade da Beira Interior;LabCom (2022), 299 pp.

"It all started at the ECREA 2021 Post Conference “Disinformation Studies: Perspectives to An Emerging Research Field”, which took place online, on September 10, 2021. The debate there quickly widened and was joined by other colleagues. The book that we bring you here is the result of part of th ... more

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Artificial Intelligence and Disinformation: State-Aligned Information Operations and the Distortion of the Public Sphere

Courtney Radsch

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2022), 28 pp.

"In light of the role played by state-aligned actors, the private sector and lawmakers in countries with strong democratic institutions should adopt policies that mitigate the ability of state actors to manipulate AI and weaponize communication platforms. Efforts to combat disinformation must recogn ... more

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Good Practice Principles for Public Communication Responses to Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guidance

Craig Matasick, Carlotta Alfonsi et al.

Paris: OECD (2022), 43 pp.

"1. Institutionalisation: Governments should consolidate interventions into coherent approaches guided by official communication and data policies, standards and guidelines [...] 2. Public interest driven: Public communication should strive to be independent from politicization in implementing inter ... more

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MENA Monitor: Arabic COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Online

Ciarán O'Connor, Moustafa Ayad

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 19 pp.

"Conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and the subsequent development and rollout of COVID-19 vaccines are rampant across Arabic-language Facebook pages and groups. They are also linked to a larger network of anti-vaccination websites, Twitter accounts and YouTube channels across the web. Researchers f ... more

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WorldCat (8)

Data Science for Fake News: Surveys and Perspective

Deepak P., Tanmoy Chakraborty, Cheng Long, Santhosh Kumar G.

Cham: Springer (2021), xiv, 302 pp.

"This book provides an overview of fake news detection, both through a variety of tutorial-style survey articles that capture advancements in the field from various facets and in a somewhat unique direction through expert perspectives from various disciplines. The approach is based on the idea that ... more

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El periodismo ante la desinformación

Andrés Martínez Zalamea, Daniel Marquínez Fernández, Karen De la Hoz Rodríguez

Cartagena: Fundación Gabo (2021), 66 pp.

"Este libro digital descargable de la Fundación Gabo es una macro-relatoría, un esfuerzo por sintetizar y difundir el conocimiento emanado de una serie de actividades -talleres, clases magistrales, charlas- que llevamos a cabo en el marco del Festival Gabo 2020, el cual tuvo como uno de sus temas ... more

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Information Dystopia and Philippine Democracy: Protecting the Public Sphere from Disinformation
Top Insights

Yvonne T. Chua, Nicole Curato, Jonathan Corpus Ong

Internews (2021), 98 pp.

"The Philippines is one of the first countries where the potential for online disinformation threats to undermine democratic processes, especially during elections, was noticed [...] This report takes a deep look at an online survey that Internews conducted, explores the cultural and emotional dimen ... more

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Disinformation in Iraqi Media

Aida Al-Kaisy

London: LSE Middle East Centre;Conflict Research Programme (CRP) (2021), 21 pp.

"This paper examines the key narratives of disinformation that are prevalent in Iraqi media. It provides an analysis of the messages, agents, intentions and impact of the spread of disinformation. Focusing particularly on the period during which planned national elections were postponed, it identifi ... more

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Multistakeholder Dialogue on Electoral Disinformation

Jonathan Corpus Ong, Nicole Curato

Internews (2021), 34 pp.

"The Multistakeholder Dialogue on Electoral Disinformation (MDED) project sought the perspectives of pro-democracy actors and key agents in the electoral process to map out election integrity initiatives, assess organizational capacities for disinformation mitigation, and identify influence operatio ... more

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National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Serbia

Jelena Jovovic, Dubravka Valic Nedeljkovic

Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 26 pp.

"In the process of accession to the European Union, Serbia is harmonizing laws with the EU legislation. In this process, the majority of regulations related to the prevention of hate speech and the spread of disinformation generally meet standards or are in the process of being amended. This factshe ... more

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Ill Advice: A Case Study in Facebook’s Failure to Tackle COVID-19 Disinformation

Aoife Gallagher, Macckenzie Hart, Ciarán O'Connor

London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 34 pp.

"Despite detailed policies on mis- and disinformation and promises to enforce them, social media platforms are failing to tackle prominent groups and individuals who spread false claims about COVID-19 and vaccines online. Using the World Doctors Alliance1 as a case study, a group that has spread var ... ious problematic, false and conspiratorial claims about COVID-19 and vaccines, ISD found that 78% of the group’s 1.2 million online followers are found on mainstream platforms (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, TikTok) who claim to prohibit this kind of content. The Facebook pages of World Doctors Alliance members have a following of over 550,000 users, which increased by 13,215% between January 2020 and July 2021. Videos posted by these Facebook pages have been viewed more than 21.1 million times. These pages have accumulated a total of 5.77 million interactions since January 2020, with interaction rates increasing by 85% in the first six months of 2021 compared to the previous six months. Facebook posts mentioning the World Doctors Alliance or its members have attracted more than three million engagements on Facebook and are present in at least 46 different languages on the platform. ISD found that large proportions—often the majority—of the most engaged with content on Facebook mentioning the World Doctors Alliance or its members in English, Spanish, German and Arabic contained false, misleading or conspiratorial claims related to COVID-19 and vaccines. Organisations that are part of Facebook’s fact-checking program have debunked false claims made by the World Doctors Alliance 189 times since the beginning of the pandemic. Despite this extensive fact-checking effort, Facebook is failing to take decisive action on the group or its members. Facebook’s fact-checking program incorporates organisations from 115 countries, but there appear to be major gaps in fact-checking in non-English languages. ISD found minimal application of fact-checking labels across the four languages analysed, with lower application rates on posts in German, Spanish and Arabic than in English. Content that does contain fact-checking labels is still accumulating tens and sometimes hundreds of thousands of engagements." (Key findings) more

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Gendered disinformation: 6 reasons why liberal democracies need to respond to this threat. Policy brief

Ellen Judson

Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2021)

"Gendered disinformation is a form of identity-based disinformation that threatens human rightsworldwide. It undermines the digital and political rights, as well as the safety and security, of itstargets. Its effects are far-reaching: gendered disinformation is used to justify human rightsabuses and ... more

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What Works: Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation. Lessons from the Frontlines in 100 Countries

Rachael Jolley

Internews (2021), 14 pp.

"A global COVID-19 vaccine rollout must be coupled with funding and strategies to support trusted local media worldwide. The experience of communities in countries across the world demonstrates an urgent need to support groups at the local level if misinformation and mistrust is to be tackled effect ... more

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Sticking to the Facts, Building trust: Our Cure for Disinformation

Lausanne: Fondation Hirondelle (2021), 9 pp.

"Fondation Hirondelle's approach to disinformation centres on the fundamental principles of journalism and on the lessons learned from over 25 years of applying these principles in highly fragile contexts, where access to reliable information for the majority is not a given, and where rumours, hate ... more

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Fake News is Bad News: Hoaxes, Half-Truths and the Nature of Today's Journalism

Ján Visnovský, Jana Radosinská (eds.)

Intech Open (2021), 260 pp.

"The publication is focused on the ways fake news, disinformation, misinformation and hateful statements are spread across society, predominantly within the online environment. Its main ambition is to offer an interdisciplinary body of scholarly knowledge on fake news, disinformation and propaganda ... more

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The Impact of Disinformation on Democratic Processes and Human Rights in the World

Carme Colomina, Héctor Sánchez Margalef, Richard Youngs

Brussels: European Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies of the Union (2021), 54 pp.

"Disinformation undermines human rights and many elements of good quality democracy; but counter-disinformation measures can also have a prejudicial impact on human rights and democracy. COVID-19 compounds both these dynamics and has unleashed more intense waves of disinformation, allied to human ri ... more

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WorldCat (10)

Disinformation and Fake News

Shashi Jayakumar, Benjamin Ang, Nur Diyanah Anwar (eds.)

Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xii, 158 pp.

"While much has been said about individual disinformation campaigns in specific countries, this book offers a panoramic view of how these campaigns are conducted, who they target, and how they are spread. By bringing together research on specific countries and international data mined from questionn ... more

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Persuasive strategies in online health misinformation: A systematic review

Wei Peng, Sue Lim, Jingbo Meng

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 11 (2021), pp. 2131-2148

"A proliferation of a variety of health misinformation is present online, particularly during times of public health crisis. To combat online health misinformation, numerous studies have been conducted to taxonomize health misinformation or examine debunking strategies for various types of health mi ... more

Good Practice Principles for Public Communication Responses to Mis- and Disinformation Key Guidance

Information Dystopia and Philippine Democracy: Protecting the Public Sphere from Disinformation Top Insights

Good Practice Principles for Public Communication Responses to Mis- and Disinformation
Key Guidance

Information Dystopia and Philippine Democracy: Protecting the Public Sphere from Disinformation
Top Insights