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Journals
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COVID-19 Misinformation: Preparing for Future Crises. An Overview of the Early Behavioural Sciences Literature
Deep Insights
Luxembourg: European Union (2022), 82 pp.
"This report takes stock of the early behavioural sciences literature on COVID-19 misinformation. Specifically, it addresses the following three main questions: (1) Who was most likely to believe or share COVID-19 misinformation? (2) What were the consequences of being exposed to or believing COVID-
...
"Since Syrians took to the streets more than 11 years ago demanding freedom from decades of dictatorship, the Syrian regime has used violence and disinformation as tools to silence those who dare to oppose it, especially those brave enough to expose the war crimes being committed. Civilians, doctors
...
Authoritarians on a Media Offensive in the Midst of War: The Informational Influence of Russia, China, Turkey, Iran and the Gulf States in Southeast Europe
Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2022), iii, 127 pp.
"The publication analyzes the emerging trends of foreign authoritarian-state disinformation in the context of the war in Ukraine in a comparative manner focusing on 7 states of Southeast Europe (Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Albania). It examines
...
Populist attitudes and politicians’ disinformation accusations: Effects on perceptions of media and politicians
Journal of Communication, volume 72, issue 6 (2022), pp. 619-632
"Populist politicians increasingly accuse opposing media of spreading disinformation or “fake news.” However, empirical research on the effects of these accusations is scarce. This survey experiment (N = 1,330) shows that disinformation accusations reduce audience members’ trust in the accused
...
The Kremlin's Troll Network Never Sleeps: Inauthentic Pro-Kremlin Online Behavior on Facebook in Germany, Italy, Romania and Hungary
Budapest: Political Capital Institute (2022), 36 pp.
"The research – based on programmatic text-mining supported analyses of several millions of war-related comments scraped by Sentione and further examined with CrowdTangle - found traces of inauthentic, repetitive pro-Kremlin activity on Facebook in all countries under review, which can be consider
...
Protecting the truth: Peace operations and disinformation
Berlin: Center for International Peace Operations (2022), 18 pp.
"This study discusses how and to what extent peace operations are affected by digital disinformation and how international organisations (UN, EU, OSCE and NATO) as mandating bodies for peace operations have responded to limit the effect of disinformation or even prevent it. Based on this assessment
...
Researching the Evolving Online Ecosystem: Barriers, Methods and Future Challenges
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2022), 35 pp.
"This report outlines the findings from the initial scoping phase of a project supported by a grant from Omidyar Network and launched by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and CASM Technology to identify online spaces used by extremist, hate and disinformation actors and communities as they
...
Disinformation in the Brazilian pre-election context: Probing the content, spread and implications of fake news about Lula da Silva
Communication Review, volume 24, issue 4 (2021), pp. 297-319
"This research scrutinizes the content, spread, and implications of disinformation in Brazil’s 2018 pre-election period. It focuses specifically on the most widely shared fake news about Lula da Silva and links these with the preexisting polarization and political radicalization, ascertaining the
...
A intersecção entre desinformação, religião e pandemia: A atuação de canais religiosos no YouTube no contexto da COVID-19
Tropos: Comunicação, Sociedade e Cultura, volume 10, issue 1 (2021), 30 pp.
"Este artigo discute a interseção entre desinformação e religião a partir de canais do YouTube tendo como cenário a pandemia de COVID-19. Para tanto, são analisados 75 materiais audiovisuais postados em dois canais do YouTube – do Pastor Silas Malafaia e do Instituto Plinio Corrêa de Olive
...
Multistakeholder Dialogue on Electoral Disinformation
Internews (2021), 34 pp.
"The Multistakeholder Dialogue on Electoral Disinformation (MDED) project sought the perspectives of pro-democracy actors and key agents in the electoral process to map out election integrity initiatives, assess organizational capacities for disinformation mitigation, and identify influence operatio
...
Regulating Disinformation in Europe: Implications for Speech and Privacy
UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational, and Comparative Law, volume 6 (2021), pp. 9-36
"This article examines the ongoing dynamics in the regulation of disinformation in Europe, focusing on the intersection between the right to freedom of expression and the right to privacy. Importantly, there has been a recent wave of regulatory measures and other forms of pressure on online platform
...
Review of social science research on the impact of countermeasures against influence operations
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 2, issue 5 (2021), 17 pp.
"Based on key term searches and forward and backward citation mapping, we constructed a review of 223 studies published since 1972 related to countermeasures designed to combat influence operations. Each identified study included: (1) a source of variation in exposure to countermeasures; (2) a clear
...
Data Science for Fake News: Surveys and Perspective
Cham: Springer (2021), xiv, 302 pp.
"This book provides an overview of fake news detection, both through a variety of tutorial-style survey articles that capture advancements in the field from various facets and in a somewhat unique direction through expert perspectives from various disciplines. The approach is based on the idea that
...
Misconceptions, Misinformation and Politics of COVID-19 on Social Media: A Multi-Level Analysis in Ghana
Frontiers in Communication, volume 6, issue 613794 (2021), 13 pp.
"The study showed a changing pattern in the misconceptions and misinformation about COVID-19. Initially myths were largely on causes and vulnerability. It was widely speculated that black people had some immunity against COVID-19. Also, the condition was perceived to cause severe disease among the e
...
Fake News is Bad News: Hoaxes, Half-Truths and the Nature of Today's Journalism
Intech Open (2021), 260 pp.
"The publication is focused on the ways fake news, disinformation, misinformation and hateful statements are spread across society, predominantly within the online environment. Its main ambition is to offer an interdisciplinary body of scholarly knowledge on fake news, disinformation and propaganda
...
Harmful Information: Misinformation, Disinformation and Hate Speech in Armed Conflict and Other Situations of Violence. ICRC Initial Findings and Perspectives on Adapting Protection Approaches
Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (2021), 20 pp.
"The present document .. first proposes a working definition of what misinformation, disinformation and hate speech” (MDH) are and how they can be framed conceptually. It then explains why MDH is of such significant concern to the ICRC and the wider humanitarian sector. Next, it outlines the key c
...
Combating Foreign Disinformation on Social Media: Study Overview and Conclusions
Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation (2021), xvi, 119 pp.
"Drawing on a host of different primary and secondary sources and more than 150 original interviews from across the U.S. government, the joint force, industry, civil society, and subject-matter experts from nine countries around the world, researchers examined how China, Russia, and North Korea have
...
Sticking to the Facts, Building trust: Our Cure for Disinformation
Lausanne: Fondation Hirondelle (2021), 9 pp.
"Fondation Hirondelle's approach to disinformation centres on the fundamental principles of journalism and on the lessons learned from over 25 years of applying these principles in highly fragile contexts, where access to reliable information for the majority is not a given, and where rumours, hate
...
Resist 2: Counter-Disinformation Toolkit
Key Guides
Government Communication Service (GCS) (2021), 59 pp.
"This refreshed version of the RESIST toolkit reflects the new realities of the threat that mis- and disinformation poses today. It explores new techniques and tactics, and how organisations can effectively identify, monitor and respond. The toolkit takes a systematic, evidence-based approach for he
...
The Truth Gap: How Misinformation and Disinformation Online Affect the Lives, Learning and Leadership of Girls and Young Women
Surrey: Plan International (2021), 46 pp.
"We surveyed over 26,000 girls and young women in 26 countries. 91% of girls and young women surveyed are concerned about misinformation and/or disinformation online. 40% of those surveyed are extremely or very concerned. Misinformation and disinformation are having a negative impact on 87% of the g
...
